• 생태와환경
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2022

Monitoring and assessing aquatic ecosystems using the behavior of organisms is essential for sustainable ecosystem management. Oligochaetes, which inhabit various freshwater ecosystems, are frequently used to evaluate the environmental conditions of freshwater ecosystems. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) is tolerant to organic pollution and has been used to evaluate the toxicity of toxicants, including heavy metals. We studied the behavioral responses of T. tubifex to three different copper concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L^-1). The specimens were exposed to copper in an observation cage containing 150 mL of dechlorinated water. Movement behavior (diameter, speed, acceleration, meander, and turning rate) was continuously observed for two hours before and after the copper treatments. After the treatments, the diameter shrank and showed rapid twisting movement under all the copper conditions. The turning rate had a positive correlation with meander and acceleration both before and after treatment at all three concentrations, whereas speed and meander had a negative correlation. Length and turning rate also showed a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient between speed and acceleration in the highest copper concentration changed from positive before treatment (r=0.64) to negative (r= -0.52) after treatment. Our results present the possibility of using behavioral parameters to detect copper contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.530-541
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• 2014

The dredge gear is dragged along the bottom of the sea to catch targeted edible bottom dwelling species. Species composition and ecological index of the catches of dredge were estimated around Gangneung coastal fishing ground by dredge with different mesh size and tooth space from July to December 2013. Eight different types of dredge including four different tooth space (24.7 mm, 29.9 mm, 34.9 mm, 40.1 mm) and four different mesh size(15.5 mm, 32.7 mm, 51.1 mm, 60.0 mm) were used in the experiment. During the experiment, total catches were collected 31 species as sipunculida 1 species, mollusca 13 species, annelida 3 species, arthropoda 8 species, echinodermata 4 species and others 2 species. The dominant genus were mollusca and echinodermata while the dominant species were Megangulus venulosus, Pseudocardium sachalinensis, Schaphechinus brevis. The richness index was ranged 1.29-1.72, evenness index was 0.6-0.65 and diversity index was 1.65-1.83 according to the tooth space and mesh size of dredge. Richness index, diversity index were high at tooth space 34.9 mm dredge and ecological index showed decreasing tendency with the increasing of mesh size of dredge. Cluster and MDS analysis, based on a Bray-Curtis and similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and wet weight, showed division into four different groups as four different tooth space (Group A), four different mesh size Group B (51.1 mm, 60.0 mm), Group C (32.7 mm) and Group D (15.5 mm).

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

본 연구는 상류부터 하류까지 오염도가 상이한 진위천에서 나타나는 생물군집지수와 수질과의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 실시되었다. 수질의 오염도가 증가할수록 하루살이류는 감소하였으며, 날도래류는 강부수성 수역에서 전혀 출현하지 않았다. 반면 환형동물류는 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며 파리류는 강부수성 수역에서 크게 증가하였다. 상관분석의 결과, 종풍부도지수(RI)와 ESB는 $BOD_5$와 부유물질 (SS)에 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 우점도지수 (DI), 다양도지수(H'), EPT, KSI는 $BOD_5$에만 유의성을 보였고 균등도지수 (J)는 두 항목 모두와 유의성을 보이지 않았다. EPT의 경우 수질과 더불어 물리적 요인에도 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 판단된다. 오탁계급치의 평균치로 산정되는 KSI의 경우 유기물 오염에 대한 지표로서 적용성이 높으나 부유물질의 영향은 나타내지 못하는 반면 ESB 지수는 유기물과 무기물 오염은 물론 군집의 다양성과 풍부도도 함께 대변할 수 있는 지표로 판단된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2015

Species composition and bycatch rate of the catches by dredge with bycatch reduction device to reduce bycatch were estimated around Yeongil Bay, Korea at June, 2015. Total catches were collected 31 species as Chordata 10 species, mollusca 8 species, arthropoda 6 species, echinodermata 5 species, sipunculida 1 species, annelida 1 species during the experiment at the Yeongil Bay. The dominant species were Scapharca broughtonii, Callithaca adamsi, and Atrina pectinata and they reached 79.9% of the total catch. The catch rate of Scapharca broughtonii and Callithaca adamsi was 69.6% and 10.4% respectively. The rate of bycatch was 20.1%, consisted with Echinodemata 13.0%, Chordata 3.6%. The catch of ordinary dredge was 27 species 1,307 number 85,052g and that of dredge with escapement device was 21 species 1,690 number 91,648g. In conclusion, the dredge gear with bycatch reduction device has higher catch rate of target species and lower bycatch rate to non-target species than ordinary one.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2012

