• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.169-176
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• 2019

Recently, the Korean economy is congested with Japan's economic retaliation, the US-China trade war, the Bank of Korea's 0.25% base rate cut and Korea's economic growth forecast revision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the KOSPI, CPI, Treasury bonds(3 years) Interest rate & sales performance of all industries, and examine the impact of each index on the KOSPI. The analysis period is from January 2003 to June 2019, and the effect of each index on the KOSPI is analyzed. In numerical analysis, we performed correlation coefficients and regression analysis. In the model analysis, the distribution, quadrant, scatter, box-plot and impulse response were examined. This study examined the volatility and dynamic characteristics of each index. As a result, the KOSPI showed a high correlation with sales and Treasury bonds, but showed a very low correlation with the CPI. The KOSPI will continue to be affected by sales and interest rates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.521-529
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• 2020

This paper attempted to empirically analyze whether or not ethical behavior at the individual level has a positive effect on both companies and employees. In addition, based on the social exchange theory, a hypothesis was established that perceived supervisory support has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between ethical behavior, job satisfaction, and job performance. As a result of analyzing a questionnaire given to 238 sales employees, It was first verified that ethical behavior by sales staff had a positive effect on job satisfaction and performance, as expected in the hypothesis. Second, the moderating effect of perceived supervisory support was significant only in the relationship between the ethical behavior of the salesperson and job performance. On the other hand, the moderating effect of perceived supervisory support on the relationship between ethical behavior and job satisfaction was not verified. Based on the results of this study, the implications and future directions of study are presented.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.519-532
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• 2023

The online shopping market is expanding, with online shopping malls now subdivided into personal computer(PC) and mobile versions. Meanwhile, various efforts to promote online sales are being carried out in a bid to improve performance, and detailed research is required to inform such strategies. The purpose of this study was to classify online shopping mall types into PC fashion malls and mobile fashion malls with the aim of assessing sales promotion satisfaction and investigating the relationship between sales promotion satisfaction and consumers' behavioral intentions. Data were collected by a survey firm in June 2023, and 248 copies of the data were used for analysis. SPSS 28.0 was used to process the data, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were performed. The satisfaction factors for various sales promotions used by PC and mobile fashion shopping malls were empirically subdivided in consideration of consumer perspectives, and potentially effective marketing strategies were presented. Differences were observed in the type of satisfaction with sales promotion between PC fashion shopping malls and mobile fashion shopping malls and in the effect of sales promotion satisfaction on behavioral intention. Based on the study's findings, effective sales promotion strategies that can increase satisfaction and enhance behavioral intention may be developed and implemented through the use of various and different sales promotion strategies in PC and mobile fashion shopping malls.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

This study is related to the performance of open innovation collaboration between startups and large corporations and financial institutions. In the life cycle of a typical company, the growth of a startup is difficult to predict. Startups that possess innovative technology but have only recently been established seek to verify their technology and capabilities by participating in open innovation with large corporations and financial institutions, and further strive to lay the foundation for corporate growth. However, if you approach it only as a theoretical coexistence plan, it will be viewed as a vague attempt from the startup's perspective. The purpose of this study is to differentiately verify the benefits of open innovation by analyzing the difference in sales growth of startups for the purpose of sales performance based on the open innovation participation of large companies and small and medium-sized companies(startups). In verifying this, the analysis was based on the sales results of the actual open innovation collaboration B2C model, and the difference was confirmed by comparing before and after collaboration. Here, the differentiation of the study was added by reflecting the corporate growth stage theory, a growth theory. When the corporate growth stage theory was excluded, it was confirmed that sales growth due to open innovation of startups was applied from the third month, and sales growth depending on participation was confirmed to be significant. On the other hand, when the corporate growth stage theory was applied, sales growth was not significant, but the difference in growth could be confirmed from the fourth month, and it was also confirmed in sales growth depending on participation. As a result, this study objectively confirms the effects that can be gained when startups participate in Open-innovation, and it is expected that Open-innovation led by large corporations, financial institutions, and government agencies will develop into a high-quality program environment.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

