• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2022

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Leguminosae) is widely distributed in Asia, North America and Europe. The root bark has been traditionally used for hemostasis, arthritis and hypertension. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the biological activity and the bioactive constituents of the root bark. We found that the methanol extract obtained from the root bark of R. pseudoacacia reduced the level of ROS and NO production in LPS-induced inflammation of RAW 264.7 cell line. Among the fractions, methylene chloride fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity against the inflammation. Seven constituents (1-7) were isolated from this fraction, and the chemical structures were determined to be medicarpin (1), (-)-vestitol (2), indole 3-carboxaldehyde (3), 3-acetylindole (4), liquiritigenin (5), 4(1H)-quinolone (6) and 8-methoxyononin (7). Among the isolates, medicarpin (1), (-)-vestitol (2), 3-acetylindole (4) and liquiritigenin (5) inhibited ROS and NO production in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first study to show the anti-inflammatory activity of the root bark of R. pseudoacacia, and it is suggested that the four constituents (1, 2, 4, and 5) could play a role in the biological activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

Oroxylum indicum has long been used in Asian traditional medicine to prevent and treat respiratory diseases, diabetes, diarrhea and other conditions. Oroxylin A is a flavone that is present in Oroxylum indicum and in Scutellaria baicalensis. Because the root extracts of both plants have been shown to have anti-allergic effects, the authors investigated whether oroxylin A is likely to have beneficial effects on allergic asthma using female Balb/c mice and rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. Antigen-induced degranulation was measured in vitro by measuring b-hexosaminidase activity. A murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of oroxylin A. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, the accumulations of eosinophils and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Oroxylin A administration decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed oroxylin A reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in lungs. These findings provide evidence that oroxylin A has potential use as an anti-allergic therapeutic.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.395-408
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• 2007

This study reports the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing property of alcoholic extract of Ophiorrhiza nicobarica (ON), a wild herb, used as an anti-infective ethnomedicine of Nicobarese and Shompen tribes of Great Nicobar Island, India. We for the first time investigated the analgesic and antiinflammatory potential of this herb in acute, subacute and chronic model of inflammation in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats, along with sheep RBC-induced sensitivity and membrane stabilization. The acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick and tail immersion tests are used as a model for evaluating analgesic activity; while the carrageenin-induced paw oedema was used as the model for acute inflammation, dextran-induced oedema as sub-acute and cotton-pellateinduced granuloma as chronic inflammatory model. The probable mode by which ON mediate its effect on inflammatory conditions was studied on sheep RBC-induced sensitivity and membrane stabilization. The in vitro results revealed that the ON extract possesses significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent analgesic and antiinflammatory activity at 200 and 300 mg/kg and its fractions at 50 mg/kg, p.o. respectively, compared to the control groups. However, the extract failed to exhibit membrane-stabilizing property as it unable to reduce the level of haemolysis of RBC exposed to hypotonic solution. The acute toxicity studies of ON extract in rats and mice revealed that the extract was nontoxic even up to 3.0 g/kg body weight of the animals, with a high safety profile. We have isolated ursolic acid, ${\beta}$-sitosterol and harmaline respectively, from the bioactive part of the extract. The results indicated that the O. nicobarica is indeed beneficial in primary health care, and suggest that its anti-inflammatory activity may not be related to membrane-stabilization.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.36-46
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• 2007

Objective : In this study, the effect of Atractylodes japonica against LPS induced inflammation in mouse microglia BV2 cells was investigated. Method : Microglia BV2 Cells viability was determined using the MTT assay. We used water, ethanol extract from Atractylodes japonica and studied on the anti-inflammatory effect of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, and nitric oxide detection on mouse microglia BV2 cells. Result : The MTT assay revealed that it's extract has no significant cytotoxicity in the microglia BV2 cell. Various solvent extract from Atractylodes japonica inhibited nitrite production, iNOS protein and mRNA expression levels. And also it's extracts significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 activation in RT-PCR and western blot in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia BV2 cells Conclusion : In this study, it's extracts was shown to suppress NO production by inhibiting iNOS expression and COX-2 activity. With this effects of anti-inflammation, we suggests that, it's extracts may be a useful candidate for the development of a drug on the related inflammatory diseases in brain.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.469-474
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• 2016

Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-${\kappa}B$, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-$1{\alpha}$-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.360-367
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• 1991

Effect of Mylabris sidae(MS) and Epicauta gorhami(EG) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and immune responses were studied in vivo. MS and EG contained cantharidin about 0.61 and 0.65%, respectively. It was shown that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg have the significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They accelerated significantly the carbon clearance and the phagocytosis of colloidal carbons by Kupffer cells in liver, but they at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg suppressed significantly the Arthus reaction in the sheep red blood cell(S-RBC)-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer and plaque-forming cells. On the other hand, they at a oral dose of 200 mg/kg accelerated slightly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats and delayed hypersensitivity in the S-RBC-challenzed mice in consistent with the increase of rosette forming cells. As the above results, it exhibited that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions inhibited the humoral immune responses, but they accelerated the function of macrophages and cellular immune responses. EG polysaccharide fraction had more active than MS polysaccharide fraction.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Objectives : Coriandrum sativum is a medicinal herb that is used to enhance organoleptic quality and food flavor and as source of natural antioxidants. This research investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Coriandrum sativum stem methanol extract (CSSE) using RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) in the extract were assayed. Results : Treatment with CSSE ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) resulted in inhibited levels of protein expression of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced iNOS, COX-2, and NF-${\kappa}B$ as well as production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and NO induced by LPS. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that CSSE exhibits anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the pathways of NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, CSSE may have therapeutic potential for a variety of inflammation-mediated diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica dahurica (AD). The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of AD against Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), expression of the H. pylori cagA gene in the presence of AD was determined. Inhibition of H. pylori urease by AD, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in AGS cells was measured. IL-8 mRNA expression in AGS cells which were infected with H. pylori and IL-8 level was measured. The MIC of MeOH Ex. of AD was $250{\mu}g/mL$ and the expression of cagA gene was decreased about 88% in the presence of AD. The activity of H. pylori urease was inhibited 70% by AD. mRNA expression of IL-8 and the production of NO and IL-8 were significantly decreased in the presence of AD. In conclusion, AD showed anti-Helicobacter activity and has potent anti-inflammatory effect on H. pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial AGS cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.472-477
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• 2011

The Forsythiae Fructus is an oriental medicine containing various lignans. In this study, the Forsythiae Fructus were extracted by hot water (Sample 1), hot water after bio-conversion using Lactobacillus strain (Sample 2-LP2, 2-LA, 2-LC, 2-LL, 2-BL and 2-LM) and 70% ethanol (Sample 3). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were improved by bio-conversion process using Lactobacillus strain, compared to water extract. Especially, sample 2-LL and 2-LA which had shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid content in antioxidant activity. Also, sample 2-LL and 2-LA showed higher melanin generation inhibitory activity as of 55%, 53% in maximum extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the anti-inflammation test of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited. Specially, both 70% Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract and sample 2-BL which have shown the relatively higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. In conclusion, the Forsythiae Fructus extracts with bio-conversion process has effect of skin whitening and anti-inflammation activity than other extracts. It could be used as a valuable materials for functional cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.191.3-192
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• 2003

Alnus japonica (Betulaceae) has been traditionally used for purifying blood, and curing feces containing blood, enteritis, diarrhea, alcoholism and cut wounds. In the current work, activity guided isolation of the butanol fraction of the Alnus japonica bark led to the isolation of catechin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-apiofuranoside. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined with carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice as an acute inflammation, complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis as a chronic inflammation. Carrageenan- induced paw edema in mice was significantly inhibited at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hr after carrageenan injection by administration of the flavonoid glycoside at the dose of 150mg/kg. (omitted)