• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2014

Hwajeon, pan-fried rice cake, containing glutinous black rice flour at different proportions (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 50% of glutinous rice flour) was cooked to investigate the cooking effect on anthocyanins, color, and texture. Two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, were detected in both hwajeon dough and pan-fried hwajeon. The hwajeon retained up to 60% of anthocyanins in the dough after pan-frying. The lightness (L) of dough and hwajeon decreased with an increase in the amount of black rice flour rice flour. Interestingly, the lightness (L) of hwajeon was significantly lower than the counterpart dough, indicating that the color of hwajeon resulted not only from anthocyanins, but also from the browning reaction occurring during pan-frying. The redness (a) of hwajeon initially increased by adding glutinous black rice flour, and decreased at higher than 10% of black rice flour. In comparison with the control hwajeon (0% black rice flour), the black rice-added hwajeon showed lower hardness, whereas it had higher springiness and cohesiveness, resulting in no significant differences in gumminess and chewiness among the hwajeon. These results indicate that hwajeon enriched with glutinous black rice flour can be developed as a functional food containing health-promoting anthocyanins.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Ultraviolet (UV) A penetrates deeply into the skin and induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing damage to fibroblasts, which leads to aging of the skin. However, the body has developed an antioxidant defence system against the harmful effects of ROS. Enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) play critical roles on the removal of excess ROS in living organisms. In this study, the antioxidant activities of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin 3-lathyroside) from Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) fruits were investigated by xylenol orange, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and antioxidant enzyme assay. As a result, generation of $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxide induced by UVA-irradiation in human dermal fibroblast (HDF-N) cells was reduced by treatment of anthocyanins. Also, augmented enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities were observed in UVA-irradiated cells when treated with anthocyanin. In conclusion, the results obtained show that anthocyanins from ADA fruits are potential candidates for the protection of fibroblast against the damaging effects of UVA irradiation. Furthermore, anthocyanin may be a good candidate for antioxidant agent development.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.581-583
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• 1995

한국산 유색미(수원 415호)로부터 안토시아닌 색소를 분석하였다. 1%HCl-methanol로 추출된 색소액을 자외선-가시광선 분광분석기로 측정한 결과 280 nm와 530 nm에서 최대흡광도를 보여 안토시아닌임을 확인 하였다. 분리된 색소를 산 분해하여 얻은 aglycon을 여러종류의 용매계로 전개시켜 $R_1$값을 비교하고, 흡광성질 및 $^1H-NMR$ 자료를 분석한 결과 aglycon은 cyanidin 및 malvidin으로 동정되었고, 결합당을 종이 크로마토그라피로 분석한 결과 monoglucose로 확인되었다. 따라서 한국산 유색미(수원 415호)의 안토시아닌 색소는 cyanidin-3-glucoside 및 malvidin-3-glucoside로 추정된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1979

우리나라에서 채소(菜蔬)로 또 조미품(調味品)으로 많이 이용(利用)되고 있는 재래종(在來種)갓의 anthocyanin 색소(色素)의 구명(究明)을 위(爲)한 실험(實驗)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. T.L.C.에 의(依)해 이종(二種)의 anthocyanin을 분리(分離)하였다. 2. 이들 anthocyanin의 구조구명(構造究明)을 위(爲)하여 Robinson 시험(試驗), Spectrophotometry, T.L. chromatography, 부분가수분해등(部分加水分解等)의 방법(方法)으로 각각 peonidin-3-glucoside와 peonidin-3-galctoside 임을 확인(確認)하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.672-675
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• 2005

Two anthocyanins were isolated from 1% HCl-20% methanol extracts of KG 97287 black common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using semipreparative, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anthocyanins were identified using a combination of LC/ES-mass spectrometry (MS) and spectroscopic methods of UV-Vis, $^1H-$ and $^{13}C-$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The chemical structures of these two anthocyanins were elucidated as delphinidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside and their contents in KG 97287 black common bean seed coats were determined to be $2.614{\pm}0.11$ and $0.167{\pm}0.01\;mg/g$, respectively. These contents were lower than reported internationally and we recommend the introduction into Korea of high anthocyanin varieties of black common bean.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2021

The demand for sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from food matrices has been increasing. Water extraction of anthocyanins in aronia was investigated using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted methods. The optimum extraction conditions for the conventional method included a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 71℃, and extraction time of 39 min. The optimized conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time of 20 min, and an amplitude of 87.2 ㎛. The anthocyanin contents of the two extracts were 155.32 and 158.02 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The major anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-galactoside (65% of the total) and cyanidin 3-arabinoside (30% of the total). The contents of individual anthocyanins and phenolic acids were not significantly different between the two optimized extracts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-41
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• 1979

