• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

With the further increase of span length, the cable-stayed bridge tends to be more slender, and becomes more susceptible to the seismic action. By taking a super long-span cable-stayed bridge with main span of 1400m as example, structural response of the bridge under the E1 horizontal and vertical seismic excitations is investigated numerically by the multimode seismic response spectrum and time-history analysis respectively, the seismic behavior and also the effect of structural nonlinearity on the seismic response of super long-span cable-stayed bridge are revealed. Furthermore, the effect of structural parameters including the girder depth and width, the tower structural style, the tower height-to-span ratio, the side-tomain span ratio, the auxiliary piers in side spans and the anchorage system of stay cables etc on the seismic performance of super long-span cable-stayed bridge is investigated numerically by the multimode seismic response spectrum analysis, and the favorable earthquake-resistant structural system of super long-span cable-stayed bridge is proposed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2019

In this study, an innovative anchoring approach has been developed dealing with all relevant aspects in consideration of previous works. An ultimate pulling force calculation of anchor is presented from a geotechnical point of view. The proposed umbrella anchor focuses not only on the friction resistance capacity, but also on the axial capacity of the composite end structure and the friction capacity occurring around the wedge. Even though the theoretical background is proposed, in-situ application requires high-level mechanical design. Hence, the required parts have been carefully improved and are composed of anchor body, anchor cap, connection brackets, cutter vanes, open-close ring, support elements and grouting system. Besides, stretcher element made of aramid fabric, interior grouting system, guide tube and cable-locking apparatus are the unique parts of this design. The production and placement steps of real sized anchors are explained in detail. Experimental results of 52 pullout tests on the weak dry soils and 12 in-situ tests inside natural soil indicate that the proposed approach is conservative and its peak pullout value is directly limited by a maximum strength of anchored soil layer if other failure possibilities are eliminated. Umbrella anchor is an alternative to conventional anchor applications used in all types of soils. It not only provides time and workmanship benefits, but also a high level of economic gain and safe design.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

As the height of the modular buildings increases, their stability becomes more and more dependent on the core. All traditional construction methods in structural concrete and steel can be utilized for cores in modular buildings but a core system with dry connection is more desirable to complete a greater degree of factory finish and faster erection of modular buildings. In order to do that, the hybrid PC(precast concrete) panel, which has a pair of C-shaped steel beams combined at the top and bottom of a concrete wall, was developed, In this study the cyclic lateral loading test on the hybrid PC panel is carried out and the panel configurations are examined to enhance the structural performance in comparison with the RC wall. Experimental results show that the strength of hybrid PC panel is about 70% of thar ot RC wall and the anchorage of vertical reinforcing bar welded to C-shaped steel beam needs to be improved.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.119-146
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• 2023

Purpose - As the severity of air pollution caused by the shipping industry is becoming evident, port authorities have started making efforts to reduce air pollutants. Considering the limitations of the currently implemented emission-control area (ECA) and vessel-speed reduction program (VSRP), which are narrow in the designation range and navigation behavior of ships, this study proposes an emission-control route (ECR) that can complement the aforementioned two environmental policies. Design/methodology - This study was conducted on Korea-China trade service routes (ports of call) of regular liners. This study employed vessel-specific data, which is from an automatic identification system (AIS), for 1,728 maritime transportations performed by 387 container vessels during one year (July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022). Performing a scenario analysis, this study analyzed the effectiveness of reduced air-pollutant emissions. Findings - This study found that the implementation of ECRs could increase average voyage time by 12.38%-25.28% but reduced air-pollutant emissions by 29.02%-43.54%. Additionally, the increase in average voyage times reduces the anchorage time of ships outside ports, providing an incentive for ship operators to voluntarily participate in compliance with regulations, thereby contributing to the establishment of a virtuous cycle of air-environmental policies related to ships. Originality/value - This study aims to verify the policy effectiveness by designing an ECR scope for liner trade routes between Korea and China. Therefore, originality and the value of this study includes conceptualizing the ECR system, analyzing its environmental performance, and exploring new policies that can be implemented while complementing existing policies.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.267-284
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• 2022

A subsea pipeline designed across active shipping lane prones to failure against external interferences such as anchorage activities, hence risk assessment is essential. It requires quantifying the geometric probability derived from ship traffic distribution based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The actual probability density function from historical vessel traffic data is ideal, as for rapid assessment, conceptual study, when the AIS data is scarce or when the local vessels traffic are not utilised with AIS. Recommended practices suggest the probability distribution is assumed as a single peak Gaussian. This study compares several fitted Gaussian distributions and Monte Carlo simulation based on actual ship traffic data in main ship direction in an active shipping lane across a subsea pipeline. The results shows that a Gaussian distribution with five peaks is required to represent the ship traffic data, providing an error of 0.23%, while a single peak Gaussian distribution and the Monte Carlo simulation with one hundred million realisation provide an error of 1.32% and 0.79% respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the multi-peak Gaussian distribution can represent the actual ship traffic distribution in the main direction, but it is less representative for ship traffic distribution in other direction. The geometric probability is utilised in a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for subsea pipeline against vessel anchor dropping and dragging and vessel sinking.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2024

