• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 1999

Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of precaution and treatment of certain diseases including cancer. Therefore, present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of bamboo salt upon anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic activities as well. To examine the anti-cancer activity of bamboo salt, ICR mice implanted with 1$\times$l0$^{6}$ cells of sarcoma 180 intraperitoneally had been treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 60 days using adriamycin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Neither survival rate nor body weight had been significantly influenced by all the treatments indicating that bamboo salt A did not exert the anti-cancer effect on ICR mice. Anti-hypertensive activity was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which had been administered with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% in drinking water) for 28 days using hydralazin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 1, 3, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Significant anti-hypertensive activity was not observed in any treated group compared to the positive control group. In order to determine if bamboo salt had anti-diabetic activity, rats in which diabetes had been induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.m.) were treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 28 days using insulin (50 U/kg, s.c..) as a positive control. Blood samples were taken and analyzed at 1,2, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Bamboo salt did not cause any decreasing effect on the blood glucose levels. These results clearly demonstrated that bamboo salt A did not exert anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, or anti-diabetic activities in the present experimental animals.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.269-276
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• 2012

The anti-tumor effect of monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) vaccine was studied in lung cancer model with feasible but weak Ag-specific immune response and incomplete blocking of tumor growth. To overcome this limitation, the hematopoietic stem cell-derived DC (SDC) was cultured and the anti-tumor effect of MoDC & SDC was compared in mouse lung cancer minimal residual model (MRD). Therapeutic DCs were cultured from either $CD34^+$ hematopoietic stem cells with GM-CSF, SCF and IL-4 for 14 days (SDC) or monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days (MoDC). DCs were injected twice by one week interval into the peritoneum of mice that are inoculated with Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells (LLC) one day before the DC injection. Anti-tumor responses and the immune modulation were observed 3 weeks after the final DC injection. CD11c expression, IL-12 and TGF-${\beta}$ secretion were higher in SDC but CCR7 expression, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-10 secretion were higher in MoDC. The proportion of $CD11c^+CD8a^+$ cells was similar in both DC cultures. Although both DC reduced the tumor burden, histological anti-tumor effect and the frequencies of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting $CD8^+$ T cells were higher in SDC treated group than in MoDC. Conclusively, although both MoDC and SDC can induce the anti-tumor immunity, SDC may be better module as anti-tumor vaccine than MoDC in mouse lung cancer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.290-299
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• 2003

Background : Nowadays many researches about it s cure are going on world widely since cancer is one of the most human health threatening diseases. In Chinese and North Korean medicine, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. is practically used to treat many kinds of cancer, but in Korea it is rarely used. So, we need to scientifically identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. Objective : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Material & Methods : We used AGS as stomach cancer cells from American Type Culture Collection. We added the boiled extract of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. $5{\mu}l$(Sample I), $10{\mu}l$(Sample II) to cultural media(ml)for 0,6, 12, 24, 48 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay. the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine their effect on the revelation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax, which are genes related to apoptosis. We measured change of mitochondria membrane permeability and membrane potential via flow cytometry. Result : 1. The killing effect on stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups killed more stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later) and density dependent manner, which was statistical significance. 2. The suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups had more suppressive effects on viability of stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later), which was statistical significance. 3. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased with a density manner which was statistical significance. but the revelation of Bax was not changed with statistical significance. 4. As a result of this test, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. caused apoptosis by decreasing the absorbance of mitochondria with statistical significance. and also induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria. Conclusion : This experiment showed that Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. has anti-tumor effect with statistical significance. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. We hope more progressive researchs on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. will go on and its anti-tumor effects will be more practically identified.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2004

Objectives ; This study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with distilled fresh ginseng. The herbal acupuncture was injected to Chung-wan($C.V_{12}$) and Wisu($BL_{21}$) of mice that were subjected to Sarcoma-180 adbominal cancer cell and A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods : Anti-cancer effects of distilled fresh ginseng herbal acupuncture were tested by measruing Cox, Bcl-2, and Bax by using RT-PCR in A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro. And four weeks old Balb/c line male mice weighing around $20\;{\pm}\;3g$ were used to measure survival rate and anti-cancer effect to outputs of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 using flow cytometry, possibility of mRNA menifestation using RT-PCR, and Cox mRNA. The results are as follows. Results : 1. In measuring mRNA menifestation in Cox, Bcl-2, and Bax by using RT-PCR in A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells in vitro, the result showed that fresh ginseng decreased Cox-2 which is directly involved in Inflammation process. 2. Survival rate was measured in an anti-cancer effect experiment against Sarcoma-180 abdorminal cancer. Median survival time of controlled group was 27 days, of experiment group I was 21 days, and of experiment group II was 27 days. Therefore, experiment group I showed -22.2% increase in survival rate and experiment group II showed no difference compare to controlled group. 3. There was no difference between condition group and controlled and experiment group in measuring outputs of interleukin-2 and interleukin 4 by using flow cytometry 4. In measuring outputs of interleukin-2 by using ELISA, there was no significant difference between condition group and controlled group and there was decrease in experiment group II compared to conditioned and controlled group. 5. In measuring cytokine mRNA menifestation by using RT-PCR, experiment group I showed increase of mRNA menifestation in interleukin-2,4 and $interferon-{\gamma}$ and experiment group II showed no significant difference in $interferon-{\gamma}$. Conclusion : According to the results, fresh ginseng herbal-acupuncture took a little effects in cancer. In using distilled fresh ginseng herbal acupuncture has effect on Cox-2 decrease. However, the difference in concentration of fresh ginseng showed no effect on killing cancer cell. It is assumed that inaccurate concentration of herbal acupuncture and fresh ginseng component could be the reason for this result. Therefore, future consideration will be studies on herbal acupuncture concentration.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) in human breast cancer cell lines. Methods : In cultured human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, we investigated growth inhibitory effect of RVS. MCF-7 cells were cultured with various concentrations (0, 200, 300, and 400 ug/ml) of RVS at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. We performed CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry for detection of Annexin V-PI staining. Results : As a result, RVS inhibits the cell growth and induction of apoptosis in dose dependent manner in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion : RVS has anti-cancer activities and induced apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Therefore we suggest that RVS can use as a novel class of anti-cancer drugs.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.256.1-256.1
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• 2002