This study attempts to verify effects of CEO' supports, compensation and educational training and those of individual annual salaries and company's sales on promotion of knowledge management expected to contribute to enhancing construction industry's competitiveness, from the perspective of person-organization fit. For the analysis, a total of 368 effective questionnaires were used to conduct independent sample t-test, regression analysis and hierarchical moderated regression analysis. The findings show that individual annual salaries have a positive relationship with company's performance and company's sales also have positive relationships with both knowledge management activities and company performance, and CEO's supports, compensation and educational training are important factors that can improve knowledge management activities. In addition, the principle that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer is also operated in construction industry, as in other industries. Therefore, members in a company should conduct optimal strategies to enhance the knowledge management activities through selection and concentration, while governmental agencies require the establishment of IT system for it and supports for related cost and consulting of it.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1625-1632
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether asset sales contributed to increase of the shareholder value of the seller and the buyer in Japan. The period of analysis is 2000-2007. As a result of event study, Although the stockholder of the seller earn positive abnormal returns at the announcement of a asset sales, most stockholders of the buyer were break even. However, the buyer which purchase related asset get positive abnormal returns. Furthermore, when using a matched seller-buyer, we find that asset sales are firm value enhancing for the seller and buyer. Furthermore, we verify whether the excess return depends on the financial condition, and the managerial performance. we find that seller gains are related to the seller's managerial performance, leverage ratio, and buyer gains are related to the leverage ratio, foreigner holdings ratio. we conclude that lender and outside monitoring lead to increase of firm value.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2017

Purpose - The present study aims to examine the relationship between small enterprise start-up preparatory factors and increases in sales and operating profits, which are business performances utilizing the National Survey of Actual Conditions of Small Enterprises conducted by the Small Enterprise, Market Service. Research design, data, and methodology - Start-up preparatory factors were divided into six types; business type, start-up history, start-up motives, preparatory periods, and start-up funds to figure out the relationship between sales and operating profits with regression analyses. Regression analyses were conducted based on the foregoing with a view to identifying the effects of start-up preparatory factors on business performance. Results - Since start-up preparatory factors generally affect business performance, it was identified that start-up preparatory factors importantly affect operating profits and sales, which are business performances. However, start-up preparatory periods and the implementation of education among preparatory activities were shown to have no effect on business performances, and the effect of the ratio of start-up fund provided by the founder on operating profits was shown to be not significant. Conclusions - The present study comprehensively examined those start-up preparatory factors that have positive effects on business performances after start-up. The present study is meaningful in that it can provide positive implications for efficient start-up of small enterprises hereafter.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2016

Globalization and the emergence of new markets has placed increased emphasis on cross-cultural sales and marketing research. Despite considerable advances in the personal selling literature, little is known about the cross-cultural transferability of key constructs. Given the degree to which well-accepted relational sales behaviors such as ASB and customer oriented selling reflect Western values such as individualism and low uncertainty avoidance, the relative efficacy of such practices in alternative cultural context is less clear. Using a Korean sample, our results confirm the beneficial direct effects of these relational selling practices upon performance. However, we also find strong workgroup interdependence diminishes the effects of ASB and that performance fully mediates the relationship between both sales behaviors and job satisfaction. In contrast to prior results, we find female salespeople and those newer to their position demonstrate stronger ASB.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.22
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• pp.137-165
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• 2007

