• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1293-1303
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• 2023

Objective: Inflammation and pain management in postpartum hyperprolific sows is currently an important animal welfare issue in the swine industry. The present study investigates effects of ketoprofen treatment on the incidence of post-parturient disorders, feed intake, colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake, colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and piglet mortality rate during the first 3 days of postnatal life. Methods: In total, 61 Danish Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred sows and their offspring (n = 833) were included in the experiment. The sows were randomly distributed into two groups: i) control (n = 31), sows were treated with tolfenamic acid 2 mg per kg for 2 days postpartum; ii) ketoprofen (n = 30), sows were treated with ketoprofen 3 mg per kg for 2 days postpartum. The farrowing process of the sows was monitored for 24 h daily, and data associated with farrowing were collected. Piglet colostrum intake, sow colostrum yield and colostrum IgG were determined. Results: During the first 3 days postpartum, the incidence of sows that had fever did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (51.6% and 56.7%, respectively, p = 0.692). Piglet colostrum intake did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (p = 0.736). However, the proportions of piglets that had inadequate colostrum intake were 71.3%, 22.6%, and 5.4% in those with birth weights of <1.0 kg, 1.0 to 1.29 kg, and ≥1.30 kg, respectively (p<0.001). The piglet mortality rate did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (p = 0.808). Conclusion: Administration of ketoprofen in postpartum sows for 2 days can control the evidence of post-parturient disorders in sows as effectively as the use of tolfenamic acid. No deleterious effect of ketoprofen was detected on sow colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake and piglet mortality. Therefore, ketoprofen can be recommended as an alternative anti-inflammatory drug used in postpartum sows.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2022

Lentinula edodes is a type of mushroom widely consumed in East Asia, and many of the components contained in them are used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals or as health supplements. Ergothioneine, a sulfur-containing amino acid in L. edodes, is attracting attention due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. L. edodes generally contain an ergothioneine content of about 200 to 800 mg per kg; there are some differences in this value depending on the cultivation conditions. In this study, 24 domestic sawdust-cultivated L. edodes cultivars were cultured under the same conditions, and the morphological characteristics and ergothioneine content of the fruiting bodies were investigated. The yield and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies were different in each cultivar. Taehyanggo and Sanjo 713ho had the largest and thickest pileus. The pileus of L. edodes had a higher ergothioneine content than the stipe. Sanjo 715ho had the highest ergothioneine content in the pileus and the stipe at 1,225 mg/kg and 753 mg/kg, respectively. An ergothioneine content of more than 1,000 mg/kg in the pileus was observed in Bambithyang, Sansanhyang, Sulbaekhyang, Taehyanggo, Sanjo 705ho, Sanjo 709ho, Sanjo 715ho, and Sanjo 716ho. These cultivars can be used as parental strains to develop new cultivars with enhanced ergothioneine functionalities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.593-604
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• 2023

The ocean accounts for over 70% of the Earth's surface and is a space of largely unexplored unknowns and opportunities. Korea is a peninsula surrounded by the sea on three sides, emphasizing the importance of marine research. The ocean has an extremely complex environment with immense biological diversity. In terms of microbiology, the marine environment has varying factors like extreme temperature, pressure, solar radiation, salt concentration, and pH, providing ecologically unique habitats. Due to this variety, marine organisms have very different phylogenetic classifications compared with terrestrial organisms. Although various microorganisms inhabit the ocean, studies on the diversity, isolation, and cultivation of marine microorganisms and the secondary metabolites they produce are still insufficient. Research on bioactive substances from marine microorganisms, which were rarely studied until the 1990s, has accelerated in terms of natural products from marine Actinomycetes since the 2000s. Since then, industries for bioplastic and biofuel production, carbon dioxide capture, probiotics, and pharmaceutical discovery and development of antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory drugs using bacteria, archaea, and algae have significantly grown. In this review, we introduce current research findings and the latest trends in life science and biotechnology using marine microorganisms. Through this article, we hope to create consumer awareness of the importance of basic and applied research in various natural product-related discovery fields other than conventional pharmaceutical drug discovery. The article aims to suggest pathways that may boost research on the optimization and application of future marine-derived materials.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

