• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제16권E2호
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2000

The concentrations of Pb, Mn, Al and Na were measured from a total of 26 snow samples collected from a 1.5-m deep snow pit in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Ore sampling location is great concern, because of its proximity to the southern extremity of south America, a candidate for the source regions of pollutant aerosols entering Antarctica. The mean concentrations of Pb and Mn were found to be 4.97 pg g(sup)-1 and 20.6 pgg(sup)-1, respectively. These concentrations levels are similar to those reported for recent snow at other Antarctic sites with pronounced spring maxima for both metals. Contributions form natural sources are estimated to be minor (∼16%) for Pb. For Mn, on the other hand, contribution from rock and soil dusts is found to be very important. Excess Pb over Pb from natural sources is likely to be anthropogenic, especially from South Americal. Our results show that yearly Pb fallout flux is much greater in Antarctic coastal areas than at other Antarctic locations far from the coast , indicating that the transport and deposition patterns of pollutant aerosols are not simple is Antarctica. It is also suggested that the recycling of anthropogenic Pb in seawater to the atmosphere could significantly contribute to the Pb fallout flux in the Antarctic coastal regions.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 2006

We have cultured more than 100 Arctic and Antarctic cryophilic microalgal strains in KOPRI culture collections of polar microorganisms (KCCPM). Among them, we tried to identify an Antarctic strain, KOPRI AnM0008 by morphological and molecular analysis. Nuclear SSU rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences were used to identify the strain. It was identified as Porosira pseudodenticulata based on SSU sequence data showing 99% identity with GenBank X85398. This result was supported by morphological features like solitary labiate process, external foramina and internal cribra by optical and scanning electron microscope. Morphological identification and molecular analysis on polar cryophilic microalgae will be accomplished to construct the databases for KCCPM.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.579-585
• /
• 2012

The proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni that was caught in the southern Ross Sea (J, L) of the Antarctic Ocean were studied. The lipid contents of samples from J and L were 18.2 and 21.1%, respectively. The protein and ash contents were similar for samples J and L. The prominent fatty acids in the total lipids of the fish muscle were 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 16:0, 14:0, 18:1n-7, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). In addition, the total fatty acids of bycatch products in the toothfish stomachs (Pleuragramma antarcticum, Gerlachea australis, Pasiphaea sp., Trematomus eulepidotus, Chionodraco hamatus, Chionodraco myersi, and Neopagetopsis ionah) were determined. The prominent fatty acids in those species were 18:1n-9, 16:0, 14:0, DHA, EPA, and 18:1n-7.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2016

Background: In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. In the small area, even though there is a huge gap of difference of the environment between the snow-filled area and snow-melt one, the latter did not have distinctive environmental gradients. Results: Depending on the snow melting time, coverage and species diversity of lichens and mosses tend to increase remarkably. For species with significant changes depending on the snow-covered period, there are Andreaea regularis, crustose lichens, Placopsis contortuplicata, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and snow algae. In this area, the process of vegetation assembly process has shown the directional development in the order of snow algae${\rightarrow}$crustose, lichen sub-formation${\rightarrow}$fruticose lichen, moss cushion sub-formation (Andreaea sociation)${\rightarrow}$fruticose lichen, and moss cushion sub-formation (Usnea sociation), according to the order of snow melting. These directional development stages are shown in gradual change in small area with the snow melting phenomena. However, in the snow-free area, where water is sufficiently supplied, it is expected that moss carpet sub-formation (Sanionia sociation) will be developed. Vegetation development in the small area with the snow melting phenomena, depending on differences of resistance on snow kill and moisture settled by species in according to the time of snow melting, tolerance model to form community is followed. Conclusions: The research results explain the development of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra and its spatial distribution according to the period for growth of lichens and mosses in the summer time by differences of snow melting in the small area. In the future, if research for the community development process in a large scale will be done, it will be helpful to figure out temporal and spatial dynamic of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra where snow and glaciers melt rapidly due to climatic warming.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2007

Atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the King Sejong station were monitored for one year using passive air samplers. Low-chlorinated PCB homologues were predominant in all samples. PCB levels were observed to decrease with distance from the station, which may indicate that a significant part of PCBs could be of local origin. Although the level of PCBs at the King Sejong station is very low (${\Sigma}_9PCB$ (18, 52, 101, 118, 128, 138, 153, 180, 187): $2.3\;pg\;m^{-3}$) probably due to decrease in the global PCB emissions, it is one order of magnitude higher than a background level in the Antarctic. Based on this preliminary study, more interpretation on PCB data and meteorological conditions is required.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.453-463
• /
• 2004