To stabilize the excavations in urban area, soil anchorage is among the very common methods in geotechnical engineering. A more efficient deformation analysis can potentially lead to cost-effective and safer designs. To this end, a total of 116 three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of a deep excavation supported by tie-back wall system were analyzed in this study. An initial validation was conducted through examination of the results against the Texas A&M excavation cases. After the validation step, an extensive parametric study was carried out to cover significant design parameters of tie-back wall system in deep excavations. The numerical results indicated that the maximum horizontal displacement values of the wall (δ_hm) and maximum surface settlement (δ_vm) increase by an increase in the value of ground anchors inclination relative to the horizon. Additionally, a change in the wall embedment depth was found to be contributing more to δ_vm than to δ_hm. Based on the 3D FE analysis results, two simple equations are proposed to estimate excavation deformations for different scenarios in which the geometric configuration parameters are taken into account. The model proposed in this study can help the engineers to have a better understanding of the behavior of such systems.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2007

사장교 케이블은 구조적으로 휨강성과 감쇠력이 작아 풍우에 의해 쉽게 유해진동이 발생한다. 이러한 풍우진동을 저감시키기 위한 효과적인 방법으로 부가댐퍼를 장착하여 케이블의 감쇠력을 증가시키는 제어시스템이 널리 사용되어왔다. 그러나 댐퍼를 케이블의 정착부 부근에 설치할 수밖에 없는 구조적 한계로 인하여 충분한 감쇠력을 발휘하기 어렵다. 그러므로 본 논문은 수동제어시스템 보다 효과적으로 풍하중에 의한 케이블 진동을 제어하기 위한 능동제어시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 능동제어시스템은 케이블의 정착단에 베어링 장치를 장착하여 케이블 단부에서 횡방향 변위가 가능하도록 모델링 하였으며, 앵커리지 내부에 장착된 능동댐퍼를 이용하여 적절한 제어력을 제공하도록 하였다. 능동제어를 위하여 최적제어 이론을 이용 LQG 조정기를 설계하였으며, 수치해석은 실제 교량인 서해대교의 최장 케이블을 대상으로 하여 기존의 댐퍼 시스템과 수동, 능동 댐퍼 부착에 따른 케이블의 진동제어성능을 비교 및 분석하였다. 연구결과 제안된 능동제어시스템은 효과적으로 사장교 케이블의 진동을 저감시킬 수 있는 시스템임을 입증하였으며, 기존의 부가댐퍼 시스템 보다 효과적으로 진동을 저감시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2002

TEC-BEAM System은 구조용 CT형강, PC 콘크리트 그리고 현장타설콘크리트 슬래브로 이루어진 합성보이다. 이 시스템은 단순보에 대한 휨 및 전단실험을 수행하였고 우수한 거동을 보였다. 그러나 현장적용을 위해서는 TEC-BEAM과 RC 기둥 강접합 상세개발이 필요하다. 이 접합부는 TEC-BEAM의 하부에 발생하는 힘을 기둥에 전달하기 위한 매캐니즘을 발생해야만 한다. 그래서 TEC-BEAM의 단면이 증대되어 TEC-BEAM 플랜지 하부로 철근이 배근되는 접합부를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 시스템의 구조적 성능 평가를 위해 2개의 실험체에 대하여 실험하였다. 실험변수는 철근의 정착길이 즉, 증대된 단면의 길이이며, 실험결과 제안된 시스템은 우수한 접합부를 구조 성능을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2010

하역장치가 장착된 모바일하버 선박은 새로운 해상운송시스템 개념으로, 특정 정박지에서 대형 컨테이너 선박에 계류하여 해상상태 3 이하 조건에서 신속하면서 효율적인 컨테이너 하역작업을 수행하는 것이다. 모바일하버와 관련한 주요 연구로는 고속하역시스템, 부유체 구조 설계, 안벽하역시스템 해석 및 작업크레인 설계 등의 원천기술 개발을 중심으로 수행되었다. 본 연구는 모바일하버 선박의 하역작업 중 동적안정성 확보를 위한 계류안정화시스템을 개발하고자 하는 것으로, 국내외 계류장치에 대한 현황 분석을 기초로 현재 선박에 탑재되어 있는 의장장치인 윈치시스템에 계류안정화 기능을 추가시킨 포지셔닝윈치를 개발하여 모선과의 상대운동을 최소화하는 방안에 대한 개념설계를 제안한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5A호
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• pp.881-885
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• 2006

사장교 케이블은 구조적으로 휨강성과 감쇠력이 작아 풍우에 의해 쉽게 유해진동이 발생한다. 이러한 풍우진동을 저감시키기 위한 효과적인 방법으로 부가댐퍼를 장착하여 케이블의 감쇠력을 증가시키는 제어시스템이 널리 사용되어왔다. 그러나 사장교의 장대화로 인해 구조적으로나 미적으로 충분한 감쇠력을 제공할 수 있는 위치에 부가댐퍼를 장착하기 어렵게 되었다. 그러므로 본 논문은 사장교의 미관을 해치지 않으면서 기존의 제어시스템보다 효과적으로 케이블의 진동을 저감시킬 수 있는 새로운 개념의 제어시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 케이블 앵커리지에 적층고무베어링과 같은 유동이 가능한 장치와 내부댐퍼로 구성되었으며, 제어성능평가를 위해 해석모델을 개발하였다. 제안된 시스템의 제어성능 분석을 위해 수치해석을 수행하였으며 기존의 부가 댐퍼시스템과 진동 저감효과를 비교하였다. 제안된 제어시스템은 기존의 부가댐퍼 시스템 보다 효과적으로 진동을 저감시킬 수 있었으며 사장교 케이블의 풍우진동 저감을 위해 효과적인 시스템으로 사료된다.