• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2014.03a
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• pp.287-299
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• 2014

Bicarbonate anion ($HCO_3{^-}$) takes the role of major buffer systems in our body by maintaining the pH at 7.4. Epithelial $HCO_3{^-}$ secretion also hydrolyzes the mucus which protects body from noxious infections. It has been widely known that such infections are closely related to $HCO_3{^-}$ permeability through membrane and, thus, increasing the $HCO_3{^-}$ permeability is essential. To evaluate the $HCO_3{^-}$ permeability through ion channels, the free energy changes relevant to ion pumping are calculated with the Integral Equation Formalism-PCM (IEF-PCM) theory. Molecular structures of various anions including $HCO_3{^-}$ were optimized with the density functional theory at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) in gas and solution phase. In addition, the anion permeability is significantly influenced by the relative size of the anion and pore. We introduce a shifted volume factor model that describes the pore size effect when the charged solutes transfer through ion channels. We found excellent agreement between experimental and calculated permeability when our novel model of the size effect was taken into account to.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.257-262
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• 2018

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as highly promising opto-electronic materials. Despite the relative facile anion exchange reactions in cesium lead halide perovskite QDs, in depth study of the anion exchange reactions such as reaction kinetics are required that can provide insight into the crystal transformation in the cesium lead halide perovskite QDs. Herein, we investigated the anion exchange reaction from $CsPbI_3$ QDs to $CsPbBr_3$ QDs with varying the particle size of the starting $CsPbI_3$ QDs. By characterizing the PL spectra in the anion exchange reaction process, we observed that discontinuous PL peak shifts during I-to-Br anion exchange reaction in starting $CsPbI_3$ QDs over a critical size. Origin of the discontinuous I-to-Br anion exchange kinetics are mainly due to thermodynamically unstable nature of the $CsPb(Br/I)_3$ alloy QDs.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

The pitting behaviours of 304L and 316L stainless steels were investigated at $3^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ in 1 M solutions of NaCl, NaBr and NaI by potentiodynamic polarization. The temperature dependences of the pitting potential varied according to the anion, being near linear in bromide but exponential in chloride. As a result, at low temperatures grades 304L and 316L steel are most susceptible to pitting by bromide ions, while at high temperatures both stainless steels were more susceptible to pitting by small chloride anions than the larger bromide and iodide. Thus, increasing temperature appears to favour attack by smaller anions. This paper will attempt to rationalise both of the above findings in terms of the point defect model. Initial findings are that qualitatively this approach can be reasonably successful, but not at the quantitative level, possibly due to insufficient data on the mechanical properties of thin passive films.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.166-166
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• 2000

We studied electronic structure of magnetic semiconductors EuO, EuS, and EuTe. The photoemission spectra show localized Eu 4f states and broad anion p bands. As the size of anion increases from oxygen to tellurium, anion p band width increases and eventually overlaps Eu 4f states. Hence in EuO and EuS, Eu 4f states are the highest occupied stated lying above anion p band, while Te 5p band spreads widely over Eu 4f states to become valence band maximum in EuTe. It was also observed that Eu 4f states have width of 0.7eV and dispersion of 0.2eV in EuS by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The width of the 4f spectra mainly originates from atomic multiplets, but the much larger dispersion than that of Eu metal is due to p-f mixing.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2016

The anodization of ADC12 aluminum alloy was investigated in the metal anionic acid media. Anodic oxide films containing foreign elements were formed on ADC12 Al alloy by anodization in the anion complex solution. Furthermore, the rough surface and cracks were considerably smoothened by the deposit of metal anions. When the size of metal anion was small, relatively large amount of metal anions was loaded in anodic films. Existence of $MoO_3$, $TiO_2$ and MgO was confirmed by XPS. According to the results of Tafel analysis, Mo oxide represented the most noble anti-corrosion potential due to $MoS_2$ formation. Corrosion current densities were generally higher than that of pristine anodic oxide without anion complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.303-311
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to investigate characteristic changes on nonwoven fabric by the charcoal printing. It separate grind charcoal as two different size of particles 45-52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 53-65${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for hand screen printing on three kind of nonwoven fabrics. To examine the effect of charcoal printing on nonwoven fabric were to obselve surface changes by a scanning electron microscope, dyeability by using spectrophotometer, moisture regain by oven method, air permeability, anion property, deodoriration and antibacterial activity. The results were as follows： When charcoal powder concentration increased from 3 to 9％, K/S value also increased from 3.06 to 8.55. When charcoal concentration increased, moisture regain also increased. In same concentration, moisture regain occurred higher as particle of small size. Air permeability decreased when the charcoal printing concentration increased. Anion occurrence appeared 140-160ion/cc from three different kinds of nonwoven fabrics in 3％ and 9％ charcoal concentration. Therefore, occurred anion ineffectively. In concentration of 3％, rate of deodorization measured as 89％, 83％ and 87％, and 9％ concentration caused 96％, 86％ and 93％ of high deodorization. Antibacterial activity examination in nonfinished nonwoven fabric resulted range of 60％, however, 3％ and 9％ concentration finished nonwoven fabric resulted 99.9％ of excellent antibacterial activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

