• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. Melanin is a pigment that gives colour to our skin. But increased production of melanin can turn into benign or malignant tumours. These days due to global warming, the amount of Ultra violet (UVB) rays has been extensively increased with sunlight. Due to this, a phenomenon called exogenous photo aging is widely observed for all skin colour and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) that serves as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins mainly collagen is increased, causing depletion in collagen and resulting in early wrinkles formation. Therefore in our study we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the melanogenesis inhibition by Heated radish extract (HRE) in vitro and we used HRM-2 hair less mice exposed to artificial UVB for checking the efficacy of Heated radish extract in vivo. Furthermore, we prepared a 3% Heated radish extract (HRE) cream and checked its effects on human skin. Our results have clearly demonstrated that Heated radish extract (HRE) have potently suppressed the tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells. It had also reduced the expression of components involved in melanin production pathway both transcriptionally and transitionally. In in vivo studies, HRE had potently suppressed the expression of MMP's and reduced the wrinkle formation and inhibited collagen degradation. Moreover, on human skin, ginseng cream increased the resilience, skin moisture and enhanced the skin tone. Therefore in light of these findings, we conclude that HRE is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

The desire to be light skinned is universal among women. Asia has a long history of using skincare formulations as whitening agents. There is an imperative need to develop novel cosmetics from herbal sources due to several unpleasant side effects and high costs. As a result, this study aims to investigate the effect of Ceylon black tea extracts on melanogenesis. Five different Ceylon black tea extracts were prepared and examined for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with these extracts and tested for cytotoxicity and protein suppression levels. According to the results of this study, the highest TPCs were obtained from ethanol and acetone extractions (240.303 ± 1.389 ㎍/g and 240.202 ± 4.700 ㎍/g, respectively), whereas the highest TFC was obtained from acetone extraction (57.484 ± 0.413 ㎍/g). Ceylon black tea extracted with ethanol exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ value of 0.277 ± 0.017 mg/mL and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an EC₅₀ value of 0.009 ± 0.000 mg/mL. Furthermore, western blot results revealed that tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF protein expression levels were dose-dependently suppressed, indicating the applicability of Ceylon black tea extract as a novel melanogenesis inhibitor.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2022

In this study, derivatives of trimethoxybenzene were investigated as inhibitors of melanogenesis. We examined the effects of methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (MTB), ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (ETB), methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC), and ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (ETC). First, the inhibitory effects of these agents on melanin production were evaluated using α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. We found that all derivatives decreased α-MSH-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells; ETC showed a strong inhibitory effect at half of the concentration of the other derivatives. As tyrosinase is considered a key enzyme of melanogenesis, we also examined whether the derivatives inhibited tyrosinase activity. MTC and ETC reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity and expression levels of α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase protein. Inhibitory effects of all derivatives on α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase activity were shown in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the derivatives were exposed to diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical to examine their antioxidant characteristics. All derivatives showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was 2-fold higher than that of arbutin. In conclusion, the trimethoxybenzene derivatives, including MTB, ETB, MTC, and ETC exerted anti-melanogenic and antioxidant effects on α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis, demonstrating their potential for use as novel hypopigmenting agents and antioxidants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.485-489
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defensive mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun. Tyrosinase plays a key role in the biosynthesis of melanin. This is why many researches have been focused on regulations in controlling the epidermal melanization. We found that extract of Canavalia lineata inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity, dopa oxidase activity, and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. To elucidate mRNA level reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used. It was revealed that A subfraction of $CHCI_3$ extract of Canavalia lineara reduced the tyrosinase mRNA expression of B16F10 melanoma cells by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-melanogenic effects of the extracts from Decaschistia intermedia craib (EDI). In this study, we examined the effects of EDI on mushroom tyrosinase activity in in vitro, melanin contents, and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of melanogenesis-related genes in B16F10 melanoma cells. The treatment of EDI significantly decreased both tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in B16F10 cells with dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that the expression of mRNA or proteins of melanogenic proteins, such as, a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH)-induced microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 was significantly downregulated with dose-dependent manner in the EDI-treated B16F10 cells compared to controls. Our results suggest that the EDI inhibits cellular melanogenesis through downregulation of a-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis. Thus EDI may potentially be an effective whitening agent.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.241-242
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• 2003

