• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1691-1698
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• 2020

Objective: The study sought to estimate the relationship between body surface temperature (BST) and temperature humidity index (THI) and to present the validity of THI as a heat stress index in the field. Methods: Eight Hanwoo heifers (20 to 32 month) were examined in a field trial, with a space allowance of 10 ㎡ per head. The BST was measured using an infrared thermographic camera. The BST of five body regions (eyes, hindquarters, nose, part of horns, and ears), ambient temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH) were measured 7 times daily (07, 09, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 h) during each season with three replicates. Results: The THI ranged 34.0 to 56.9 during spring (AT, -1.0℃ to 13.4℃), 75.1 to 84.7 during summer (AT, 24.9℃ to 33.6℃), 55.8 to 70.9 during autumn (AT, 13.0℃ to 26.0℃) and 17.5 to 39.2 during winter (AT, -10.4℃ to 1.0℃). In the regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R²) between THI and BST was 0.88, 0.72, 0.83, 0.86, and 0.85 for the eyes, hindquarters, nose, part of horn, and ears area, respectively. This indicates that BST has a strong correlation with AT and RH. Expression equations were estimated as Y (THI) = 31.54+0.1085X (BST of eyes) and Y (THI) = 30.48+0.1147X (BST of hindquarters) by simple linear regression analysis in this experiment. Conclusion: Consequently, the upper bound for heat stress estimation can be specified ranging from THI of 65 (eyes) to 70 (hindquarters). From this we can expect a precise feeding system for Korean native cattle in the field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to underline that litter size as a key trait of sows needs new parameters to be evaluated and to target an individual optimum. Large individual variation in litter size affects both production and piglet's survival and health negatively. Therefore, two new traits were suggested and analyzed. Two data sets on 5509 purebred German Landrace sows and 3926 Large White and crossing sows including at least two parental generations and at least five parities were subjected to variance components analysis. Results: The new traits for evaluating litter size were derived from the individual numbers of total born piglets (TBP) per parity: In most cases, sows reach their maximum litter size in their fourth parity. Therefore, data from at least five parities were included. The first observable maximum and minimum of TBP, and the individual variation expressed by the range were targeted. Maximum of TBP being an observable trait in pig breeding and management yielded clearly higher heritability estimates ($h^2{\sim}0.3$) than those estimates predominantly reported so far. Maximum TBP gets closer to the genetic capacity for litter size than other litter traits. Minimum of TBP is positively correlated with the range of TBP ($r_p=0.48$, $r_g$ > 0.6). The correlation between maximum of TBP and its individually reached frequency was negative in both data sets ($r_p=-0.28$ and - 0.22, respectively). Estimated heritability coefficients for the range of TBP comprised a span of $h^2=0.06$ to 0.10. Conclusion: An optimum both for maximum and range of total born piglets in selecting sows is a way contributing to homogenous litters in order to improving the animal-related conditions both for piglets' welfare and economic management in pig.

• 철학연구
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• 제143권
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• pp.87-118
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• 2017

이 논문에서 필자는 피터 싱어의 인간 개념에서 발견되는 몇 가지 이론적인 모순점들을 보여줄 것이다. 싱어는 인간을 한편으로는 자연에 종속된 존재로 간주하면서 다른 한편으로는 초월적인 존재로 간주한다. 이것이 그의 인간개념의 첫 번째 비일관성이다. 그의 두 번째 비일관성은 이성의 능력에 대한 그의 입장과 관련되어 있다. 그는 이성의 능력이 진화의 산물이라고 믿으면서 동시에 이성능력은 진화의 맹목성에 저항할 수 있는 능력이라고 믿기도 한다. 세 번째로, 인간의 도덕능력에 대한 평가에 있어서도 그는 모순적인 태도를 노출하고 있다. 이 세 가지 모순들을 고려한다면, 싱어는 인간과 동물 간에는 질적인 차이가 없다는 자신의 주장을 증명하지 못했다는 사실이 분명해진다. 싱어의 이론이 대중들의 호응을 얻고 있음에도 불구하고, 필자는 그의 동물해방론의 이론적 기초가 꽤나 허약하다고 생각한다. 필자가 싱어 이론의 약점을 드러내는 이유는 인간이 동물을 무자비하게 다루는 관행으로 로 되돌아가기 위함이 아니라, 동물복지의 미명하에서 인간의 존엄성을 파괴하는 것이 잘못임을 보이기 위함이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.681-692
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• 2021