Synthetic layered double hydroxides (LDHs), [$Mg_4Al_2(OH)_{12}]CO_3{\cdot}nH_2O$, were prepared in the submicron size of plate-like polycrystals. Anion-exchange reactions with various linear dicarboxylic acids were performed to produce LDH/organic hybrid materials by solvothermal treatment in toluene. X-ray powder diffraction spectra for the products indicated that the interlayer spacings of LDHs remarkably changed, up to 20 $\AA$ when 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid anions were intercalated as an organic guest. Dicarboxylates-LDHs samples could be also re-exchanged consecutively with other dicarboxylic acids or carbonate without serious destruction of layer structure under the scanning electron microscopic observation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.597-601
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• 1995

The transfer of chloride ion across an anion exchange membrane (AEM) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra. In CV experiment, when the size of the hole in membrane was much smaller than the distance between membrane holes, the Cl anion transfer showed steady state voltammetric behavior. Each hole in membrane can be regarded as a microelectrode and the membrane was equivalent to a microelectrode array in this condition. When the hole in membrane was large or the distance between membrane holes was small, the CV curve of the Cl anion transfer across membrane showed peak shape, which attributed to linear diffusion. In ac impedance measurement, the impedance spectrum of the membrane system was composed of two semicircles at low de bias, corresponding to the bulk characteristics of the membrane and the kinetic process of ion transfer, respectively. The bulk membrane resistance increases with increasing dc bias and only one semicircle was observed at higher dc bias. The parameters related to kinetic and membrane properties were discussed.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

Surface site and areas of particles are geometrically calculated for the cubic structures to investigate how the surface sites vary with the variation of morphology and particle size. The numbers of surface site and area become smaller when the particles become equi-dimensional shape. The ratios of surface site to surface area are almost constant except the case of anion of fluorite structure. The ratios of the number of surface site to area are almost constant regardless of particle size except the size of up to 5 to 10 times of the unit cell dimension. This quantification method can be used to obtain data related to the surface reaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.276-283
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to investigate characteristic changes on nonwoven fabric for disposable work clothes by the yellow soil printing. It separate grind yellow soil as two different size of particles $45\sim52{\mu}m$ and $53\sim65{\mu}m$ for hand screen printing on three kind of nonwoven fabrics. To examine the effect of yellow soil printing on nonwoven fabric were to observe, dyeability by using spectrophotometer, moisture regain by oven method, air permeability, anion property and antibacterial activity. The results were as follows: When yellow soil concentration increased from 5 to 10%, K/S value also increased from 1.05 to 1.88. When yellow soil concentration increased, moisture regain also increased. In same concentration, moisture regain occurred higher as particle of small size. Air permeability decreased when the charcoal printing concentration increased. Anion occurrence appeared $140\sim160ion/cc$ from three different kinds of nonwoven fabrics in 3% and 9% yellow soil concentration. Therefore, occurred anion ineffectively. In concentration of 3%, rate of deodorization measured as 89%, 83% and 87%, and 9% concentration caused 96%, 86% and 93% of high deodorization. Antibacterial activity examination in nonfinished nonwoven fabric resulted range of 60%, however, 3% and 9% concentration finished nonwoven fabric resulted 99.9% of excellent antibacterial activity Surface temperature increased $1.5\sim2^{\circ}C$ by yellow soil finishing.