• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

This study addresses the issue of whether Korean(L1)-English(L2) non-proficient bilinguals are affected by the native coda-neutralization process when recognizing words in English continuous speech. Korean phonological rules require that if liaison occurs between 'words', then coda-neutralization process must come before the liaison process, which results in liaison-consonants being coda-neutralized ones such as /b/, /d/, or /g/, rather than non-neutralized ones like /p/, /t/, /k/, /$t{\int}$/, /$d_{\Im}$/, or /s/. Consequently, if Korean listeners apply their native coda-neutralization rules to English speech input, word detection will be easier when coda-neutralized consonants precede target words than when non-neutralized ones do. Word-spotting and word-monitoring tasks were used in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. In both experiments, listeners detected words faster and more accurately when vowel-initial target words were preceded by coda-neutralized consonants than when preceded by coda non-neutralized ones. The results show that Korean listeners exploit their native phonological process when processing English, irrespective of whether the native process is appropriate or not.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.143-169
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• 2000

This chapter presents an overview of Korean intonational structure and proposes a revised version of K -ToBI (Korean TOnes and Break Indices), a prosodic transcription convention for Seoul Korean. In the new version of K-ToBI, a tone tier is separated into two tiers: a phonological tone tier and a phonetic tone tier. A phonological tone tier labels tones marking the prosodic structure of an utterance, and a phonetic tone tier labels individual tones of an AP and an IP conforming to the surface pitch contour. Labelling surface tonal patterns will provide us data to test the underlying tonal patterns and to build phonetic implementation rules.

• MALSORI
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• no.49
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• pp.107-121
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• 2004

In this paper, we describe a cross-morpheme pronunciation variation model which is especially useful for constructing morpheme-based pronunciation lexicon to improve the performance of a Korean LVCSR. There are a lot of pronunciation variations occurring at morpheme boundaries in continuous speech. Since phonemic context together with morphological category and morpheme boundary information affect Korean pronunciation variations, we have distinguished phonological rules that can be applied to phonemes in within-morpheme and cross-morpheme. The results of 33K-morpheme Korean CSR experiments show that an absolute reduction of 1.45% in WER from the baseline performance of 18.42% WER was achieved by modeling proposed pronunciation variations with a possible multiple context-dependent pronunciation lexicon.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-205
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• 2002

Within the framework of Generalized Sympathy (GS) (Jun 1999), this paper investigates the reasons why phonological rules such as Cluster Simplification, Closed Syllable ${\ae}$-Tensing, and Belfast Dentalization overapply or underapply in Class 2 affixed words in English. According to GS, a morphologically independent word can be treated as a derived word in that it is assumed to have any possible outputs as bases to resemble. As a result, a correspondence relation is triggered between a morphologically independent word being represented as Derived (D) and any possible outputs represented as Base (B), i.e., BD-Faith. In analyses of affixed words, BA-Faith is evoked, instead of BD-Faith. Furthermore, as Benua (1997) suggests, BA-Faith is classified into two correspondence relations; $BA_1$-Faith between Base and Class 1 affixed words, and $BA_2$-Faith between Base and Class 2 affixed words. When the $BA_1$-Faith takes precedence over phonological constraints three rules misapply in Class 2 affixed words. In other words, the misapplications are driven by base-identity effects.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

This paper examined the acoustic differences in English speech production between English native speakers and Korean learners. Korean speakers seem to produce errors by over-applying the Korean phonological rules(nasalization and lateralization) to English speech under the conditions comparable to those of Korean which contain nasal+lateral or lateral+nasal sequences. Being based on this prediction, the experimental data is grouped into three sets, [n]+[l] sequence, [l]+[n]sequence, and [m]+[l] sequence. The result shows that, Korean speakers usually nasalize or lateralize the target words or phrases in every three categories while English natives don't. In set A([n]+[l] sequence), both nasalization and lateralization were found in [n]+[l] sequence, the same circumstances where both nasalization and lateralization can be placed as in Korean. In the case of set B([l]+[n] sequence), only lateralization is observed. It is because the nasalization never occurs in the sequence of l-n in Korean. There is no lateralization in set C([m]+[l] sequence), because only nasalization occurs in the sequence of m-l in Korean. This results reconfirmed that the nasalization and lateralization rules in Korean deeply influence on the English production data. Korean speakers need to be taught not to over-apply Korean phonological rule to English production for accurate pronunciation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.851-861
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• 1998

