• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.617-632
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the anatomical structure and fiber quality of four lesser-used wood species namely Benuang (O. sumatrana), Duabanga (D. moluccana), Pisang Merah (H. hellwigii), and Terap (A. odoratissimus). This study evaluated its suitability for raw material in pulp and paper manufacturing. The anatomical structure was observed macro- and microscopically. Macroscopic structures were observed directly to the wood samples, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber dimension was measured through macerated specimens and fiber quality was analyzed following the Rachman and Siagian's method. Results showed that these four timber species have similarity in the indistinct growth ring, diffuse porous in a radial pattern, rounded solitary vessel outline, 1 to 3 cells of ray width, deposits within the rays, fiber length, and cell wall thickness. Differences were found on vessel diameter, vessel grouping, vessel frequency, tyloses existence, type of axial parenchyma, and ray height. Based on fiber length and its derived values, the wood fibers of all species studied are suitable for pulp and paper manufacturing. They belong to the II quality class. The produced pulp and paper would have good quality, especially in tensile, folding, and tear strength. To promote their utilization, silviculture aspect of these four species has to be well understood.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Recently, various types of pedicle screws have been developed considering the anatomical structure of the spine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pullout stiffness and strength of two types of commercial pedicle screws. The design of two type screws were single pitched thread (ST) pedicle screw and dual pitched thread (DT) pedicle screw, respectively. The tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM standards using polyurethane (PU) test blocks which has anatomical structure of the spine. There was no significant difference in pullout stiffness between two types of screw. However, DT exhibited higher pullout strength than ST (p<0.05). Pedicle screw with dual pitched thread showed higher pullout strength without decrease in pullout stiffness compared to the standard pedicle screw. In conclusion, dual pitched thread design of the pedicle screw is considered to be more suitable than the single pitched thread for the anatomical structure of the spine.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Purpose: The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomical structure during local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mental nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Thus, understanding the anatomic features of the mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen in Korean could contribute to the surgical anatomic assessment. This study was to elucidate frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) in Korean using 3D cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The CBCT (Conbeam computed tomography) DICOM data (Alphard, Asahi, Japan) from 540 patients in korean were analyzed. We investigated images of 3D CBCT using Ondemand (CyberMed, Korea) software program on the incidence and anatomical characteristics of accessory foramen. Results: The accessory mental foramina were found in 17 patients. Accessory mental foramina exist predominantly in the apical area of the second premolar and posteroinferior area of the mental foramen. The accessory branches of the mandibular canal showed common characteristics in the course of gently sloping posterosuperior direction in the buccal surface area. The size of most AMF was obviously smaller than that of MF. Conclusion: We could identify frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) by the anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen using 3D cone beam CT in Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.656-669
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• 2018

Tropical bamboo species, which have a very rapid growth rate, are considered as a promising non-timber forest product capable of exhibiting new functionality by carbonization technology. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of carbonized bamboos from Andong (G. pseuudoarundinacea (Steudel) Widjaja), Hitam (G. atrovialacea), Tali (G. apus), Kuning (B. vulgaris Var. striata (Lodd. Ex Lindl)), and Ampel (B. vulgaris Scharad. ex Wendland), and Betung (D. asper). Each bamboo was carbonized at 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1,000^{\circ}C$, respectively, and their physical and anatomical characteristics were investigated. The result showed that the volume and weight of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature and showed the substantial changes of volume and weight between 200 and $400^{\circ}C$. The highest and the lowest density of carbonized samples were found in Ampel bamboo and Betung bamboo, respectively. The density of all carbonized bamboos tended to decrease after carbonization at 200 and $400^{\circ}C$ and relatively become constant afterwards. The carbonized bamboo prepared at 800 and $1,000^{\circ}C$ showed better refining degree. The results of the anatomical observation showed that the vascular diameter of carbonized bamboo decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, and the shrinkage in radial and tangential direction showed similar tendency. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant correlation between physical contraction and anatomical contraction. Based on the results of this study, comprehensive data about Indonesian bamboo charcoals could be obtained and it will be useful for future application studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1983