In this study, a formula (EJ-F101) was prepared to develop a raw material for acne-prone skin improvement using wheat germ extract, and a clinical trial cream was prepared and clinical trials were conducted. As a result of the analysis, when comparing before and after using the product, both the test group and the control group showed significant improvement effects in terms of open comedones, occluded comedones, papules, sebum and oil content in the facial region at 4 weeks after product use, compared to the control group in the test group which showed a more significant improvement effect. As a result of the survey on the efficacy of the product, most items showed higher positive answers in the test product compared to the control product four weeks after the use of the product, and about 43-81% of the study subjects answered positively in the test product, except for the "open surface" item. In addition, for all items related to the usability of the product, about 14-86% of the test group and 38-90% of the control group answered positively at the time point 4 weeks after using the product. As a result of skin safety evaluation, no adverse skin reactions were observed in all subjects of this study. Based on the above results, it is considered that the cream using wheat germ extract is suitable for use on acne-prone skin(non comedogenicity).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2023

MRSA is Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and is a worldwide infectious disease. Even with the discovery of new antibiotics, resistance develops rapidly, so new alternatives are needed. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a combination of Jakyak and Gamcho, and has been mainly used as an antispasmodic and analgesic in oriental medicine. This study was conducted to find out whether there is an effect on MRSA in relation to the anti-inflammatory effect of JGT and the antibacterial effect of Jakyak and Gamcho found in previous studies. In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial activity of JGT and the combined effect of existing antibiotics, after extracting JGT with 70% EtoH, the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), drug combination effect (FICI), and time-kill analysis (Time-kill assay), metabolic inhibition, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to confirm the antibacterial activity mechanism of MRSA of JGT. As a result of the experiment, all of MRSA showed antibacterial activity in JGT's disc diffusion method, and the MIC was 250-1000 ㎍/mL. When existing antibiotics and JGT were combined with drugs, most had synergy or partial synergy. In addition, it was confirmed that the degree of bacterial growth was suppressed over time when simultaneous administration for 24 hours. JGT showed a synergistic effect when administered together with the ATPase-inhibitor DCCD, suggesting that it affected the inhibition of ATPase. As a result of observing the expression of PBP2a, and hla protein in the JGT-treated group and the untreated control group through wstern blot, it was confirmed that the protein expression of the JGT-treated group was significantly suppressed, and the expression levels of mecA, mecR1 and hla genes were also suppressed during JGT treatment. was observed by qRT-PCR. Combining the results of the experiment, it can be seen that JGT has antibacterial activity in MRSA, and when combined with existing antibiotics, the effect was increased compared to treatment with the drug alone. This suggests that JGT can be an alternative to treatment for antibiotic resistance of MRSA.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1461-1478
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• 2022