우리나라 재래종(在來種)갓의 anthocyanin 색소(色素)의 구명(究明)을 위(爲)한 실험(實驗)에서 제일보(第一報)의 구조추정(構造推定)에 이어서 이들 색소(色素)의 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 채취시기(採取時刻)의 구별(區別)에 의한 전(全) anthocyanin의 함량(含量)은 peonidin-3-glucoside로 표시(表示)하여 봄갓이 175.5mg% 가을갓이 192.7mg%로 가을갓이 약간(若干) 더 많은 함량(含量)을 보였다. 2, 착색정도(着色程度)의 구별(區別)에 의한 전(全) anthocyanin의 함량(含量)은 peonidin-3-glucoside로 표시(表示)하여 잎의 양면착색(兩面着色)갓이 290.2mg%, 한면(面)만의 착색(着色)이 73.6mg%, 양면(兩面)모두 무착색(無着色)갓이 40.0mg%이었다. 3. 신선(新鮮)한 갓에서 peonidin-3-glucoside로 표시(表示)하여 40mg%이하의 anthocyanin 함량(含量)으로는 육안(肉眼)으로서는 전혀 갓특유(特有)의 착색(着色)을 감지(感知)할 수 없었다. 4. 갓에 존재(存在)하는 이종(二種)의 anthocyanin의 조성비(組成比)는 채취시기(採取時期)및 착색(着色)의 정도(程度)에 따라서도 거의 일치(一致)하였으며 그 조성(組成)은 peonidin-3-glucoside가 55.3% 그리고 peonidin-3-galactoside가 44.7%이었다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring phytochemicals and the main components of the coloring of plants, flowers and fruits. They are known to elicit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive activity. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins in black / yellow soybean seedcoats using different methods of detection - thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and HPLC analysis. The anthocyanins in soybean seedcoats were extracted by five independent methods of extraction and the aglycons (anthocyanidins) of the corresponding anthocyanins were prepared by acid mediated hydrolysis. The anthocyanin / anthocyanidin in black soybean seedcoat showed characteristic TLC mobility, CZE electrophoretic retention and HPLC migration time while little of anthocyanins were detected from yellow soybean seedcoat. The extracted anthocyanins showed pH dependent retention time in CZE and spectral change in UV-Vis spectrum. HPLC analysis of the hydrolyzed extract of black soybean seedcoat identified the presence of four anthocyanidins. The major anthocyanin in black soybean seedcoat was cyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), with the relative order of anthocyanidin in cyanidin > delphinidin > petunidin > pelargonidin.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.733-738
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• 1998

Copigment로서 tannic aicd, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid를 선택하여 유색미 안토시아닌의 색변화 특성 및 온도, 금속이온, 빛에 대한 안정성 변화를 조사하였다. 안토시아닌과 copigment 농도(M)비율을 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20과 1:40으로 조정하여 copigmentation 효과를 조사한 결과, copigments농도가 높을수록 농색화 효과가 높았으며, tannic acid를 첨가한 실험군이 가장 높은 농색화 효과를 나타내었다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 21일간 저장시에도 tannic acid의 농색화 효과는 지속적으로 유지되어 대조군에 비해 높은 안정성을 보여주었다. 고온에서는 copigment 첨가군의 반감기가 대조군의 반감기보다 감소하여 열에 대하여 오히려 더 불안정한 것으로 나타났다. Tannic acid와 금속이온을 함께 첨가한 경우에는 금속이온에 의한 농색화와 함께 copigment에 의한 농색화도 동시에 일어나 안정화 효과가 높아졌다. Copigmentation에 의하여 빛에 의한 안토시아닌의 분해속도가 크게 감소하여 빛에 대한 안정화 효과가 관찰되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus exhibited promising potential as a new source of food and colorants containing various anthocyanins. However, the function of anthocyanins from H. syriacus has not been investigated. In the current study, we evaluated whether anthocyanins from the H. syriacus varieties Pulsae and Paektanshim (PS and PTS) inhibit melanin biogenesis. B16F10 cells and zebrafish larvae were exposed to PS and PTS in the presence or absence of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), and melanin contents accompanied by its regulating genes and proteins were analyzed. PS and PTS moderately downregulated mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, but significantly decreased extracellular and intracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells, and inhibited ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. PS and PTS also attenuated pigmentation in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, PS and PTS activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas PD98059, a specific ERK inhibitor, completely reversed PS- and PTS-mediated anti-melanogenic activity in B16F10 cells and zebrafish larvae, which indicates that PS- and PTS-mediated anti-melanogenic activity is due to ERK activation. Moreover, chromatography data showed that PS and PTS possessed 17 identical anthocyanins as a negative regulator of ERK. These findings suggested that anthocyanins from PS and PTS inhibited melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo by activating the ERK signaling pathway.