• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2013

In this paper, two new methods called Improved Amplitude-Frequency Formulation (IAFF) and Energy Balance Method (EBM) are applied to solve high nonlinear oscillators. Two cases are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the convenience of these methods. The results of Improved Amplitude-Frequency Formulation are compared with those of EBM. The comparison of the results obtained using these methods reveal that IAFF and EBM are very accurate and can therefore be found widely applicable in engineering and other science. Finally, to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods, the response of the oscillators, which were obtained from analytical solutions, have been shown graphically and compared with each other.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.565-581
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• 2018

This paper proposes a new analytical formulation for computing the seismic input at various levels of a structure in terms of floor response spectra. The approach, which neglects the dynamic interaction between primary structure and secondary element, is particularly useful for the seismic assessment of secondary and non-structural elements. The proposed formulation has a robust theoretical basis and it is based on few meaningful dynamic parameters of the main building. The method has been validated in the linear and nonlinear behavior of the main building through results coming from both experimental tests (available in literature) and parametric numerical analyses. The conditions, for which the Floor Spectrum Approach and its simplified assumptions are valid, have been derived in terms of specific interval ratios between the mass of the secondary element and the participant mass of the main structure. Finally, a practice-oriented formulation has been derived, which could be easily implementable also at code level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.90-95
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• 2001

A continuum-based shape design sensitivity analysis (DSA) method is presented for the acoustic radiation from thin body. The normal derivative integral formulation is employed as an analysis formulation and differentiated directly by using material derivative to get the acoustic shape design sensitivity. In the acoustic sensitivity formulation, derivative coefficients of the structural normal velocities on the surface are required as the input. Thus, the shape design sensitivities of structural velocities on the surface with respect to the shape change are also calculated with continuum approach. A simple disk is considered as a numerical example to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the analytical shape design sensitivity equations derived in this research. This research should be very helpful to design an application involving thin body and to change its acoustic characteristics.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 2012

The available analytical methods of analysis for laterally loaded piles in level ground cannot be directly applied to such piles in sloping ground. With the commercially available software, the simulation of the appropriate field condition is a challenging task, and the results are subjective. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the process of development of a user-framed numerical formulation, which may be used easily as per the specific site conditions without depending on other indirect methods of analysis as well as on the software. In the present study, a detailed three-dimensional finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of laterally loaded piles in sloping ground developing the 18 node triangular prism elements. An application of the numerical formulation has been illustrated for the pile located at the crest of the slope and for the pile located at some edge distance from the crest. The specific examples show that at any given depth, the displacement and bending moment increase with an increase in slope of the ground, whereas they decrease with increasing edge distance.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.83-105
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• 2013

In this paper, a multi-scale meshfree-enriched finite element formulation is presented for the analysis of acoustic wave propagation problem. The scale splitting in this formulation is based on the Variational Multi-scale (VMS) method. While the standard finite element polynomials are used to represent the coarse scales, the approximation of fine-scale solution is defined globally using the meshfree enrichments generated from the Generalized Meshfree (GMF) approximation. The resultant fine-scale approximations satisfy the homogenous Dirichlet boundary conditions and behave as the "global residual-free" bubbles for the enrichments in the oscillatory type of Helmholtz solutions. Numerical examples in one dimension and two dimensional cases are analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy of the present formulation and comparison is made to the analytical and two finite element solutions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2002

A finite element formulation for the time-domain analysis of linear transient elastodynamic problems is presented based on the weak form obtained by applying the Galerkin's method to the integro-differential equations which contain the initial conditions implicitly and does not include the inertia terms. The weak form is extended temporally under the assumptions of the constant and linear time variations of field variables, since the time-stepping algorithms such as the Newmark method and the Wilson ${\theta}$-method are not necessary, obtaining two kinds of implicit finite element equations which are tested for numerical accuracy and convergency. Three classical examples having finite and infinite domains are solved and numerical results are compared with the other analytical and numerical solutions to show the versatility and accuracy of the presented formulation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.653-674
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• 2007

This paper discusses the application of piezoelectric sensors used for evaluation of damping ratio of PVC plastics. The development of the mathematical formulation based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition for calculating the damping coefficient and natural frequency of the system is presented. A systematic experimental and analytical investigation was also carried out to demonstrate the integrity of several methods commonly used to evaluate the damping of materials based on a single degree freedom formulation. The influence of the sensors' location was also investigated. Besides the commonly used methods, a newly emerging time-frequency method, namely the Empirical Mode decomposition, is also employed. Mathematical formulations based on the Hilbert-Huang formulation, and a frequency spacing technique were also developed for establishing the natural frequency and damping ratio based on the output voltage of a single piezoelectric sensor. An experimental investigation was also conducted and the results were compared and verified with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), revealing good agreement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.437-449
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to develop an analytical model of a beam with open cracks and external strengthening which is able to predict its modal scheme components (natural frequencies and mode shapes). The model is valid as far as the excitation level is low enough not to activate non linear effects. The application field of the model are either the prediction of the efficiency of the reinforcement or the non destructive assessment of the structural properties. The degrees of freedom associated to the fault lips must be taken into account in order to introduce the effect of the external strengthening. In a first step, an analytical formulation of a beam with thin notches is proposed according to the references. The model is then extended to incorporate the strengthening consisting in a longitudinal stiffness applied in the vicinity of the cracks. In a second step, the analytical results are compared with these obtained from a finite element simulation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.595-614
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• 2001

This paper studies the behaviour of a homogeneous cable in a horizontal rigid duct and loaded by an axial compressive force. This behaviour is characterized by spatial buckling modes, named sinusoidal and helical, due to friction and total or partial cable locking. The evaluation of critical buckling loads involved by drilling technology has been studied by many authors. This work presents a new formulation, taking the friction effects into account, for the transmission of the axial load during the postbuckling process. New analytical expressions of pitches in both buckling cases are also given. A life-sized bench is presented, which permits to study the laying of optical fiber cables by squeezing them into an underground duct. Finally, analytical solutions are compared with experimental tests and finite element simulations.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.529-544
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• 2011

Many international organizations, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Collaborative International Pesticide Analytical Council (CIPAC), have published a guide to quality control requirements, proficiency testing and method validation for pesticide formulation. In general, proficiency testing is to determine the performance of individual laboratories from the comparison of test results and to monitor a laboratory's performance abilities. One of quality assurance (QA) scheme would be include the validation of analytical method that implies a performance characteristics, specificity, selectivity, linearity and so on. According to many international organizations, the quantification methods of active substance in formulated pesticide products are required to be reproducible, accurate and precise. This study was conducted to compare the international guidelines for the quality control, proficiency testing and method validation of analytical laboratories and to propose a general guidance for the establishment of quality control system in the analytical chemistry laboratories of pesticide formulation in domestic.