• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2016

Yam anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C.g) is the most devastating disease of yam (Dioscorea sp.). In the present study, we evaluated the culture filtrate extract (CFE) of azalomycin-producing Streptomyces malaysiensis strain MJM1968 for the control of yam anthracnose. MJM1968 showed strong antagonistic activity against C.g in vitro. Furthermore, the MJM1968 CFE was tested for inhibition of spore germination in C.g, where it completely inhibited spore germination at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. To assess the in planta efficacy of the CFE and spores of MJM1968 against C.g, a detached leaf bioassay was conducted, which showed both the treatments suppressed anthracnose development on detached yam leaves. Furthermore, a greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the CFE from MJM1968 as a fungicide for the control of yam anthracnose. The CFE non-treated plants showed a disease severity of >92% after 90 days of artificial inoculation with C.g, whereas the disease severity of CFE-treated and benomyl-treated yam plants was reduced to 26% and 15%, respectively, after 90 days. Analysis of the yam tubers from the CFE-treated and non-treated groups showed that tubers from the CFE-treated plants were larger than that of non-treated plants, which produced abnormal smaller tubers typical of anthracnose. This study demonstrated the utility of the CFE from S. malaysiensis strain MJM1968 as a biofungicide for the control of yam anthracnose.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.228-230
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• 2002

Anthracnose symptoms caused by Glomerella cingulata were observed on leaves and stems of gardenia in Sunchon, Jeonnam in Korea in 2000. Symptoms on infected plants typically appeared as irregularly circular, dark-brown ring spots and water-soaked brown lesions. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus (G-00-03 isolate) from the diseased plants was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and its teleomorph stage was Glomerella cingulata. Healthy gardenia artificially inoculated with fungal spores showed anthracnose symptom 7 days after inoculation. This is the first report of gardenia anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-109
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• 2001

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 50% on leaves of English ivy growing in greenhouses in Cheongwon area of Korea during disease survey in April, 2000. The symptoms developed as concentric spots with dot-like acervuli on leaves of the plant. A total of 24 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum trichellum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first record of C. trichellum causing anthracnose of English ivy in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2020

Anthracnose is one of the major problems for cultivating many crops, including vegetables, fruits, and trees. It is a continual threat for fruits grower worldwide. Colletotrichum fructicola was isolated from Shine Muscat berries showing typical anthracnose symptom in Korea. It was identified as C. fructicola based on morphology, pathological signs and concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin-2, chitin synthase-1, calmodulin, and the Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and partial mating type (Mat1-2) gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report first report of anthracnose of Shine Muscat caused by C. fructicola in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

Chilli is a widely consumed crop throughout the world. However, chilli anthracnose is a major constraint in chilli production leading to huge economic losses worldwide. Colletotrichum is a large genus of Ascomycete fungi, containing species that cause anthracnose diseases on a wide range of crops of economic value. This review is aimed at critically and accurately examining the taxonomic identification of Colletotrichum species by morphological and molecular approaches as well as assessing their management options. The use of appropriate integrated management practices, such as cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological control, are important in chilli anthracnose disease prevention and control. Emphasis is laid on the use of biological control because it is cost effective and eco-friendly, and is an appropriate approach for disease management. The use of resistant cultivars is the cheapest, easiest, safest, and most effective means of controlling crop diseases. But, since no resistant cultivars of chilli have been developed and commercialized, it is very important to develop biological management strategies. Further studies leading to integrated disease management strategies need to be carried out.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.274-276
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• 2008

Anthracnose occurred frequently on leaf sheaths of Welsh onions grown in Gangwha island, Korea in November, 2007. The disease incidence was as high as 30% in five fields investigated. A total of 20 single spore isolates of Colletotrichum species were obtained from the affected plants, and all the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum circinans based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Three isolates of the fungus caused anthracnose symptoms on the leaf sheaths of Welsh onions by artificial inoculation, which were similar to those observed during the field survey. In this study, the mycological and pathological characteristics of C. circinans identified as causing anthracnose of Welsh onions are clarified.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2002

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 100% on leaves of May lily grown in four locations in Korea during a disease survey in 2001. The symptoms appeared as circular to irregular spots with brown to dark brown discoloration on leaves of the plant, and severely infected leaves blighted. A total of 35 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. was obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum liliacearum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first report that C. liliacearum causes anthracnose of May lily.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2008

To examine the relationship between plant hormones and the development of pepper anthracnose, we investigated the effects of several plant hormones on the progression of disease symptoms. Of the five plant hormones examined, abscisic acid (ABA) increased the lesion length and disease incidence on detached fruits of Capsicum annuum cv. Nokkwang. The simultaneous application of ABA with inoculation of Colletotrichum acutatum JC24 resulted in increased lesion length, depending the concentration of ABA applied. Additionally, application of ABA caused the development of pepper anthracnose in fruits of Capsicum baccatum cvs. PBC80 and PBC81, which were previously resistant to the disease. Furthermore, ABA administration rendered increased pathogenicity of other isolates of C. acutatum BAC02063, PECH10, and TCBNU3 obtained from the Chinese matrimony vine, peach, and tea tree, respectively. Our data suggest that exogenous ABA may result in the suppression of defense mechanisms of pepper fruits against anthracnose, which leads to a change in the susceptibility of pepper fruits and the development of pepper anthracnose.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1999

Twenty two different disease on strawberry have been reported in Korea. Their occurrence patterns were depended on the varieties cultivated. Fusarium wilt occurred seriously on var. Hokowase, a variety used for the fields or semi-forcing culture. In recent years, however, anthracnose occurred remarkably as the acreage of forcing culture increases. Consequently, anthracnose reduced the stand rate and yield of the strawberry. Average occurrence rate of anthracnose was 36.9% on major strawberry cropping areas. Nyoho and Akihime, which are popular varieties for the forcing culture, are considered to be susceptible, but Holiwase and Suhong are resistant against this disease. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata have been reported as casual agents for this disease in Korea. C. gloeosporoides was recently reported, but C. fragariae, known to be a strong pathogen in foreign countries, has bot been found yet in Korea. These two fungal pathogens showed significant differences in some characteristics such as major infection parts of plant and responses to temperatures as well as benomyl resistance. In addition, C. gloeosporioides is more pathogenic than G. cingulata. Because vinly sheltering is effective for control of anthracnose to protect water disposal of the pathogen during the seedling stages, it is strongly recommend to use this method in conjunction with integrated control programs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2016

The present study investigated the suppression of the disease development of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum in harvested apples using an antagonistic rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC128 (APEC128). Out of 30 bacterial isolates from apple rhizosphere screened for antagonistic activity, the most effective strain was APEC128 as inferred from the size of the inhibition zone. This strain showed a greater growth in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth compared to other growth media. There was a reduction in anthracnose symptoms caused by the two fungal pathogens in harvested apples after their treatment with APEC128 in comparison with non-treated control. This effect is explained by the increased production of protease and amylase by APEC128, which might have inhibited mycelial growth. In apples treated with different APEC128 suspensions, the disease caused by C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum was greatly suppressed (by 83.6% and 79%, respectively) in treatments with the concentration of $1{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu)/ml compared to other lower dosages, suggesting that the suppression of anthracnose development on harvested apples is dose-dependent. These results indicated that APEC128 is one of the promising agents in the biocontrol of apple anthracnose, which might help to increase the shelf-life of apple fruit during the post-harvest period.