Environment, food, and disease have a selective force on the present and future as well as our genome. Adaptation of livestock and the environmental nexus, including forest encroachment for anthropological needs, has been proven to cause emerging infectious diseases. Further, these demand changes in meat production and market systems. Meat is a reliable source of protein, with a majority of the world population consumes meat. To meet the increasing demands of meat production as well as address issues, such as current environmental pollution, animal welfare, and outbreaks, cellular agriculture has emerged as one of the next industrial revolutions. Lab grown meat or cell cultured meat is a promising way to pursue this; however, it still needs to resemble traditional meat and be assured safety for human consumption. Further, to mimic the palatability of traditional meat, the process of cultured meat production starts from skeletal muscle progenitor cells isolated from animals that proliferate and differentiate into skeletal muscle using cell culture techniques. Due to several lacunae in the current approaches, production of muscle replicas is not possible yet. Our review shows that constant research in this field will resolve the existing constraints and enable successful cultured meat production in the near future. Therefore, production of cultured meat is a better solution that looks after environmental issues, spread of outbreaks, antibiotic resistance through the zoonotic spread, food and economic crises.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2021

Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), which contain immature oocytes, are matured in vitro for in vitro embryo production. Oocyte and cumulus cells are then separated using hyaluronidase. To date, there have only been a few reported cases of the toxic effects of hyaluronidase on porcine oocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of bovine testis-derived hyaluronidase and recombinant human hyaluronidase on oocyte denudation and quality. Porcine COCs were matured for 44 h and denuded using different hyaluronidase concentrations and exposure times. Then, oocytes were activated by electrical parthenogenesis. In experiment 1, COCs were denuded using bovine-derived, ovine-derived (Hirax), and human recombinant (ALT-BC4) hyaluronidases for 10 and 20 min. In experiment 2, bovine-derived and human recombinant (ALT-BC4 and ICSI Cumulase®) hyaluronidases were used to denude the COCs for 2 and 20 min. In both experiments the oocytes were all completely denuded, and there was no degeneration. Rate of embryo development was significantly increased in group treated ALT-BC4 for 2 min and not significantly different in other treatment groups. In general it slightly decreased with longer exposure times. These results have confirmed that different sources of hyaluronidase do not have detrimental effects on the quality of porcine oocytes and suggest that the human recombinant hyaluronidase ALT-BC4 is suitable for oocyte denudation with an increased blastocyst rate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 2021

Feeding is the most important behavior that represents the health and welfare of weanling pigs. The early detection of feed refusal is crucial for the control of disease in the initial stages and the detection of empty feeders for adding feed in a timely manner. This paper proposes a real-time technique for the detection and recognition of small pigs using a deep-leaning-based method. The proposed model focuses on detecting pigs on a feeder in a feeding position. Conventional methods detect pigs and then classify them into different behavior gestures. In contrast, in the proposed method, these two tasks are combined into a single process to detect only feeding behavior to increase the speed of detection. Considering the significant differences between pig behaviors at different sizes, adaptive adjustments are introduced into a you-only-look-once (YOLO) model, including an angle optimization strategy between the head and body for detecting a head in a feeder. According to experimental results, this method can detect the feeding behavior of pigs and screen non-feeding positions with 95.66%, 94.22%, and 96.56% average precision (AP) at an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and an additional layer and with the proposed activation function, respectively. Drinking behavior was detected with 86.86%, 89.16%, and 86.41% AP at a 0.5 IoU threshold for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and the proposed activation function, respectively. In terms of detection and classification, the results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method yields higher precision and recall compared to conventional methods.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.970-984
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• 2022

Thermal stress is a tremendous health predicament encountered by poultry farmers with adverse effects on the performance, product stature, health condition, survival, and overall welfare of poultry birds, and so requires urgent dietary user-friendly strategy to curb. This study was conducted with 200-day old broilers for the purpose of investigating the potential of phytogenics in refining the negative effects of heat stress on broiler chicken. Moringa, Phyllanthus and mistletoe leaves were processed as phytogenic supplements and incorporated into standard ration for broilers as treatments B1 (control), B2, B3 and B4 diet during the peak of thermal discomfort in humid tropics. Growth and carcass indices were monitored in a 49-day trial and blood samples were harvested at the end of the ordeal period to assess haematology, serum biochemical and oxidative stress markers with the use of standard procedures. The results obtained showed that the prevailing environmental condition in the study site indicated that the birds were exposed to heat stress. Birds fed on moringa and mistletoe supplements had higher performance index than birds without supplementation during heat stress condition, while birds fed on mistletoe supplement had the highest survival rate across the treatments. The liveweight, slaughter weight, dressed weight and eviscerated weight of heat stressed birds fed on moringa, phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements were significantly higher than birds on control treatment. Heterophyl/lymphocyte ratio of heat stressed birds without supplement were higher than birds on phytogenic supplements, with least values recorded in phyllanthus and mistletoe fed birds. Birds on phytogenic supplement tend to have lower cholesterol profile, lipid peroxidation and better antioxidant profile than birds on control treatment during heat stress conditions. Mistletoe supplementation in broiler ration enhances the survival rate, as well as promotes growth indices better among the phytogenic supplements. However, phytogenic supplements did ameliorate the negative effects of thermal discomfort on performance, physiological and oxidative stress in heat-stressed broiler chicken.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