The maintenance of poultry gut health is complex depending on the intricate balance among diet, the commensal microbiota, and the mucosa, including the gut epithelium and the superimposing mucus layer. Changes in microflora composition and abundance can confer beneficial or detrimental effects on fowl. Antibiotics have devastating impacts on altering the landscape of gut microbiota, which further leads to antibiotic resistance or spread the pathogenic populations. By eliciting the landscape of gut microbiota, strategies should be made to break down the regulatory signals of pathogenic bacteria. The optional strategy of conferring dietary fibers (DFs) can be used to counterbalance the gut microbiota. DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is one of the primary modes through which the gut microbiota interacts and communicate with the host. The majority of SCFAs are produced in the large intestine (particularly in the caecum), where they are taken up by the enterocytes or transported through portal vein circulation into the bloodstream. Recent shreds of evidence have elucidated that SCFAs affect the gut and modulate the tissues and organs either by activating G-protein-coupled receptors or affecting epigenetic modifications in the genome through inducing histone acetylase activities and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Thus, in this way, SCFAs vastly influence poultry health by promoting energy regulation, mucosal integrity, immune homeostasis, and immune maturation. In this review article, we will focus on DFs, which directly interact with gut microbes and lead to the production of SCFAs. Further, we will discuss the current molecular mechanisms of how SCFAs are generated, transported, and modulated the pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses against pathogens and host physiology and gut health.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 물리적인 상처나 세균감염이 되었을 때 손상된 조직을 재생하고 신체를 방어하기 위해 일어나는 선천성 면역반응으로 알려져 있다. 주로 선천면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species와 cytokine 등에 의해 활성화되어 tumor necrosis factor-α. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 등 염증인자들의 생성에 관여한다. 특히, 산화질소는 superoxide 음이온과 쉽게 반응하고 peroxynitrite와 같은 독성이 강한 산화제를 생성하여 단백질 및 지질의 과산화를 유도하고 세포독성을 일으키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 항염증 소재를 탐색하기 위해 오미자 (Schisandra chinensis), 꾸지뽕 (Cudrania tricuspidata)을 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 전북 순창군에서 재배된 오미자, 꾸지뽕을 열 건조(60℃) 통해 건조한 후 분말화하였다. 최적 추출 조건 선정을 위해 다양한 용매 (열수, 증류수, 주정 20, 40, 60%), 온도 (25, 40, 60, 80℃) 및 시간 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h) 조건에서 추출된 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 비교함으로써 최적 조건을 선정하였다. 오미자와 꾸지뽕의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거 활성, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하여 항산화능 및 기능성 성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7을 활용하여 MTT assay, 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 오미자 및 꾸지뽕은 각각 주정 40%, 60℃ 그리고 증류수, 60℃에서 추출 시 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량 (약 98.3 mg GAE/g 및 88.2 mg GAE/g)을 함유하며, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 44.6% 및 24.4%, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 30.3% 및 40.8%로 확인되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 약 21.80 mg QE/g 및 35.68 mg QE/g으로 확인되었다. 또한 오미자 및 꾸지뽕 기능성 추출물을 100 ug/mL 처리 시 세포 독성이 나타나지 않는 것으로 확인되었으며, NO 생성량을 약 56.3% 및 21.7% 저감시켜 항염증 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2020

염증은 물리화학적 자극이나 세균 감염과 같은 외부 자극에 대응하기 위한 생체조직의 방어 반응의 하 나이며 조직이나 장기의 손상을 회복시키는 기전으로서 매우 중요한 역할을 하지만 염증반응이 과도해 질 경우 궤양성 대장염, 기관지염, 천식, 대장암 등을 유발하는 원인으로 작용하기 때문에 염증반응을 조 절하는 항염증제 개발은 매우 중요시되고 있다. 국내 염증개선 관련 시장은 현재 약 3조원 규모이며 지속 적인 성장세에 있지만 천연소재의 기능성 중심으로 출시된 제품 중 다수의 제품에서 주로 수입 원료를 사용하고 있어 국내 자생 및 재배하는 천연 소재들의 효능에 대한 검증을 통해 수입 원료 의존도를 낮추 기 위한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 순창에서 재배되는 참두릅 (Aralia elata Seem)과 도라지 (Platycodon grandiflorum)를 이용하여 천연 염증개선 소재화를 목적으로 기능성 증진을 위한 추 출조건 선정과정과 대식세포에 대한 세포독성 및 항염증 효능을 확인하여 천연소재를 이용한 염증개선 소재화를 시도하고자 한다. 본 연구는 전북 순창에서 재배되는 참두릅과 도라지의 추출조건을 선정하기 위해 용매, 온도 및 시간별 추출물의 total polyphenol 함량 평가를 통하여 최적 추출조건 선정을 진행하 였으며, 선정된 추출조건에서 추출된 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 total flavonoids 함량을 확인하여 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 MTT assay, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 효능을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활 성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, Total polyphenol 함량 분석을 통해 최적 추출조건이 선정된 두릅 (주정 40%, 25℃, 3 h), 도라지 (주정 60%, 25℃, 1 h)의 추출물을 이용하여 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 total flavonoids 함량을 분석한 결과, 도라지보다 두릅에서 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포를 활용한 두릅과 도라지의 세포독성을 측정한 결과, 100 ug/mL 이내의 농도에서 독성활성이 나타내지 않음을 확인되었으며, 항염증 활성을 측정한 결과 100 ug/mL에서 두릅 추출물이 도라지 추출 물보다 약 33% 이상 NO 생성억제 활성이 높게 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2021

