• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 강수량, 월 최대강수량, 강수일수, 일강수량 20 mm, 30 mm 및 80 mm 이상인 일수의 장기추세의 통계적 유의성을 비모수 검정법인 Mann-Kendall 검정기법과 62개 지점의 1905년부터 2004년 기간 사이의 자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 한반도 강수특성은 연강수량과 월 최대강수량의 증가, 강수일수 감소 그리고 20 mm, 30 mm, 80 mm 이상의 일강수를 가진 강수일수 증가로 요약될 수 있다. 또한 자료의 월별 추세분석 결과는 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9월 강수량과 월 최대강수량은 증가추세를 보이고 3, 4, 10, 11, 12월에는 감소추세를 보인다. 또한 6, 7, 8, 9월의 일강수량 20 mm와 30 mm 이상인 강수일수는 증가추세를 보였다. 그러나 Mann-Kendall 검정결과 90%와 95% 유의수준에 대하여 유의한 증감추세를 가지는 지점의 비율은 매우 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 각 변수의 선형 증감에 따른 장기 변동보다 자료들이 가지고 있는 분산형태의 불확실성이 매우 우세함을 의미하므로 수자원 계획 등에 반영하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권3호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2017

Being a staple food for more than half of the population of the world and South Korea, rice is an important crop. For the past 20 years, global paddy rice cultivation area and production have shown an annual growth of 0.46% and 1.61%, respectively. Global rice consumption for food and processing has increased by 1.37% and 3.68%, respectively. Due to the main reason for such increasing human population, it is expected that from 439 million tons in 2010, additional 116 million tons will be needed in 2035. Global rice imports and exports have doubled in the last 20 years. However, in spite of such increment, global rice exports in 2013 were 8.4% of the total production. It is thought that rice protection policies in the producing countries are the main reason for such small scale of rice trading. In the past 5 years, India recorded the largest growth rate in rice exports (51.4%), whereas China showed the largest growth rate in imports (61.0%). For global utilization of milled rice during the same period, approximately 79.4% was used as food, 7.2% as animal feeds, and 1.4% for processing. Regionally, Asia has shown a similar pattern to the global rice usage, whereas utilization for processing in America, for food in Africa, and for animal feed in Europe was relatively higher than the global rice usage. Korea's cultivation area and production since the last 5 years, are 0.5% and 0.8% of those of the world, respectively. Its annual rice export is approximately 3,000 tons, which is 0.01% of the global rice export. Korea's rice utilization is high for food and low for feed and for processing relative to global rice utilization. Therefore, a review must be conducted to increase Korea's utilization of rice for processing and for feed production.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제88권1호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 경기도 가평, 광주, 그리고 충청북도 영동에 식재된 잣나무 인공조림지의 초기 생장 특성을 파악하고 환경 요인으로서 지역적 기후 조건이 잣나무 초기 생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 먼저 각 연구 지역의 임령별 생존본수, 평균 흉고직경, 평균 수고, ha당 흉고단면적, ha당 재적 등의 임분통계량을 측정 요약하였으며, 이에 근거하여 10년생부터 18년생까지 8년간의 초기생장에 대한 임분변수별 정기평균생장량을 파악하였다. 연구 대상지의 지역별 미기후는 지형과 기후치간의 관계를 이용한 지형기후학적 방법에 의하여 평균기온, 최고기온, 최저기온, 상대습도, 강수량, 그리고 일조시수의 월별 평년값을 추정하였다. 이들을 이용하여 임목생장에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되는 온량지수, 한랭지수, 건조지수 등의 17개 기후변수를 지역별로 도출하고 임분변수별 정기평균생장량과의 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 지역별 잣나무의 초기 생장은 경기도 가평과 광주의 순서로 우수하였으며, 충청북도 영동은 매우 저조한 성장을 보이고 있었다. 이러한 지역별 생장 특성은 각 연구 대상지의 미기후와 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있는데, 기온이 낮고 강수량이 많으며 비교적 높은 습도를 유지하는 지역이 잣나무 생장에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 직경생장, 단면적생장, 재적생장은 주로 강수량에 의하여 영향을 받으며, 수고생장은 기온이 낮으면서 강수량이 많은 지역에서 양호한 생장을 하는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2002

This study has been conducted with continuous dental sanitary education for primary school pupils for five years from 1997 through 2001, based on data obtained from a 97' survey on primary school pupils' recognition on dental hygiene education and their permanent dental health capacity. Following results were drawn through comparative analysis of data obtained during the survey period. Approx 70.77% of the examinees have experienced decay missing feeling (DMF) in the year 2001, suggesting a good effectiveness of dental hygiene education compared with 92.1 % of DMF rate in 1997. It has been found that pupils' knowledge and recognition on dental hygiene and management, etc were improved, as well as their eating habits and consciousness were changed. Comparative analysis of annual DMF showed that DMF rate, DMFT index, and DT rate were found to decrease every year, suggesting a improved dental health capacity. Grade level analysis revealed that DMFT index and DT rate were found to decrease every year during the survey period, suggesting pupils' dental management and consciousness were improved and changed. It has been found that DMF rate more significantly increased in a higher grade in 2001 than 1997. There was no difference in DMF rate between grades of primary school in 1997. However, in the year 2001 increment of approx 10% of DMF rate were observed in a higher grade.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제96권5호
• /
• pp.602-608
• /
• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 2010