The effects of N-acetylphytospingosine(NAPS), one of the phytospingosine derivatives, on melanogenesis of B 16F 1 0 mouse melanoma cell lines were investigated. We assessed the effect of NAPS on the depigmentation of B16F10 cells. The melanin content of cells was significantly reduced by NAPS. We examined the inhibitory effect of NAPS on tyrosinase activity using L-dopa as a substrate and the results showed that tyrosinase activity was inhibited in a does-dependent manner. The mRNA level of tyrosinase as well as that of tyrosinase related protein-l (TRP-l) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) genes were not affected by NAPS based on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. We also performed a Western blotting analysis using anti-tyrosinase antibody. It showed that there is no change in tyrosinase protein level after treatment of NAPS. These results suggest that the depigmenting mechanism of NAPS in B16F10 melanoma cells involves inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity, rather than the mRNA expression or protein level of tyrosinase.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

The anti-melanogenic activity of 259 actinomycete strains was tested, and based on the results for the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and the reduction in melanin content, Micromonospora sp. JCS1 and JCS7 were selected as the strains with the highest anti-melanogenic potential. The activity-guided fractionation of extracts from JCS1 and JCS7 led to the isolation of the dipeptides cyclo(ʟ-Phenyl alanine (Phe)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Tryptophan (Trp)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (2). These two compounds were tested for their inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by monitoring ʟ-DOPA levels and melanin production. Cyclo(ʟ-Phe-ʟ-Pro) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Trp-ʟ-Pro) (2) were thus confirmed to have the potential for use in functional whitening cosmetics containing actinomycete-derived secondary metabolites.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.492-498
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• 2024

Bioassay and HPLC-UV guided fractionations of the crude extract of marine-derived Streptomyces sp. SNA-077 have led to the isolation of a red pigment, undecylprodigiosin (1). The chemical structure of undecylprodigiosin (1) was revealed by the interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic (MS) data. Further, anti-melanogenic effects of undecylprodigiosin (1) were investigated. First, the melanin contents of undecylprodigiosin (1)-treated B16 cells were evaluated. Furthermore, undecylprodigiosin (1) significantly inhibited the key enzymes involved in melanogenesis, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TYRP-1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). The mRNA and protein expression levels of Microphthalmia-associated transcriptian factor (MiTF), a critical transcription factor for tyrosinase gene expression, were also suppressed by undecylprodigiosin (1) treatment in B16 analyses. Collectively, our results suggest for the first time that undecylprodigiosin (1), a potent component isolated from an extract of marine Streptomyces sp. SNA-077, critically exerts the anti-melanogenic ability for melanin synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation and whitening effects of Ligularia stenocephala extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. L. stenocephala was extracted by three different solvents which was n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, $H_{2}O$. The free radical (1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 10.512ug/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 31.877ug/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 129.194ug/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.230mg/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.528mg/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.799mg/mL). Tyrosinase inhibition activity of L. stenocephala extracts was reduced 29.477% on ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, 13.583% on ethyl acetate fraction of stems. Therefore, L. stenocephala extracts may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2015

Royal jelly has been widely used as a health supplement worldwide. However, royal jelly has been implicated in allergic reactions, and we developed a water-soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) without the allergy inducing protein. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-melanogenic efficacy of WSRJ. B16F1 melanoma cells were first treated with 10 nM α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and then with various doses of WSRJ. In addition, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. WSRJ directly inhibited tyrosinase and cellular tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in α-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells a level comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, which was comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ has strong anti-melanogenic activity, which invoice direct inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and suppression of expression of melanogenesis related genes. Results from this study suggests that WSRJ is a potential candidate for the treatment of skin pigmentation.