• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Shoulder MRArthrography was performed to get an accurate diagnosis about complex anatomical structure in shoulder joint. We carried out how the changes of anatomical rotations in shoulder joint could bring certain diagnosis effects on MRI images for various shoulder humerus positions; Neutral position, Internal rotation position and External rotation position. In addition, we prepared an aid tool in oder to maintain the right posture of a patient. This aid tool was made by adapting Modeling Design Program. By virtue of this aid, we obtained the following result. Shoulder MR Arthrography by the External rotation position for anatomical structure diagnosis was the most suitable in diagnostic evaluations of important anatomical structures in shoulder joint such as Biceps tendon, Supera-spiatus tendon, Sub-scapularis tendon, Labrum and Sub-acromial space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.24-32
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• 2012

Of many approaches to reduce motion analysis errors, the compensation method of anatomical landmarks estimates the position of anatomical landmarks during motion. The method models the position of anatomical landmarks with joint angle or skin marker displacement using the data of the so-called dynamic calibration in which anatomical landmark positions are calibrated in ad hoc motions. Then the anatomical landmark positions are calibrated in target motions using the model. This study applies the compensation methods with joint angle and skin marker displacement to three lower extremity motions (walking, sit-to-stand/stand-to-sit, and step up/down) in ten healthy males and compares their performance. To compare the performance of the methods, two sets of kinematic variables were calculated using different two marker clusters, and the difference was obtained. Results showed that the compensation method with skin marker displacement had less differences by 30~60% compared to without compensation. And, it had significantly less difference in some kinematic variables (7 of 18) by 25~40% compared to the compensation method with joint angle. This study supports that compensation with skin marker displacement reduced the motion analysis STA errors more reliably than with joint angle in lower extremity motion analysis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Purpose: In surgical treatment of the medial orbital wall fractures, restoring the original position of the orbital wall is difficult in some cases. Under such condition, the orbital wall is often reconstructed with synthetic material, without bony reduction, which is considered to be the conventional reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of anatomical reconstruction, which restores the bony wall to the anatomical position, from that of the conventional reduction in the isolated medial orbital wall fractures. Methods: Thirty patients, who underwent reconstruction surgery for the isolated medial orbital wall fractures from March 2007 to August 2011, were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical outcomes of two groups, the conventional reconstruction group (15 patients) and the anatomical reconstruction group (15 patients), were studied in 2 measurements, a one day before and 6 months after the surgery. The changes of orbital volume were calculated by the images from a computed tomography scan and enophthalmos was measured by a Hertel exophthalmometer. Results: The orbital volume ratio was decreased by an average of 1.05% in the conventional reconstruction group, while in the anatomical reconstruction group, the ratio decreased by 5.90% (p<0.05). The changes in the Hertel scale were 0.20 mm in the conventional reconstruction group, and 0.70 mm in the anatomical reconstruction group. However, the difference in the Hertel scale was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the anatomical reconstruction technique of the isolated medial orbital wall fracture results in a better outcome than that of the conventional reconstruction, in terms of restoring of the original orbital volume and anatomic position. Thus, it can be considered as a useful method for the isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2020

The review provides updated concepts regard to the anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) footprints. The concept of anatomical ACL reconstruction, in which the graft is placed in the native ACL insertion area, has been introduced. However, there is still no consensus on the anatomical positioning of the femoral and tibial tunnel. In this study, authors review and update the literature regarding the tunnel position for anatomical ACL reconstruction.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coordinates of anatomical landmarks on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images in varied head positions before and after reorientation using image analysis software. Materials and Methods: CBCT images were taken in a normal position and four varied head positions using a dry skull marked with 3 points where gutta percha was fixed. In each of the five radiographic images, reference points were set, 20 anatomical landmarks were identified, and each set of coordinates was calculated. Coordinates in the images from the normally positioned head were compared with those in the images obtained from varied head positions using statistical methods. Post-reorientation coordinates calculated using a three-dimensional image analysis program were also compared to the reference coordinates. Results: In the original images, statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. However, post-reorientation, no statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. Conclusion: The changes in head position impacted the coordinates of the anatomical landmarks in three-dimensional images. However, reorientation using image analysis software allowed accurate superimposition onto the reference positions.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2002

Purpose: The purposes of the present study were to find the ideal insertion position syndesmosis screw and relation to the surrounding anatomical structures when indirectly inserting the screw anteriorly at a 30 angle at 3 cm proximal portion of the ankle join t. Materials and Methods: We performed computed tomography from the axial view in 20 normal individuals at 3 cm proximal portion of the ankle joint and divided the lateral side of the fibula into 4 sections. We drew a line from the middle of each of these 4 sections to the posterolateral tibia at a 30 angle and determined the relationship between each of these lines and the surrounding anatomical structures and confirmed the site at which each of these 4 lines passed through the posterolateral tibia which divided into 3 sections and the site of the fibula at which each of these lines passed through the middle 1/3 portion of the tibia. Results: The posterior 3/4 portion of the fibula that passed through the middle 1/3 portion of the posterolateral tibia in 18 cases. The portion did not approach the surrounding anatomical structures(Peroneal vessels and the muscular portion of FHL). Conclusion: The ideal insertion position of syndesmosis screw at 3 cm proximal portion of the ankle joint at a 30 angle is the posterior 3/4 portion of the lateral side of the fibula, and injury to the surrounding anatomical structures could be avoided when the screw passes through the middle 1/3 portion of the posterolateral tibia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.650-656
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the origin of meridian through the relationship between Five Su Points and arteriovenous anastomosis. We searched traditional studies about origin of merdian and papers on relationship origin of merdian and blood vessels. As bibliographic search results, we got the conclusion that it is funtion of arteriovenous anastomosis and its anatomical position. Next we compared relationship between it and merdian. We found that Jeong-Acupuncture Points of Five-Su Points and Geun-Acupuncture Points of merdian have close relate to anatomical position(similarities). When we compared relationship between arteriovenous anastomosis and hypertension, we found that Biao Acupuncture Points and Geun Acupuncture Points of merdian have close relate to regulation of blood pressure and blood circulation. According to this results, Five Su Points and arteriovenous anastomosis have close relationship in anatomical position and regulatory function of blood pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.317-324
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• 2002

Purpose: The use of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) program has increased for the analysis of brain PET and SPECT images. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate is used in SPM program as a standard anatomical framework. While the most researchers look up Talairach atlas to report the localization of the activations detected in SPM program, there is significant disparity between MNI templates and Talairach atlas. That disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates makes the interpretation of SPM result time consuming, subjective and inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to develop a program to provide objective anatomical information of each x-y-z position in ICBM coordinate. Materials and Methods: Program was designed to provide the anatomical information for the given x-y-z position in MNI coordinate based on the Statistical Probabilistic Anatomical Map (SPAM) images of ICBM. When x-y-z position was given to the program, names of the anatomical structures with non-zero probability and the probabilities that the given position belongs to the structures were tabulated. The program was coded using IDL and JAVA language for 4he easy transplantation to any operating system or platform. Utility of this program was shown by comparing the results of this program to those of SPM program. Preliminary validation study was peformed by applying this program to the analysis of PET brain activation study of human memory in which the anatomical information on the activated areas are previously known. Results: Real time retrieval of probabilistic information with 1 mm spatial resolution was archived using the programs. Validation study showed the relevance of this program: probability that the activated area for memory belonged to hippocampal formation was more than 80%. Conclusion: These programs will be useful for the result interpretation of the image analysis peformed on MNI coordinate, as done in SPM program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2533-2539
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• 2014

Aim: To take a deeper insight into the relationship between the root of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and the autonomic nerve plexuses around it by cadaveric anatomy and explore anatomical evidence of autonomic nerve preservation in high ligation of the IMA in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: Anatomical dissection was performed on 11 formalin-fixed cadavers and 12 fresh cadavers. Anatomical evidence-based autonomic nerve preservation in high ligation of the IMA was performed in 22 laparoscopic curative resections of colorectal cancer. Results: As the upward continuation of the presacral nerves, the bilateral trunks of SHP had close but different relationships with the root of the IMA. The right trunk of SHP ran relatively far away from the root of IMA. When the apical lymph nodes were dissected close to the root of the IMA along the fascia space in front of the anterior renal fascia, the right trunk of SHP could be kept in suit under the anterior renal fascia. The left descending branches to SHP constituted a natural and constant anatomical landmark of the relationship between the root of IMA and the left autonomic nerves. Proximal to this, the left autonomic nerves surrounded the root of the IMA. Distally, the left trunk of the SHP departed from the root of IMA under the anterior renal fascia. When high ligation of the IMA was performed distal to it, the left trunk of SHP could be preserved. The distance between the left descending branches to SHP and the origin of IMA varied widely from 1.3 cm to 2.3 cm. Conclusions: The divergences of the bilateral autonomic nerve preservation around the root of the IMA may contribute to provide anatomical evidence for more precise evaluation of the optimal position of high ligation of the IMA in the future.