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the growth pattern according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods: One hundred forty seven students in the first grade of high school were classified into three groups(So-yangin, So-eumin, Tae-eumin) by QSCC II. We obtained the growth distance curve and growth rate, annual increment based on the Health Record according to Sasang Constitution. Health Record ranged from the first grade of the elementary school to the first grade of high school. And we calculated the Body mass index(BMI) and Mid-parential height(MPH). 3. Results: In case of Male, So-eumin and Tae-eumin showed linear growth patterns, but So-yangin showed rapid growth from 13 to 14. In case of Female, all of the groups showed similar growth pattern. But Tae-eumin showed a more growth from 8 to 9 than So-yangin groups. 4. Conclusions: Growth Pattern seemed to be different according to Sasang Constitution.

• 한국관개배수논문집
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.32-44
• /
• 2014

In Korea, global warming caused by the climate changes impacted on weather system with increase in frequency and intensity of precipitation, and the rainfall pattern changes significantly by regional groups. Furthermore, it is expected that the regional and annual fluctuation ranges of the rainfall in the future would be more severe. Nowadays, agricultural drainage system designed by the existing standard of 20-year return period and 2 days of fixation time cannot deal with the increment rainfall such as localized heavy rain and local torrential rainfalls. Therefore, it is required to reinforce the standard of the drainage system in order to reduce the agricultural flood damage brought by unusual weather. In addition, it is needed to improve the standard of agricultural drainage design in order to cultivate farm products in paddy fields as facility vegetable cultivation and up-land field crop have been damaged by the moisture injury and flooding. In order to prepare for the changes of rainfall pattern due to climate changes and improve the agricultural drainage design standards by the increase of cultivating farm products, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of climate changes, the changes of relative design standard, and the analytic situation of agricultural flood damages, to consider the drainage design standard revision, and finally to prepare for enhanced agricultural drainage design standards.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2015

The study was performed to analyze the growth of the red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the Eastern Region of Korea. Stem profile data from a total of 8 dominant trees of which each tree represents its site were collected and used for the analysis. The stem volumes were calculated using Smalian's formula and much higher than the ones by Korea Forest Research Institute in larger than dbh 40 cm. The total bark volumes were more proportionally related to dbh and stem volume than to height and age. The bark thickness and volume decreased as relative height increases but increased as relative dbh increased. The average PAI of dbh and height reached the highest at 0.8 cm/yr (age 15) and at 0.45 m/yr (age 30) respectively, while the average PAI of volume steadily tended to increase up to age 80. The growth percentages of dbh, height and volume tended to decrease with age and volume growth percentage was higher than dbh and height.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.4-11
• /
• 1993

The Korean Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgical Society was founded in 1968. After the first Board Certified Examination in 1972, the Society consists of 592 members including 392 specialists [certified board members] now in 1992. Many of the great advances in cardiothoracic surgery were made by pioneering efforts of these members. The annual increment rate of certified board members in KTCSS [KTCSS Boardmen] was 11.9% which was slight greater than that of doctors [6.6%] and overall specialists [9.9%] in Korea. Their working territories were mainly urban areas [91.9%]. Some states showed regional discrepancy in supply/demand of KTCSS Boardmen. 56.1% of all [73.5% of active members] was working at a larger institute than general hospital. There were 99 institutes [41university hospitals and 58 general hospitals] and 76 private clinics where KTCSS Boardmen were employed, and more than three quarters of those institutes have less than 3 in number of KTCSS Boardmen. The rate of practicing private clinics was declined from over than 50% of the beginning to less than 30% now. We propose this survey for a basic data for specialist supply/demand and resident training program.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1994

The effects of fetilization on the structure and function of an early successional Miscanthus sinensis grassland were investigated in an old-field ecosystem at Honjo city, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1981 to 1982. Compared to control plot, life form composition of treatment plot was characterized by a decrease of phanerophytes and an increase of hemicryptophytes. Fertilization had a beneficial effect on the growth in aboveground phytomass of M. sinensis, the dominant species. However, it did not cause a change in the total number of stems of M. sinensis. Annual increment of patch diameter of M. sinensis was estimated to be 6-8 cm on an average and there was no significant differecne in the growth rate of patch size between fertilized and nonfertilized plots. To estimate the aboveground phytomass of M. sinensis, several non-destructive parameters were examined. As a result, the patch size showed a high correlation with aboveground phytomass. Thus the patch size was suggested to be most applicable to its estimation. Diversity indices based on phytomass data of component species were increased slightly by fertilizatin, because relative dominance of some other species, especially of Artemisia princeps increased, while that of M. sinensis decreased. Fertilizer application resulted in a decrease in the total number of species.