Calystegia soldanella L. is a perennial herbaceous halophyte belonging to the convolvulaceae family, which mainly grows in coastal sand dunes in Korea. Shoots and rhizomes are edible, and roots called 'Hyoseon Chogeun' are known to have medicinal effects such as antipyretic, sterilization, and diuretic. In addition, physiological activities of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal and PTP-1B (protein tyrosine phosphate-1B) inhibition have been reported. In this study, in vitro induction cell lines of C. soldanella L. collected from the coastal sand dunes in Jeju island was redifferentiated into adventitious roots that can be used as medicinal resources. Also the biomass of mass-proliferated adventitious roots using a bioreactor were evaluated. Plants of C. soldanella L. were collected from the crevice of the seashore in the coastal area of Taeheung 2-ri, Namwon-eup, Seogwipo-si. Then, it was separated into leaves, stems, rhizomes, and roots, and surface sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol and 2% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite). After washing with sterilized water, each organ section was cultured in Hormone-free MS medium (Murashige & Skoog Medium). As a result, the induction response rates were evaluated at 85% and 55%, respectively, in terms of callus formation and shoot generation in the rhizome segment. In the case of the adventitious roots morphological characteristics induced by single-use treatment of auxin-based plant growth regulators IBA and NAA from redifferentiated shoots were compared. Most efficient adventitious root culture method as a rooting rate, number, length, and biomass proliferation in the bioreactor system was confirmed when treated by culturing in MS salts, Sucrose 30 g·L^-1, and IBA 1mg·L^-1 for 4 weeks. In this study, the medium composition and culture period were confirmed using a bioreactor system to mass-proliferate adventitious roots derived from C. soldanella L. in Jeju island. Also this adventitious root line developed a new medicinal material could increase value of the bio-industry ingredient through quantitative and qualitative screening of phyto-bioactive compounds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 병원체, 손상된 세포, 자극물질 등으로 인한 손상에 대해 작용하여 조직이나 장기의 손상을 재생하는 작용으로써 신체 방어 기전들 가운데 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 염증반응이 과다할 경우 각종 염증성 질환 혹은 암 등을 유발하는 원인으로 발전할 수 있어 항염증제의 개발은 전 세계적으로 중요시되고 있다. 선천적 면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide(LPS), 활성산소 (ROS) 등에 의해 자극되어 염증인자 생성에 관여한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항염증 소재 개발을 목표로 하며, 국내 천연소재를 활용한 기능성 항염증 소재로 전북 순창군에서 재배된 초석잠(Stachys Sieboldii MIQ.)과 돼지감자 (Helianthus tuberosus L.)를 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 대식세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성에 대한 효능을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는, 전북 순창 지역에서 재배 된 초석잠과 돼지감자를 사용하여 각 조건의 추출 용매, 온도, 시간별 추출물의 Total polyphenol 함량 평가를 통한 최적 추출조건 선정을 진행하고, 선정된 추출조건의 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위해 DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 분석 및 Total flavonoids 함량 분석을 통해 항산화 효능 평가를 진행하였다. 또한 항염증 소재로의 활용을 위해 대식세포인 Raw 264.7을 사용하여 농도별 MTT assay를 진행하여 세포독성 평가를 진행하였고, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성억제 효능을 확인하여 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, Total polyphenol 함량 분석을 통해 최적 추출조건이 선정된 초석잠 (25℃, 주정 60%, 3 h), 돼지감자 (25℃, 주정 40%, 1 h)은 최적 조건에서 약 58 mg GAE/g 및 158 mg GAE/g의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보였으며, DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activity 및 Total flavonoids 함량 분석한 결과, 초석잠이 돼지감자보다 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포 실험에서의 추출물 처리군의 세포독성 측정 결과, 100 ug/mL 이내의 농도에서 독성활성이 나타나지 않음을 확인하였고, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제활성 측정을 통해 LPS 처리군 대비 접종량 100 ug/mL 기준 각각 초석잠 약 47%, 돼지감자 약 49% 수준의 항염증 활성을 확인하였다.