• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to analyse the changes in inter-regional accessibility according to the highway construction. Accessibility of the physical distance(APD), accessibility of the time distance(ATD) and accessibility of the weighted physical distance(AWPD), accessibility of the weighted time distance(AWTD) are used as accessibility index. The result shows that APD, ATD, AWPD and AWTD are improved in the Chechon, Sangju, Chomchon region by the construction of Chongju-Sangju Highway and Taegu-Chunchon Highway. Taechon, Sosan, Kunsan region also improved by the construction of Sohaean Highway and Konju-Sohaean Highway.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 1994

Despite of being the criteria to choose the efficient and reasonable alternatioves inactual planning process, the measure of accessibility rarely has applied to practices because each model has unexplicity concept of it and limitations in itself. Accessibility implies transportation system which offers opportunity of movement to overcome spatial separation and, simultaneously, land-use system which represents the location of each activity. Therefore, measures of accessibility have to represent the attractiveness of locations and the interactions of activities, that is, land-use and transportation, with an index. Considering that urban activity is based on the economic efficiency, costs and benfits, accessibility means the economic efficiency of the location of activity and the travel in view of land-use and transport repectively. Combined models that measure accessibility with considering land-use and tranportation simultaneously depend on reasonable concepts, but it is too simple for them to explain the accessibility which resulted from complex interaction of urban activities. Combined urban activity model developed by Kim (1983) and Rho (1989) explains the characteristics of activities in each regions and urban strcture in economic general equilibrium states in the long term of urban system. This model measures a regional accessibility with a dual variable which means the location surplus. This is a more systematic and comprehensive model for calculating the regional accessibility because it considers the interaction of each activity in urban system. It needs efforts to apply the accessibility index as a criterion in actual planning process through finding and quantitification of other explanatory variables to measure it in combined urban activity model.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

Universal accessibility of web sites Is critical in a highly interconnected world. The web site should be usable by anyone, regardless of Individual capabilities and disabilities. But in reality, the users with disabilities are discriminated by inaccessible wed sites. This research analyze the accessibility of major web sites of Korea based on World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guideline 1.0. The result shows that the average number of accessibility errors per web site is 2.77 much higher than that of Unites States. Automated testing and manual testing of web accessibility provides complementary results.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.330-335
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• 2017

We have heard about several keywords of the fourth industrial revolution such as automation, artificial intelligence and connectivity. And electronic publishing systems and ebooks will enable us to experience a new industrial revolution without discrimination. On that level, it is necessary to study a method of automatic accessibility tool for electronic publishing. There are some studies on accessibility standard specifications, accessibility guidelines, and accessibility certificate criteria. but there is little research about automatic inspection tools in electronic publishing area. This paper proposed a library for accessibility inspector of EPUB and its components based on IDPF EPUB accessiblity guidelines and TTA accessibility certificate criteria for reading disabled people. After implementing the library that can be connected to SIGIL, which is the most widely used in Korea, we verified its functionality and its coverage with Korean commercial EPUB files.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.514-532
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to critically examine conventional spatial measures of individual accessibility, which are based on the notion of spatial proximity, the single reference location, and the unlinked travel model. Using space-time accessibility measures with the travel-activity diary data set of Portland Metro, US, three expectations from spatial measures on spatial patterns of individual accessibility were empirically examined: (1) does individual accessibility decrease with an increase of distance from the CBD?; (2) does the spatial pattern of accessibility resemble that of urban opportunity density pattern?; and (3) are spatial patterns of individual accessibility of different socio- demographic population groups basically similar as people in the same area share the same geographic characteristics regardless of gender, race, age, and so on? First of all, the results showed that spatial variations in individual accessibility were not directly determined by spatial proximity and opportunity density as suggested by previous accessibility measures. The spatial pattern of individual accessibility was dramatically different from that of urban opportunity density High peaks of accessibility level were found far away from the CBD and regional centers. This finding might be associated with the importance of multi-reference locations and linked travels in shaping accessibility in reality. Furthermore, this study found that spatial patterns of accessibility clearly differ between men and women. These findings suggest that access requires more than proximity, and that the interaction between person-specific space-time constraints and the consequential availability of urban opportunities in space-time renders different accessibility experiences to people even in the same region, which would be one of the key ingredients missing from conventional spatial measures of accessibility.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate community pharmacy-based pharmaceutical care accessibility in Korea. Survey on the current pharmaceutical care service provision was performed by PM2000 XE, a real-time pharmacy manager program, operated by Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center beginning November 4, 2013 until December 6, 2013 towards all community pharmacies throughout the nation which use the program. Method: The survey questionnaire consisted of four sections: pharmacy type, time-based accessibility, item-based accessibility, and spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs. Results: Number of pharmacy responded to the survey was 331, and size of the responding pharmacy was mostly medium-scale (66.47%) with 30-99 prescription fillings a day. Proportion of pharmacy with opening hour of 12 hours or longer was only 53.77% and it was less than 25% during saturdays and holidays. Item-based accessibility was generally acceptable for prescription and non-prescription drugs, medical devices, and health supplements. However, spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs was problematic because only one quarter of the drugs was displayed over the counter, and most of the drugs were behind the counter so that customers could not reach out. Conclusion: Based on the survey result, current situation for accessibility of pharmaceutical care service in Korea is concluded inadequate and therefore needs multidimensional efforts to improve accessibility of the service at national level such as Korea Pharmaceutical Association and Ministry of Health and Welfare.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-103
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• 2010