Some morphological and anatomical characteristics of four Abies species in Korea were investigated to find the characteristics and the taxonomical relationship between the species. The results were summarized as follows: There was no significant difference in needle thickness and number of hypodermic cell layer among 18 morphological and anatomical characteristics of cone and needle between the species. A. koreana and A. nephrolepis were similar in above fourteen characters and A. holophylla and A. firma were also similar in the 14 characters. A. koreana and A. firma showed similarity in above two characters. Main resin canals of needles in A. koreana and A. nephrolepis were situated in leaf margin (L-LM), those of A. holophylla, in L, L-M and M, and that of A. firma fully in other locations except L.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2013

A Korean folk medicine, "DangYak (當藥)" has been used as a bitter stomachic in Korea. With regard to the botanical origin of this crude drug, it has been considered to be from Swertia species (Gentianaceae), but there was no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of three Swertia species growing in Korea, Swertia japonica Makino, S. pseudochinensis Hara and S. tetrapetala Pall. were compared to clarify the botanical origin of "DangYak". As a result, it was determined that the commercial "DangYak" from Korean traditional market was proved to be the whole plant body mixture of Swertia japonica and Swertia pseudochinensis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1983

Twigs bearing floral buds of Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense(Ryp) and R. sinmsii(Rs), hardy species in Korea, were used to investigate the cold hardiness in relation to the developmental and anatomical characteristics, and the changes of water content. In floral buds of both species, the reproductive organs, pistils and stamens, matured within the bud scales in early ctober to prepare for a cold acclimation. The ray parenchymatous areas occupied in xylem were 41% in Ryp and 38% Rs. As the storage temperature is raised from 2 to 17$^{\circ}C$, water content increased more highly in Rs than in Ryp. Exotherm temperature of floral bud in Ryp was generally lower than that in Rs. The result supports that the higher cold-hardiness is achieved owing to the earlier maturation of floral buds, to the larger area of ray parenchyma in xylem, and to the lesser increase of water content as the storage temperature is raised.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1999

The ultrastructural characteristics of shear fracture surfaces of laminated wood prepared from major four Korea wood specimens were examined. Commercial urea and urethan resin were used as adhesives for laminated woods of both homospecies and heterospecies. The morphology of fracture surface was observed using an optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three anatomical failure types were recognized : intercell failure, intrawall failure and transwall failure. In dry specimen, failure occurred mainly in woods. Laminated woods of softwoods showed mostly intrawall failure and transwall failure of tracheids, and them of hardwoods indicated mainly intrawall failure and interwall failure. Laminated woods prepared with urethan resin showed coarse fracture surface, on the other hand, those prepared with an urea formaldehyde resin had clean surface. In wet specimen, failure occurred dominantly in glue line. Intrawall failure and flags were characterized in laminated wood prepared with urethan resin. In heterospecies laminated woods, failure was occurred mainly in softwood. Consequently, fracture morphology of laminated wood may be influenced by adhesives, moisture content, species and anatomical characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 1999

Anatomical and chemical properties of three mulberry species (Morus spp) were analyzed as an alternative row material for the paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) . The pulping and papermaing characteristics of bast fiber and whole stalks by three different pulping processes, conventional alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide, and sulfomethylated, for the Hanji were investigated. The fiber dimension of M.bombycis was the biggest of the species. The fiber length of upper part and the fiber width and cell wall thickness of lower part were bigger than the others. The extractives and ash contents of bast fiber were higher than those of whole stalk , and holocellulose and lignin contents of whole stalk were higher than those of bast fiber. The pulp yields of M.alba bast fiber, M.bombycis whole stalk, and sufomethylated pulping were higher than the others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1321-1325
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• 2001

Color characteristics of pig ${\times}$ wild boar meat were determined with a fiber-optic spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometric characteristic of reduced-myoglobin observed after cutting immediately changed to the spectrophotometric characteristic of oxymyoglobin after 15 minutes of cutting. The spectrophotometry at 400 to 700 nm after 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of cutting changed slightly. Compared with M. longissimus thoracis, M. rhomboideus had higher reflectance around 400 nm and from 650 to 1,100 nm and M. spinalis was lower in the visible light region after 60 minutes of cutting. The pig ${\times}$ wild boar meat was similar in reflectance shape with pork but was lower in intensity. The differences depended on the anatomical location. The M. rhomboideus from pig ${\times}$ wild boar had greatly lower reflectance than that from pig, the M. longissimus thoracis reflectance was lower, but M. spinalis reflectance hardly differed. These results showed that pig ${\times}$ wild boar meat had no special characteristic of blooming but had distinguishing characteristic of meat color among anatomical locations.