Korean language is to be characterized by the rich vocal sound variation. In order to increase the probability of vocal sound recognition and to provide a natural vocal sound synthesis, a systematic and thorough research into the characteristics of Korean language including its vocal sound changing rules is required. This paper addresses an effective way of vocal sound recognition and synthesis by providing the design and implementation of the Korean vocal sound variation rule. The regulation we followed for the design of the vocal sound variation rule is the Phonetic Standard(Section 30. Chapter 7) of the Korean Orthographic Standards. We have first factor out rules for each regulations, then grouped them into 27 groups for eaeh final-consonant. The Phonological Change Processing System suggested in the paper provides a fast processing ability for vocal sound variation by a single application of the rule. The contents of the process for information augmented to words or the stem of innected words are included in the rules. We believe that the Phonological Change Processing System will facilitate the vocal sound recognition and synthesis by the sentence. Also, this system may be referred as an example for similar research areas.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2001

Many speech recognition systems have used pronunciation lexicon with possible multiple phonetic transcriptions for each word. The pronunciation lexicon is of often manually created. This process requires a lot of time and efforts, and furthermore, it is very difficult to maintain consistency of lexicon. To handle these problems, we present a model based on morphophon-ological analysis for automatically generating Korean pronunciation variants. By analyzing phonological variations frequently found in spoken Korean, we have derived about 700 phonemic contexts that would trigger the multilevel application of the corresponding phonological process, which consists of phonemic and allophonic rules. In generating pronunciation variants, morphological analysis is preceded to handle variations of phonological words. According to the morphological category, a set of tables reflecting phonemic context is looked up to generate pronunciation variants. Our experiments show that the proposed model produces mostly correct pronunciation variants of phonological words. Then we estimated how useful the pronunciation lexicon and training phonetic transcription using this proposed systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.476-486
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• 2003

There is no explicit spelling change information in part-of-speech tagged corpora of Korean. It causes some difficulties in acquiring the data to study Korean morphology, i.e. automatically in constructing a dictionary for morphological analysis and systematically in collecting the phenomena of the spelling changes from the corpora. To solve this problem, this paper presents a method to recognize spelling changes between morphemes of a Korean word in tagged corpora, only using a string matching, without using a dictionary and phonological rules. This method not only has an ability to robustly recognize the spelling changes because it doesn't use any phonological rules, but also can be implemented with few cost. This method has been experimented with a large tagged corpus of Korean, and recognized the 100% of spelling changes in the corpus with accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

The puropose of this study is to propose an effective diction training techniqe that conductors can use in choral communication. In chorus, the phonology of the language used in the lyrics influences the diction. Therefore, Korean lyrics must be pronounced according to Korean phonology. In verbal language, accuracy of pronunciation is important, but when expressing lyrics in a song, both vocalization and diction are important. In particular, chorus is sung by many people, so if the diction is not accurate, the lyrics will not be delivered properly. In this study, the dictions of lyrics frequently used in actual Korean choral songs were systematically analyzed according to Korean phonological rules. As a result of the study, the main factor that makes choral diction difficult is the phenomenon of phonological fluctuations in Korean. In particular, phonological fluctuations often occurred when pronouncing the final sound and when consonants and consonants were combined. A follow-up study intends to contribute to the development of choral communication by presenting a systematic choral diction based on Korean phonology.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

In this paper we investigate context dependent acoustic models to improve the performance of the Korean speech recognition . The algorithm are using the Korean phonological rules and decision tree, By Successive State Splitting(SSS) algorithm the Hidden Merkov Netwwork(HM-Net) which is an efficient representation of phoneme-context-dependent HMMs, can be generated automatically SSS is powerful technique to design topologies of tied-state HMMs but it doesn't treat unknown contexts in the training phoneme contexts environment adequately In addition it has some problem in the procedure of the contextual domain. In this paper we adopt a new state-clustering algorithm of SSS, called Phonetic Decision Tree-based SSS (PDT-SSS) which includes contexts splits based on the Korean phonological rules. This method combines advantages of both the decision tree clustering and SSS, and can generated highly accurate HM-Net that can express any contexts To verify the effectiveness of the adopted methods. the experiments are carried out using KLE 452 word database and YNU 200 sentence database. Through the Korean phoneme word and sentence recognition experiments. we proved that the new state-clustering algorithm produce better phoneme, word and continuous speech recognition accuracy than the conventional HMMs.