In the study, we introduce the trend in domestic and foreign web accessibility, as well as the legal system that ensures web accessibility. Based on Korean Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (KWCAG)1.0, we investigated the web content accessibility of 80 tertiary health-care hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. We evaluated accessibility by combining accessibility-based criteria (ABC) with usability-based criteria (UBC). ABC was limited to an alternative text for Guideline 1, using a small number of frames and keyboard accessibility for Guideline 2. UBC checked the voice service (TTS), resizing text, providing multi-lingual websites, and disclosing web accessibility policy. KADO-WAH2.0 was used for representing the compliance rate. The evaluation result was a considerable improvement from previous results, even though the rate of compliance with web accessibility was generally insufficient. There was a significant difference between those medical centers which did and did not comply with web accessibility. Incidentally, many hospitals were found to have attempted to confront and come to terms with web accessibility. In future, the following factors are advisable for medical centers with publicity or public interest: they must employ active and aggressive promotion of establishment of independent accessibility guidelines to secure web accessibility, they should effect an improvement of the realization of web accessibility, there can be constant education and promotion, and there can be an institutional supplementation, as well as others.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

Current web accessibility checks and automatic assessments have been pointed out that the assessment items and scores are evaluated from the developer's point of view rather than from the user's one. In addition, although most of the grades of an automatic assessment on the public web sites are excellent because they are built in accordance with the web accessibility development guidelines, not a few web sites shows relatively low grades in evaluating their usability test made by those users. Taking into account the inadequacy of these web accessibility assessments, this study has identified the differences between the grades of usability evaluations and automatic evaluations for people with low vision and analyzed the major factors affecting web accessibility usability evaluations using Repertory Grid Techniques. Also, the Hard Laddering method of the Means-End Chain theory was adopted to visualize the relationship between Attributes-Conferences-Value and a hierarchical value system analysis based on FGI(Focused Group Interview) to people with the low vision. This study proposed the measures to improve the current web accessibility automatic assessment allocation, expert evaluation criteria, and user task assessment. In particular, it is a web accessibility user evaluation model that can consider the web accessibility quality certification criteria and user review assessment by directly analyzing the user cognitive structure and value system. This study is expected to be useful as a research to enhance the quality of web accessibility assessment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1816-1828
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• 2016

Museums have recently been expanding their roles as education providers to use websites to provide a variety of information and services including educational programs. In order to better perform their roles as education providers, it is important for museums to commit themselves to making their websites accessible and easy for everyone to use, in compliance with web accessibility. 20 of museum websites were chosen to study the state of web accessibility of domestic museum websites, and were evaluated by using an automated web accessibility evaluation tool called the K-WAH 4.4. And then, we analyze the compliance rates of web accessibility based on 6 Requirements in the KWCAG 2.1. As a Result, only two museums satisfy the compliance rates on 6 Requirements and national & public museums are higher than private museums in compliance rates. So, to improve web accessibility, we comply with accessibility guidelines and design web contents. After witch we should improve web accessibility by modifying insufficient requirements immediately through periodical evaluations.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.105-114
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the additional construction of urban railroads. To this end, 1) establish accessibility as a measure of quantitative evaluation of construction effects; 2) select the 'Integration' of Space Syntax as a quantifiable indicator of accessibility; 3) represent the Seoul railroads as a network; 4) calculate the 'Integration' form the network before and after the additional construction of the urban railroads. By calculating the change of the 'Integration' of the individual nodes and the change of the sum of the 'Integration' of given zones, the change in accessibility of a particular node and the change in accessibility of a particular region were calculated. After analyzing the change in accessibility in nodes and areas as well, it was confirmed that the additional construction of urban railroads was improving accessibility as a whole of Seoul. It was also identified that there was a degree of difference in the extent of the accessibility change for the different areas. It is particularly noteworthy that changes occur in the accessibility ranking. While certain regions were improving relative rankings, others fell in rank. With this finding, it could be argued that active consideration of the areas in which the relative decline occurs is needed when the planned urban railroad is being built.