• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.694-698
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• 2006

A method has been described for the chemical speciation, preconcentration and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in filtered tannery waste waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using ion-exchange resins. Amberlite IR-120($H^+$) strongly acidic cation exchanger and Amberlite IRA-410($CI ^-$) strongly basic anion exchanger resins were used for the separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species, respectively. Optimum condition for preconcentration and speciation was obtained by testing pH of sample and eluent, flow rates of sample and eluent, amount of resins, volume of sample and eluents, and effect of foreign ions. The recommended method has been successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of chromium species in the dissolved phase of waste water samples collected from a tannery waste water treatment plant in Kayseri, Turkey. The detection limits achieved were 0.73 $\mu$g/L for Cr(III) and 0.81 $\mu$g/L for Cr(VI). Recovery studies showed 99% for Cr(III) and 98% for Cr(VI), for samples spiked with single species.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Ion chromatographic method has been applied for burnup measurement of irradiated nuclear fuel by dynamic system using 1-octanesulfonate as a cation exchanger and $\alpha$-hydroxyisobutyric acid as an eluant. A number of elution techniques were evaluated for the optimum separation of plutonium, uranium and neodymium. These elements were individually separated and collected by gradient elution between 0.05 M and 0.40 M of $\alpha$-hydroxyisobutyric acid in a single column, and finally determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The burnup data from this method were compared with those from conventional anion exchange method. The results showed a good agreement within 3.5 % of difference between two methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.775-782
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• 2009

PP-g-AA-Am nonwoven fabric, which possess anionic exchangeable function, was prepared by chemical modification of carboxyl (-COOH) group of PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric to amine ($-NH_2$) group using diethylene triamine (DETA). Its adsorption characteristics for anionic nutrients including isotherm, kinetics and co-anions were studied by batch adsorption experiments. Adsorption equilibriums of $PO_4$-P on PP-g-AA-Am fabric were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, and their adsorption energies were ranged 10.3 kJ/mol indicating an ion-exchange process as primary adsorption mechanism. The adsorption selectivity of PP-g-AA-Am nonwoven fabric for anions under competition with each other was in following order: $SO_4\;^{2-}$>$PO_4\;^{3-}$>$NO_3\;^-$>$NO_2\;^-$. Also, all results obtained from this study indicate that the $PO_4$-P removal capacity of PP-g-AA-Am nonwoven fabric was extremely superior to that of PA308 anion-exchange resin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.533-537
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• 2001

${\alpha}$-lactalbumin and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin in whey proteins were separated by high performance membrane chromatography (HPMC). The separation mechanism involved anion-exchange, and the stationary phase was anion CIM (Convective Interaction Media) DEAE, QA disk and cation exchanger SO$_3$(16${\times}$3 mm). Two types of mobile phase were used, buffer A (20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 7.3) and buffer B(buffer A + 1 M NaCl), As the amount of NaCl dissolved in buffer linearly increased, which enabled a gradient elution mode. The optimum mobile phase and operating condition (Buffer A/Buffer B = 100/0 - 30/70 vol%, gradient time 1 min, 30/70 - 10/90 vol.%, gradient time 2 min) were experimentally determined. In this experimental condition, ${\alpha}$-lacta1bumin, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin were separated within 5 min at a mobile phase flow rate of 4 mL/min.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is the development of more effective filter-type polymer adsorbent for removal of anionic pollutants from wastewater. In order to synthesize the polymer adsorbent that possesses anionic exchangeable function, carboxyl(-COOH) group of PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric was converted into amine($-NH_2$) group by the chemical modification using diethylene triamine(DETA). FT-IR data indicate that amine group was introduced into PP-g-AA through amidation of grafted acrylic acid by reaction with DETA. The degree of amination increased with increase in the reaction time and temperature of the chemical modification process, and was significantly improved by the pre-swelling treatment of PP-g-AA with solvent and addition of metal chlorides as a catalyst in following order as $NH_4OH>MeOH{\geq}HCl{\geq}H_2O\;and\;AlCl_3>FeCl_3{\geq}SnCl_2{\gg}ZnCl_2{\geq}FeCl_2$, respectively. However, the addition of catalyst limited the reusability of DETA, hence was less useful from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness and waste management. The anion exchange capacity of the aminated PP-g-AA(PP-g-AA-Am) increased with increase in the degree of amination, but it reached maximum value at the degree of amination as about $50{\sim}60%$. The anion exchange capacity of PP-g-AA-Am was higher than those of commercial anion resins.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.4 s.136
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• pp.157-160
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• 2005