An 8-year-old female neutered Maltese dog exhibited signs of serious thunderstorm phobia including panting, wandering, shivering, hiding, crying or whining, or trying to escape from the house. In this study, we administered clomipramine and alprazolam and observed behavioral improvement for 3 years. Clinical symptoms measured according to the storm phobia assessment (SPA) were significantly high with an initial total score of 19 points. However, it improved to a total score of 8 on day 176 after drugs administration and returned to the normal level with the total score of 5 points on the 983 days. When the symptoms for the first 4 treatments and the last 4 treatments were compared in 2 groups, the total score of all clinical symptoms decreased to -62.83% in the last 4 treatments. This study found that treatment with alprazolam and clomipramine was associated with a decrease in clinical signs of storm anxiety, suggesting that two drugs would be effective in reducing symptoms caused by anxiety, thunderstorm phobia, and noise phobia. In this follow up study, we hope that more studies would be conducted on behavior modification for treatment of storm phobia in veterinary medicine.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

출하전 절식과 출하 취급이 출하돈의 혈액성상과 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 출하전 12시간, 24시간 절식한 그룹 및 절식하지 않는 그룹으로 구분하고 각각의 그룹에 대하여 출하 취급을 최대한 부드럽게 혹은 상차, 하차, 계류 과정에 전기봉 사용을 포함하여 고의적으로 거칠게 하는 그룹으로 나누어 체중 약 110kg에 출하되는 삼원교잡종 비육돈 144두를 공시하여 조사, 분석하였다. 모든 출하돈은 계류장 도착 후 3시간 동안 계류하였다. 혈액은 도축직후에 채취하였고 배최장근 시료는 도축 12시간 후(overnight)에 채취하여 분석에 사용하였다. 혈중 glucose 농도는 절식하지 않은 그룹에 비하여 12시간 및 24시간 절식 그룹이 낮았으나 cortisol 농도는 반대로 절식하지 않은 그룹에 비하여 24시간 절식 그룹이 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다. 스트레스와 관련된 glucose, cortisol, creatine kinase 및 lactate dehydrogenase 농도는 출하 취급을 부드럽게 한 그룹에 비하여 고의적으로 거칠게 취급한 그룹에서 높았다. 그러나 스트레스 관련 혈액성상에 대한 절식시간과 취급 스트레스간의 상호작용 효과는 인정되지 않았다. PSE 발생율과 drip loss는 절식하지 않은 그룹보다 12시간, 24시간 절식 그룹이 낮았으나 도체 pH와 육색은 절식 시간의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 PSE 발생율과 도체의 이화학적 특성은 출하 스트레스에 의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 출하전 12시간(하루밤) 절식은 PSE 발생을 줄이기 위한 좋은 방법이 될 수 있다. 또한 충분한 계류는 출하시 거친 취급으로 인한 도체품질에 미치는 영향을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 출하 취급이 거칠면 혈중 스트레스 관련 지표들의 농도가 증가하여 동물복지를 나쁘게 할 수 있어 거친 취급은 피해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2022

본 연구는 육계 enrichment(놀이물질) 종류 및 개수에 따른 생산성, 혈액 성상, 발바닥 피부염 및 깔짚 내 수분함량 비교 시험을 수행하였다. 육계 초생추(1일령) 수컷 1,140수를 공시하여 enrichment 3종(양배추, 알팔파 블록 및 각톱밥)과 사육수수 대비 개수(38수당 1개 또는 2개)를 설정하여 3×2 요인 시험을 수행하였다. 체중 및 사료 섭취량은 시험 개시일과 종료일(35일령) 측정하여 생산성을 조사하였다. 육계의 생리적 변화를 조사하기 위해 혈구를 분석하였으며, 발바닥피부염과 깔짚 내 수분 함량은 1, 3 및 5주령에 측정하였다. 체중 및 사료요구율은 알팔파 블록과 각톱밥 처리구가 양배추를 배치한 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 개선되었으나(P<0.05), enrichment 종류 및 개수 간의 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 혈구 분석결과, 스트레스 지표인 HE/LY 비율이 알팔파 블록과 각톱밥 처리구에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 5주령에 enrichment 종류에 따른 발바닥피부염 발생정도를 비교한 결과, 양배추(3.78), 알팔파 블록(3.06), 각톱밥(1.43) 처리구 순으로 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P<0.05), enrichment를 2개 보다 1개를 배치하였을 때 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 5주령 깔짚 내 수분함량을 분석한 결과, 각톱밥(61.55%) 처리구에서 양배추(71.19%)와 알팔파 블록(69.50%) 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나(P<0.05), enrichment 종류 및 개수 간의 상호작용에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Enrichment로써 각톱밥 재질은 육계 사육기간 동안 생산성 및 동물복지를 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 깔짚 수분조절제로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.