하수처리시 사용하는 무기 응집제인 알럼과 철염이 지렁이 개체군에 미치는 생태독성학적인 영향을 평가하였다. 여지접촉법에 의한 급성독성 평가에서 Alum과 Ferric chloride의 줄지렁이에 대한 반수치 사농도(LC50)는 각각 457.4 mg $kg^{-1}$, 1,665.2 mg $kg^{-1}$로 Alum의 독성이 Ferric chloride보다 강한것으로 나타났다. Alum은 줄지렁이 산란수, 부화율, 난포당 부화개체수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. Ferric chloride의 경우 난포당 부화개체수에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 산란수와 부화율을 감소시켰다. Alum 또는 Ferric chloride를 첨가한 먹이를 공급한 줄지렁이는 차세대 발육 유충수가 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 무기응집제인 Alum과 Ferric chloride가 함유된 슬러지를 지렁이에게 급이할 경우 이것들이 줄지렁이 개체군 사멸현상을 유발하는 원인물질중 하나일 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
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• pp.92-97
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• 2003

Community structure of macrobenthos was studied on Angol clam farming ground of Chinhae Bay in the southern coast of Korea. Macrobenthos samples were collected monthly using a quadrate at each station from March 1998. Macrobenthos samples were seived by 1.0mm mesh seive. Mean grain size was 0.267 mm. A total of 111 macrobenthos species were sampled with a mean density of 1,651ind/m$^2$and biomass of 1466.7wwt.g/m$^2$. Annelida was density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of 818ind/m$^2$, comprising of 49.6% of the total density of the macrobenthos. It was followed by Mollusca with 660ind/m$^2$(40.0%). Mollusca was biomass-dominant faunal group. Major dominant species in the number of individual were Ruditapes philippinarum (375ind/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (208ind/m$^2$), Cirrformia tentaculata (167ind/m$^2$), Ceratonereis erithraeensis (151ind/m$^2$), Capitella capitata (111ind/m$^2$) and Sigambra tentaculata (91ind/m$^2$). Major dominant species in the biomass were Ruditapes philippinarum (1156.6wwt.g/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (111.0wwt.g/m$^2$) and Cyclina sinenis (106.2wwt.g/m$^2$). The species diversity was increased gradually during the study period. Increasing of species diversity was due to not only increasing of number of species but also decreasing of dominance of some polycheates. Contents of silt-clay was increased gradually in the intertidal zone.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-54
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• 2013

Surveys on Jeju-do (Quelpart Isl.) unearthed about 40 earthworm species or sub-species. Several considered new to science are described. Only a dozen were previously known and these are taxonomically reviewed. The two most commonly recorded in surveys by S. Kobayashi in the 1930s were Drawida anchingiana Chen, 1933 and Metaphire quelparta (Kobayashi, 1937), neither recently relocated. Morphologically similar taxa, supported with DNA barcodes, for Moniligastridae, are Drawida anchingiana seogwipo, D. anchingiana halla and D. iucn spp. or sub-spp. nov. For Megascolecidae, new taxa and synonyms are: Amynthas arx and A. aucklandis spp. nov. that have seminal grooves rather than the eversible male pores of Metaphire plus Amynthas simplex is another new species. Amynthas sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 is recognized as a probable new synonym within the A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) species-group while Amynthas corticis saeseum sub-sp nov. is described. Amynthas gracilis (Kinberg, 1867) is a new record from Jeju and Korea (with A. bouchei, A. omodeoi and A. edwardsi all by Zhao & Qiu, 2009 possible synonyms of this species group from China) with a Jejuan sub-species, A. gracilis insularum, sub-sp. nov. Presence on Jeju of Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) is confirmed (its further new synonyms are Chinese A. fuscus Qiu & Sun, 2012 and A. taiwumontis Shen et al., 2013), as is A. micronarius (Goto & Hatai, 1898) (with new synonym A. montanus Qiu & Sun, 2012 also an invalid secondary homonym). Amynthas phaselus maculosus (Hatai, 1930) is in new combination with A. kamitai (Kobayashi, 1934) and A. minjae Hong, 2001 syns. nov. Two newly described Metaphire quelparta sub-spp are M. q. seogwipo and M. q. valhalla these being supported with DNA barcodes despite the nominal taxon not yet being confirmed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.190-203
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• 2021