The Antarctic Peninsula is important in terms of global warming research due to pronounced increase of air temperature over the last century. The first eddy covariance system was established at King Sejong Station located in the northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula in December of 2002 and has been operated over one year. Here, we analyze turbulent characteristics to determine quality control criteria for turbulent sensible heat flux data as well as to diagnose the possibility of long term eddy covariance measurement under extreme weather conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula. We also report the preliminary result on sensible heat flux. Based on the analyses on turbulent characteristics such as integral turbulence characteristics of vertical velocity (w) and heat (T), stationarity test and investigation of correlation coefficient, they fallow the Monin-Obukhov similarity and eddy covariance flux data were reliable. ${\sim}47%$ of total retrieved sensible heat flux data could be used for further analysis. Daytime averaged sensible heat flux showed a pronounced seasonal variation, with a maximum of up to $300Wm^{-2}$ in summer. In conclusion, continuous and long-term eddy covariance measurement may be possible at the study site and the land surface may influence the atmosphere significantly through heat transport in summer.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.364-374
• /
• 2008

2000년도에 COMNAP/SCAR에 의해 극지지역의 환경모니터링에 관한 표준기술지침서인 'Antarctic Environmental Monitoring Handbook'이 발간되었다. 이 지침서에 따라 남극세종기지주변지역의 토양시료중의 중금속을 분석하였다. 시료분해방법은 고압산분해 방법을 사용하였고, 분석방법으로는 동위원소희석 유도결합플라스마질량분석법을 사용하여 토양중의 Pb, Cu, Zn 성분을 분석하였다. 분석방법의 정확성을 확인하기 위해 표준시료인 NIST 2702를 분석한 결과 인증값의 99.5~100.8% 범위내에서 일치하였다. Chelex 100 이온교환수지를 사용하여 간섭이온을 제거하기 위해 매질을 분리하였다. 측정결과 인위적오염이 예상되는 기지주변지역의 중금속의 평균농도는 각각 Pb 332.9 mg/kg, Cu 95.6 mg/kg, Zn 115.3 mg/kg로 나타났으며, 기지에서 멀리 떨어진 지역의 평균농도는 각각 Pb 28.1 mg/kg, Cu 101.8 mg/kg, Zn 115.6 mg/kg로 나타났다. Pb 농도는 기지주변지역과 멀리 떨어진 지점에서 현저한 차이를 보였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 1999

Total lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid composition of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba collected from the water of King George Island, Antarctica during austral summer of 1997-1998, were investigated. The overall lipid content of 5. superba was 72 mg/g dry mass similar to the reported values for most temperate species. The neutral lipid of E. superba was 29% of the total lipid and that of phospholipid was 71%. The majority of neutral lipid was triacylglycerols(31.6% of neutral lipids) while phosphatidyl choline (44% of phospholipid) was the most abundunt in phospholipids. The quantitative composition of the fatty acid in E. superba show consisting mostly of the saturated 16:0 (16.6% -22.1%), along with the polyunsaturated 20:5(n-3) (20.6% -22.1%) and 22:6(n-3) (14.9% -16.9%) acids.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.407-418
• /
• 2008

Seawater samples were collected at discrete depths from five stations across the polar front in the Drake Passage (Antarctic Ocean) by the $20^{th}$ Korea Antarctic Research Program in December, 2006. Nitrate concentrations of seawater increase with depth within the photic zone above the depth of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW). In contrast, ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of seawater nitrate decrease with depth, showing a mirror image to the nitrate variation. Such a distinct vertical variation is mainly attributed to the degree of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton as well as organic matter degradation of sinking particles within the surface layer. The preferential $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ assimilation by the phytoplankton causes $^{15}{NO_3}^-$ concentration to become high in a closedsystem surface-water environment during the primary production, whereas more $^{14}{NO_3}^-$ is added to the seawater during the degradation of sinking organic particles. The water-mass mixing seems to play an important role in the alteration of ${\delta}^{15}N$ values in the deep layer below the UCDW. Across the polar front, nitrate concentrations of surface seawater decrease and corresponding ${\delta}^{15}N$ values increase northward, which is likely due to the degree of nitrate utilization during the primary production. Based on the Rayleigh model, the calculated ${\varepsilon}$ (isotope effect of nitrate uptake) values between 4.0%o and 5.8%o were validated by the previously reported data, although the preformed ${\delta}^{15}{{NO_3}^-}_{initial}$ value of UCDW is important in the calculation of ${\varepsilon}$ values.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 Google Earth Engine을 활용하여 Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar 영상을 통해 남극 Campbell Glacier Tongue (CGT)와 Drygalski Ice Tongue (DIT)의 면적 변화를 2016년부터 2024년까지 모니터링하였다. Otsu 기법과 Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) 클러스터링 기법을 사용하여 빙설과 해양을 구분하고 월평균 영상을 통해 빙설 탐지 오류를 줄였다. 분석 결과 CGT는 주기적인 붕괴로 인하여 약 26% 감소하였고 DIT는 전반적으로 증가하다가 최근 급격한 감소를 보였다. Sentinel-2 광학 영상과 비교한 결과 높은 탐지 정확성을 보여 제안된 방법의 신뢰성을 입증하였으며, 본 연구는 남극 빙설과 빙붕의 장기 모니터링에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.