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of a new compound. ircinin-1. from the sponge Sarcotragus sp. on SK-MEL -2 human skin cancer cells. From the data of MTT assay, cell viability was decreased by ircinin-1 in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that the anti-proliferative effect of ircinin-1 was due to the induction of apoptosis, which was confirmed by observing the morphological changes. the increased ratio of pro-apoptotic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein, via activation of caspase-3. (omitted)

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system and radical resection, which is available to very few patients, might be the only possibility for cure. Since therapeutic choices are limited at the advanced stage, prevention is more important for reducing incidence in high-risk individuals with family history of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acids reduces the risk of pancreatic cancers. Dietary fish oil supplementation has shown to suppress pancreatic cancer development in animal models. Previous experimental studies revealed that several hallmarks of cancer involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, such as the resistance to apoptosis, hyper-proliferation with abnormal $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, and invasion. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acid and rich in cold oceanic fish oil. DHA shows anti-cancer activity by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibiting $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, and decreasing extracellular matrix degradation and expression of pro-angiogenic factors in pancreatic cancer cells. This review will summarize anti-cancer mechanism of DHA in pancreatic carcinogenesis based on the recent studies.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2015

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid phytochemical that is extracted from various plants. Having an advantages due to its varied biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects, quercetin is used to treat many diseases. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy inhibition may play a key role in anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms and anti-cancer effects of quercetin in human osteosarcoma cells via autophagy inhibition. We ascertained that quercetin inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death, these process is demonstrated that apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase cascade. Quercetin also induced autophagy which was inhibited by 3-MA, autophagy inhibitor and the blockade of autophagy promoted the quercetin-induced apoptosis, confirming that autophagy is a pro-survival process. Thus, these findings demonstrate that quercetin is an effective anti-cancer agent, and the combination of quercetin and an autophagy inhibitor should enhance the effect of anti-cancer therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3041-3044
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• 2013

Background: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Recent studies have shown that aspirin could be used as an anti-tumor drug. Triptolide, the major compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripteryglum wilfordii Hook.f, has now been shown that it can inhibit tumor growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-tumor efficiency of aspirin and triptolide in cervical cancer cells. Methods: Viability of cervical cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT method at various concentrations of aspirin and triptolide. Siha and HeLa cell apoptotic analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Real time-PCR and Western Blotting were used to analyze the expression of Bcl-2/Bax, Cyclin D1 and p16. Results: Viability in the combination group was significantly decreased as compared with either drug used alone. Expression change of Bcl-2/Bax, CyclinD1 and p16 appeared to play an important role in the synergistic killing effect on cervical cancer cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Aspirin and triptolide combination treatment may have synergistic anti-tumor effects on cervical cancer cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2017

Although cancer/testis antigen DDX53 confers anti-cancer drug-resistance, the effect of DDX53 on cancer stem cell-like properties and autophagy remains unknown. MDA-MB-231 ($CD133^+$) cells showed higher expression of DDX53, SOX-2, NANOG and MDR1 than MDA-MB-231 ($CD133^-$). DDX53 increased in vitro self-renewal activity of MCF-7 while decreasing expression of DDX53 by siRNA lowered in vitro self-renewal activity of MDA-MB-231. DDX53 showed an interaction with EGFR and binding to the promoter sequences of EGFR. DDX53 induced resistance to anti-cancer drugs in MCF-7 cells while decreased expression of DDX53 by siRNA increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to anti-cancer drugs. Negative regulators of DDX53, such as miR-200b and miR-217, increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to anti-cancer drugs. MDA-MB-231 showed higher expression of autophagy marker proteins such as ATG-5, $pBeclin1^{Ser15}$ and LC-3I/II compared with MCF-7. DDX53 regulated the expression of marker proteins of autophagy in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. miR-200b and miR-217 negatively regulated the expression of autophagy marker proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the direct regulation of ATG-5. The decreased expression of ATG-5 by siRNA increased the sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, DDX53 promotes stem cell-like properties, autophagy, and confers resistance to anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells.