• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2000

방사선 치료에 따른 방사선량 최적화 문제를 풀기 위한 새로운 방법이 제시되었다. 기존의 2차원 치료계획과는 달리 3차원 문제에서는 모든 조건이 훨씬 복잡하고 관련된 변수도 많아지기 때문에 문제를 해결하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 선량최적화 문제를 접근하는데 있어서, 해가 존재할 수 있는 범위를 줄여주고, 중요한 파라미터들을 미리 구해주어서 치료계획에 관련된 변수를 줄이는 방법을 연구하였다. 먼저 선형가속기와 환자좌표계사이의 좌표변환을 이용하여 두부 내의 중요기관을 피하는 빔 위치를 찾았다 그리고 임의의 빔 위치에 대해 병소를 완전히 감싸는 빔 크기와 콜리메이터 회전각을 구하였다. 그 결과 가능한 빔 위치를 줄여줄 수 있었고, 빔 크기와 회전각에 대한 의존성을 없앨 수 있었다. 따라서 고려해야할 변수의 조합이 크게 줄어들게 되었고, 목적함수를 이용한 선량최적화에 있어서 최소한의 변수로만 계산이 가능하게 되었다. 위의 결과를 이용하여 임상에 널리 쓰이는 2차원 방사선치료계획의 선량최적화 문제를 해결하였다. 선량기울기, 중요기관의 선량, 선량분포 균일도를 조합한 목적함수를 최소화하는 최적해를 step search 방법을 이용하여 구하였다. 그리고 이 최적해를 이용한 선량분포로부터 새로운 방법에 의한 선량최적화의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었고, 후속 연구를 통하여 상용 방사선 치료계획 시스템에 적용함으로써 임상에 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 II
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• pp.747-750
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• 2003

We have studied PHEMTs optimization by means of fabrication of PHEMTs. All PHEMTs have been fixed with a gate length of 0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, a gate head size of 0.75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and two gate fingers. We have measured the characteristics of PHEMTs with variation of source-drain spacing, pad size, and gate width. As a result, we have found the enhanced characteristics of $I_{dss}$, $S_{21}$, $h_{21}$, $f_{T}$, $f_{max}$, and $G_{ms}$ with increasing gate width. Also, $g_{m}$ has improved with decreasing source-drain spacing, and $S_{21}$ has improved with deceasing pad size.e.e.e.e.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.10-11
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• 2014

In a 2-dimensional (2D) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) hardware, a significant fraction of the total hardware area is contributed by the combinational logic used to perform 1-dimensional (2D) transform. The size of the non-combinational logic i.e. the transpose memory is dictated by the size of the largest transform supported. Hence, the optimization of hardware area is performed mainly for 1D-transform combinational logic. This paper demonstrates the use of Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) algorithm to reduce the combinational logic area. Partial optimizations are also described for the cases where the direct use of MCM algorithm doesn't meet the timing constraint. Experimental results show that 46% improvement in gate count is achieved for 32 point 1D DCT transform logic after using MCM optimization.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제8A권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2001

Using BDD, we can represent Boolean functions uniquely and compactly, Hence, BDD have become widely used for CAD applications, such as logic synthesis, formal verification, and etc. The size of the BDD representation for a function is very sensitive to the choice of orderings on the input variables. Therefore, it is very important to find a good variable ordering which minimize the size of the BDD. Since finding an optimal ordering is NP-complete, several heuristic algorithms have been proposed to find good variable orderings. In this paper, we propose a variable ordering algorithm based on the $\mu$O(microcanonical optimization). $\mu$O consists of two distinct procedures that are alternately applied : Initialization and Sampling. The initialization phase is to executes a fast local search, the sampling phase leaves the local optimum obtained in the previous initialization while remaining close to that area of search space. The proposed algorithm has been experimented on well known benchmark circuits and shows superior performance compared to a algorithm based on simulated annealing.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2016

본 논문은 확장된 프로젝션 기법을 사용한 위상 최적설계 방법을 다루고 있다. 다양한 형상과 길이 스케일을 가지는 프로젝션 함수를 개발해 위상 최적설계 기법에 적용시킴으로써, 복합재료의 설계에서 형상 및 크기가 미리 주어진 보강재의 최적 배치를 위상 최적설계를 통해 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이와 같은 프로젝션 기법이 균질화법과 결합되어 체적탄성률 또는 전단탄성률 등의 유효 재료특성을 최대화시키는 단위 구조를 설계함으로써, 주기 구조를 가지는 복합재료에서 보강재의 최적 배치를 결정하고 그 유효 재료특성값을 수치적으로 계산할 수 있음을 여러 수치 예제들을 통해서 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

The frontal crash optimization of an engine room member using the response surface method was studied. The engine room member is composed of the front side member and the sub-frame. The thicknesses of the panels on the front side member and the sub-frame were selected as the design variables. The purpose of the optimization was to reduce the weight of the structure, under the constraint that the objective quantity of crash energy is absorbed. The response surface method was used to approximate the crash behavior in mathematical form for optimization procedure. To research the effect of the regression method, two different methodologies were used in constructing the response surface model, the least square method and the moving least square method. The optimum with the two methods was verified by the simulation result. The precision of the surrogate model affected the optimal design. The moving least square method showed better approximation than the least square method. In addition to the deterministic optimization, the reliability-based design optimization using the response surface method was executed to examine the effect of uncertainties in design variables. The requirement for reliability made the optimal structure be heavier than the result of the deterministic optimization. Compared with the deterministic optimum, the optimal design using the reliability-based design optimization showed higher crash energy absorption and little probability of failure in achieving the objective.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2017

Many gradient-based mathematical methods have been developed and are in use for structural size optimization problems, in which the cross-sectional areas or sizing variables are usually assumed to be continuous. In most practical structural engineering design problems, however, the design variables are discrete. The main objective of this paper is to propose an efficient optimization method for structures with discrete-sized variables based on the harmony search (HS) meta-heuristic algorithm that is derived using penalty function. The recently developed HS algorithm was conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search so that derivative information is unnecessary. In this paper, a discrete search strategy using the HS algorithm with a static penalty function is presented in detail and its applicability using several standard truss examples is discussed. The numerical results reveal that the HS algorithm with the static penalty function proposed in this study is a powerful search and design optimization technique for structures with discrete-sized members.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2006

박판 구조물은 자동차를 비롯하여 항공기, 인공위성, 선박 등의 운송 수단과 건축물의 돔과 같이 효율적으로 활용되어지고 있으며 동시에 경량화를 필요로 하는 경우 널리 사용되는 구조물이다. 엔진, 변속기 등의 회전체의 부품을 보호하는 박판 구조물인 자동차 후드에서의 새로운 보강재 형상을 제시하였다. 자동차 후드는 엔진 룸에 장착되어 있는 회전체의 진동 영향을 민감하게 받아 공진현상이 발생할 우려가 있다. 따라서 설계하중을 지지할 강성을 가지며 동적 특성이 고려되어야 한다. 즉, 강성을 유지하면서 공진에 의한 진동도 고려해야 한다. 이는 곧 승차감과 직결된 중요한 문제이다. 그러므로 최적의 강성증대 설계결과를 얻기 위해서는 정적 동적 강성평가와 함께 고유진동수를 고려한 보강재의 최적설계가 도입되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고유진동수를 고려한 대표적인 박판 구조물인 자동차 후드의 보강재 위상을 구하고, 도출된 위상에서 보강재의 형상 최적 설계 후 제시된 보강재 단면의 최적 치수를 다구찌 방법을 이용한 직교 배열표상에서의 각 설계변수의 수준과 최적의 설계변수의 조건으로 구하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2019

This paper performs for the first time a simultaneous optimization for members sections along with semi-rigid beam-to-column connections for space steel frames with fixed, semi-rigid, and hinged bases using a biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO) and a genetic algorithm (GA). Furthermore, a member's sections optimization for a fully fixed space frame is carried out. A real and accurate simulation of semi-rigid connection behavior is considered in this study, where the semi-rigid base connections are simulated using Kanvinde and Grilli (2012) nonlinear model, which considers deformations in different base connection components under the applied loads, while beam-to-column connections are modeled using the familiar Frye and Morris (1975) nonlinear polynomial model. Moreover, the $P-{\Delta}$ effect and geometric nonlinearity are considered. AISC-LRFD (2016) specification constraints of the stress and displacement are considered as well as section size fitting constraints. The optimization is applied to two benchmark space frame examples to inspect the effect of semi-rigidity on frame weight and drift using BBO and GA algorithms.

• Architectural research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The effect of rebirthing technique on the genetic algorithm (GA)-based size optimization is investigated. The GA mimics the principles of nature and it can gradually improve structural design through biological operations such as fitness, selection, crossover and mutation. However, premature optimum has been often detected in the generic GA with continuous design variable. Since then, the so-called rebirthing technique has been proposed to avoid this problem. However, the performance of the rebirthing technique has not been reported. Therefore, the size optimizations of spatial structures are tackled to investigate the performance of the rebirthing technique on the generic GA. From numerical results, it is well proved that the rebirthing technique is very effective to produce the optimum values regardless of the values of parameters used in the GA operations.