Water quality, benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and other factors were investigated to explore the effects of the effluent discharge from a sewage treatment plant into Jwagwang stream in Busan in 2019. During the study period, the flow rate of this stream was in the range of 10,400 m³/day to 52,200 m³/day except for the discharge of about 24,000 m³/day of the effluent. After discharge, the flow velocity increased by about 65% and the water depth increased by about 40%. At sites downstream of the discharge point, BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P, and other water quality values were worse than those of the upstream sites. The periphytic algal chlorophyll-a concentrations in the natural substrata were higher than those of the upstream sites, especially in May and August. However, at sites downstream of the discharge point, the individual numbers of Annelida were decreased and individual numbers of the insecta of arthropoda were increased. Also, species numbers and the diversity and dominance indexes were improved in the sites downstream of the discharge point. The functional feeding groups (FFGs) of collector-filterers were increased and the habitat orientation groups (HOGs) of sprawlers, burrowers, and clingers were especially increased at the sites with additional reclaimed wastewater effluent flow. Regardless of the effluent discharge, BMI, an indicator of ecological stream health using benthic macroinvertebrate species, did not show large gaps between the study points. Although the water quality of the sites downstream of the discharge point was much worse than those upstream, their ecosystem soundness was better than those of the upstream sites from an ecological perspective.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

본 연구는 2009년 5월부터 9월까지 경기도 수원시 당수동에 자연분해비닐을 피복한 논의 저서성대형무척추동물의 종류와 군집구조 영향을 파악하기 위해 조사하였다. 실험구는 5개로 왕우렁이농법(GF), 자연분해비닐+유기농법(NOF), 자연분해비닐+화학농업(NCF), 관행농법(CF), 무처리구(NF)를 설정하였다. 조사결과 저서성대형무척추동물의 종수와 개체수 각각 NOF>GF>NF>NCF>CF, NOF>NCF>CF>NF>GF순으로 나타났다. 우점도지수(DI)는 각 실험구에서 0.43~0.95로 나타났으며, 평균 우점도지수는 GF>NCF>NF=CF>NOF 순으로 각각 나타났다. 종다양도지수(H')는 0.49~2.93로 나타났으며, 평균 종다양도지수는 NOF>NF>GF>CF>NCF 순으로 각각 나타났다. 비닐 피복 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 저서생물은 조금씩 회복이 되어가는 경향이 있었으나, 거머리류와 수서딱정벌레류가 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 비닐피복에 의해 민감하게 반응한 분류군은 환형동물문과 연체동물문이었으며 피복 후 종수와 특히 개체수가 매우 떨어졌으며, 이후 종수는 회복되는 경향이 있었으나 개체수는 줄어들었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2007

셀룰로오스 가수분해효소의 하나인 endo-${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucanase의 유전자를 지렁이 Eisenia anderi의 중장으로부터 클로닝하여 EaEG2와 EaEG3로 명명하였다. 두 유전자의 염기는 1368bp이며, 개시코돈을 포함하여 456개의 아미노산을 코딩한다. N-말단 지역의 20개 잔기들은 signal peptide이다. 두 유전자의 전체 아미노산 염기서열은 glycosyl hydrolase family 9에 속하며, 같은 종류의 셀룰로오스 가수분해효소를 분비하는 흰개미, 바퀴벌레, 가재 그리고 연체동물과 51-55%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 지렁이의 EaEG2와 EaEG3는 가수분해활성에 중요한 세 부분이 잘 보존되어 있다. 아미노산 염기서열을 이용한 계통수 분석에서 GHF9 그룹은 절지동물, 박테리아, 식물, 환형동물 및 연체동물의 5개 그룹으로 분석되었다.