A 29kDa cysteine protease of Taenia solium metacestodes was purified by Mono Q anion-exchanger and Superose 6 HR gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was effectively inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitors, such as iodoacetic acid (IAA) and trans-epoxy-succinyl-L-leucyl-amido (4-guanidino) butane (E-64) while inhibitors acting on serine- or metallo-proteases did not affect the enzyme activity. The purified enzyme degraded human immunoglobulin G (IgG), collagen and bovine serum albumin (BSA), but human IgG was more susceptible for proteolysis by the enzyme. To define the precise biological roles of the enzyme, more detailed biochemical and functional studies would be required.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.711-714
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• 2004

Peroxynitrite enters erythrocytes through band 3 anion exchanger and oxidizes cytosolic proteins therein. As a protein associated with band 3, carbonic anhydrase II may suffer from peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damages. Esterase activity of carbonic anhydrase II decreased as the concentration of peroxynitrite increased. Neither hydrogen peroxide nor hypochlorite affected the enzyme activity. Inactivation of the enzyme was in parallel with the release of zinc ion, which is a component of the enzyme's active site. SDS-PAGE of peroxynitrite-treated samples showed no indication of fragmentation but non-denaturing PAGE exhibited new bands with lower positive charges. Western analysis demonstrated that nitration of tyrosine residues increased with the peroxynitrite concentration but the sites of nitration could not be determined. Instead MALDI-TOF analysis identified tryptophan-245 as a site of nitration. Such modification of tryptophan residues is responsible for the decrease in tryptophan fluorescence. These results demonstrate that peroxynitrite nitrates tyrosine and tryptophan residues of carbonic anhydrase II without causing fragmentation or dimerization. The peroxynitrite-induced inactivation of the enzyme is primarily due to the release of zinc ion in the enzyme's active site.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1980

Seeds or beans of 55 plants belonging to 31 families were screened by using several different types of red blood cells to find new lectins. In this paper, white kidney been (phaseolus vulgaris C.) was chosen to study biochemical properties of hemagglutinating proteins(lectins). An anion exchanger, DEAE Sephadex A-50, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis were main techniques used. From three main fractions eluted by stepwise NaCl gradient in 25mM Tris-HCI buffer on DEAE Sephadex column, principal lectin was identified.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.857-862
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• 1999

Aminated poly(ether sulfone)(APES) was prepared by amination of nitrated poly(ether sulfone)(NPES) after poly(ether sulfone)(PES) was nitrated with mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid(sulfuric acid is a catalyst). As a results of the FT-IR spectrum analysis, the nitration of PES was confirmed by the bands of asymmetric stretching and symmetric stretching of $NO_2$ group at 1537 and $1351cm^{-1}$, respectively. Also when the NPES was aminated, it was disappeared to absorbance peaks of $NO_2$ group. And It was confirmed by the bands of asymmetric stretching and symmetric stretching of $NH_2$ group at 3470 and $3374cm^{-1}$, respectively. The optimum condition of the nitration on PES(5 g; 21.55 mmol.) was 12 hr of reaction time, $120^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, nitric acid of 28.00 mmol. and sulfuric acid of 52.00 mmol. As a result of the elemental analysis of APES, reapeating unit per amine groups were induced to 0.89. The adsorption rate of NO gas was lower than that of silica gel and active carbon. But the adsorption capacity of NO gas was higher than that of these. When the APES was absorbed to NO gas, the chemical adsorption rate was lower than the physical adsorption rate. But the chemical adsorption capacity of it was higher than physical adsorption capacity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

Ion exchange fibers, high functionalized onto hybrid polyolefine fiber's surface, were synthesized by $\gamma-ray$ mutual radiation. Degree of grafting (DG) of copolymer increased with increasing GMA monomer concentration and the maximum rate of DG was 355% at 50 GMA. The graft reaction occurred in polar solvent and DG was 190% maximum value in $1.0\times10^{-3}$ Mohr's salt and 0.1 M sulfuric acid, respectively. The amination for graft copolymers varied depending on amine reagents, and the reactivity for copolymers was highest for methylamine, and that of triethylamine lowest. It was shown that water uptake and ion exchange capacities increased with increase in the rate of amination while surface area decreased rapidly as proceeding for graft reaction and amination.