It seems high time to increase productivity by adopting e-business to overcome challenges posed by both external factors including the appreciation of Korean won, oil hikes and fierce global competition and domestic issues represented by disparities between large corporations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Seoul metropolitan and local cities, and export and domestic demand all of which weaken future growth engines in the Korean economy. The demands of the globalization era are for innovative changes in businessprocess and industrial structure aiming for creating new values. To this end, e-business is expected to play a core role in the sophistication of the Korean economy through new values and innovation. In order to examine business performance in e-business-adopting industries, this study analyzed the home shopping industry by closely looking into the financial ratios including the ratio of net profit to sales, the ratio of operation income to sales, the ratio of gross cost to sales cost, the ratio of gross cost to selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense, and return of investment (ROI). This study, for best outcome, referred to corporate financial statements as a main resource to calculate financial ratios by utilizing Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System (DART) of the Financial Supervisory Service, one of the Korea's financial supervisory authorities. First of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of net profit to sales is as following. CJ Home Shopping has registered a remarkable increase in its ratio of net profit rate to sales since 2002 while its competitors find it hard to catch up with CJ's stunning performances. This is partly due to the efficient management compared to CJ's value of capital. Such significance, if the current trend continues, will make the front-runner assume the largest market share. On the other hand, GS Home Shopping, despite its best organized system and largest value of capital among others, lacks efficiency in management. Second of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of operation income to sales is as following. Both CJ Home Shopping and GS Home Shopping have, until 2004, recorded similar growth trend. However, while CJ Home Shopping's operating income continued to increase in 2005, GS Home Shopping observed its operating income declining which resulted in the increasing income gap with CJ Home Shopping. While CJ Home Shopping with the largest market share in home shopping industryis engaged in aggressive marketing, GS Home Shopping due to its stability-driven management strategies falls behind CJ again in the ratio of operation income to sales in spite of its favorable management environment including its large capital. Companies in the Group B were established in the same year of 2001. NS Home Shopping was the first in the Group B to shift its loss to profit. Woori Home Shopping has continued to post operating loss for three consecutive years and finally was sold to Lotte Group in 2007, but since then, has registered a continuing increase in net income on sales. Third of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to sales cost is as following. Since home shopping falls into sales business, its cost of sales is much lower than that of other types of business such as manufacturing industry. Since 2002 in gross costs including cost of sales, SG&A expense, and non-operating expense, cost of sales turned out to have remarkably decreased. Group B has also posted a notable decline in the same sector since 2002. Fourth of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to SG&A expense is as following. Due to its unique characteristics, the home shopping industry usually posts ahigh ratio of SG&A expense. However, more than 80% of SG&A expense means the result of lax management and at the same time, a sharp lower net income on sales than other industries. Last but not least, the result of the trend analysis on ROI is as following. As for CJ Home Shopping, the curve of ROI looks similar to that of its investment on fixed assets. As it turned out, the company's ratio of fixed assets to operating income skyrocketed in 2004 and 2005. As far as GS Home Shopping is concerned, its fixed assets are not as much as that of CJ Home Shopping. Consequently, competition in the home shopping industry, at the moment, is among CJ, GS, Hyundai, NS and Woori Home Shoppings, and all of them need to more thoroughly manage their costs. In order for the late-comers of Group B and other home shopping companies to advance further, the current lax management should be reformed particularly on their SG&A expense sector. Provided that the total sales volume in the Internet shopping sector is projected to grow over 20 trillion won by the year 2010, it is concluded that all the participants in the home shopping industry should put strategies on efficient management on costs and expenses as their top priority rather than increase revenues, if they hope to grow even further after 2007.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among transformatonal leadership, gropefficacy, and group performance. A total of 321 empolyees of a fire and marine insurance frim in Seoul anonymously completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire-Form V, which consists of three factors(charisma, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation) for transformational leadership, and two factors(contingent reward and management by exception) for transactional leadership. The sample, which largely consists of sales supervisors and salesmen, includes 41 sales office branches. The findings of the study are as follows. Transformational leadership is closely associated with group-efficacy and group performance. That is, there are significant correlations between transformational factors and group-efficacy, between the factors and group performance, and between group-efficacy and group performance. A stepwise multiple regressio analysis revealed that transformational leadership augmented the subordinates's extra efforts. It was also found that group-efficacy was mediating the relationship between transformational leadership and group performance. The managerial implications of these findings and future directions of research are also discussed.