• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.192-199
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• 2016

This article examines the location strategies of coffee franchises in Gyeonggi province. Due to its large population, broad area, and diverse industrial structure, Gyeonggi province is an ideal dataset for empirical testing of the location strategies. We collect the addresses of five major coffee franchises stores, convert them into geographic coordinates using Google Maps Geocoding API, and compute Haversine distances both between stores of the same franchise and between stores of different franchises. This novel approach leads to three discoveries. First, coffee-consuming age population is positively related to the number of stores and more strongly for commercial areas with a large floating population. Second, one third of Starbucks stores have another Starbucks store within a radius of 300m, which empirically confirms the 'Focused Destroy Strategy' of Starbucks that has multiple stores in central business districts. Third, for 80% of Starbucks stores, we can find Ediya stores within 500m, which supports Ediya's 'Next-to-Starbucks Strategy'. Our research methods can be efficiently applied to the analyses of other retail businesses such as convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and mobile phone shops.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2004

This paper is to introduce an article published in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2003. In this research, a fracture mechanics model is developed to illustrate the importance of time-dependence far brittle fractured rock. In particular a model is developed fer the time-dependent degradation of rock joint cohesion. Degradation of joint cohesion is modeled as the time-dependent breaking of intact patches or rock bridges along the joint surface. A fracture mechanics model is developed utilizing subcritical crack growth, which results in a closed-form solution for joint cohesion as a function of time. As an example, a rock block containing rock bridges subjected to plane sliding is analyzed. The cohesion is found to continually decrease, at first slowly and then more rapidly. At a particular value of time the cohesion reduces to value that results in slope instability. A second example is given where variations in some of the material parameters are assumed. A probabilistic slope analysis is conducted, and the probability of failure as a function of time is predicted. The probability of failure is found to increase with time, from an initial value of 5% to a value at 100 years of over 40%. These examples show the importance of being able to predict the time-dependent behavior of a rock mass containing discontinuities, even for relatively short-term rock structures.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

The mainstream of cinema animated film in today's world is the animated film produced by film companies such as Disney, DreamWorks, and 20th Century Fox. These animated films are influenced by Hollywood blockbusters, high cost, and big-budget, which have brought a gorgeous and splendid audio-visual feast to the global audience. DreamWorks Studios founded in 1994 has become noted in just over ten years. It has produced many high-quality animated works which are well-known all over the world. This achievement is no doubt inseparable from its superior external animation industry environment, and benefited from the American animation industry which commercially operated for almost 100 years. However, in addition to these external environmental factors, DreamWorks' achievements have also come from the extraordinary and superior creation of the animated film scripts, strong narrative script ensures the logic and appeal of animated films. This article takes Kung Fu Panda series, Shrek series, The Prince of Egypt, The Croods, Chicken Run, Megamind and other representative films produced by DreamWorks as key analysis object, using Jean Baudrillard's simulation and imaging theory, Syd Field's screenwriting skills, and Hegel's aesthetic point of view, explores the Creative Style of DreamWorks' Animated Film Script which contains the following four aspects. The script is exaggerated and novel, and the subject matter is rich and targeted. The script creation is very imaginative and can fully express the visual beauty. The structure of the story is well controlled, the space comes from reality but full of imagination. The characters have distinctive personality and the dialogue is moderated but forceful.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.366-380
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• 2015

Park Geun-hye Administration has been leading HOPE Area(Living Happiness Sphere) policy as a part of strategy for the regional development. Recent study on HOPE Area policy mainly focuses on how to enhance cooperation among local governments or how to activate the HOPE area. However, as far as I found, the research on how HOPE area guideline as an institution is made and how HOPE area, the effect of the institution, is demarcated has not well been conducted. With based on these issues, this article aims to identify and examine the process of the HOPE area guideline-making and the designation of the HOPE area. For this purpose, new institutionalism is utilized for the analysis. The guideline was made through competition and compromise among a few parties concerned rather than a decision by unitary elite group, and the final outcome of the process reflected the balanced development strategy more than the growth pole development strategy. There was a tendency that the local governments try to make many HOPE areas by overlapping the HOPE areas, which are the outcomes of the bottom-up approach. In Seoul metropolitan area, a new type of HOPE area was introduced one year later than the other local regions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.667-690
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• 2016

This paper reviews the evolution process of global production network(GPN) discourse, from its origin to the recent theorization, namely GPN 2.0. In so doing, the discursive formation of global production networks is introduced in comparison with a competing discourse global commodity/value chains, with particular attention to conceptual and analytical lacunae in the latter. This article also outlines how the global production network perspective has become a useful discursive and practical tool that allows the examination of the nexus of global economy, transnational corporations, and regional development. Subsequently, a theoretical dearth in the approach is discussed in reference to key critiques, and in this context Yeung and Coe's recent theorization GPN 2.0, which is centered on casual mechanisms and network configurations is reviewed. This paper suggests that the theory adequately addresses the problem of casuality lacking in its precedented conceptual framework, and that it helps exploring the formation and evolution processes of varied production networks(including intrafirm coordination, interfirm control, strategic partnership, and extrafirm bargaining) in connection with competitive dynamics and risky environments. As a result of the theorization, the difference between GPN and the chain approaches has become more apparent, and the idea of extrafirm bargaining is particularly important in the differentiation. Extrafirm bargaining is seen to be a comprehensive networking form inclusive of such GPN 1.0 analytical concepts as value, embeddeness, and power, and research attentive to, and engaging with, the extrafirm networks is expected to help transcending the chain governance approaches' analytical excess of interfirm linkages and industry-centeredness.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.37
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• pp.141-190
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• 2021

In early modern Korea, the founders of three main-stream indigenous new religions, Choi Je-woo (崔濟愚), Kang Il-sun (姜一淳), and Park Jungbin (朴重彬), were all ruined yangban, who could no longer maintain the social dignity of yangban. Prior to their regular religious activities, they earned livings as rural teachers, peasants, merchants, and fortune-tellers. They were marginalized for having declined from upper-class nobles to lower-class people. Due to their subalternal status, they religiously represented the inexpressible aspirations and resentments held by various subalterns. The millennial movements of marginal religions in the late Joseon Dynasty exposed and deviated from the fetters of the established order, but they did not propose a new alternative order to replace it. Unlike these millennial movements, Choi Je-woo, Kang Il-sun, and Park Jungbin all proposed utopian visions of post-subalternal alternative religions that systematically presented and practiced new alternative worldviews characterized by the "Great Opening of the Later World (後天開闢)." The world they longed for was one wherein anti-subalternal social regulation were overthrown, the oppression of various subalterns end, and the established social order was replaced. In this article, I have argued that three main-stream indigenous Korean new religions, Donghak (Eastern Learning), the Jeungsan-inspired religious movements, and Wonbulgyo (Won Buddhism) are utopian alternative religions. I made this argument by analyzing some aspects by which they represented subalterns and offered subalterns a new religio-social status.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was a systematic review of tongue movements in stroke patients with dysphagia. This study aimed to provide a basis for verifying the effects of tongue movement and identifying the tendency of tongue movement. Methods : A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and flow chart. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, RISS, and e-articles databases were searched. A total of six documents were investigated, and the PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the papers. Results : Three intervention methods were included in the six papers analyzed. Regarding the type of tongue exercise, three TPRT (Tongue to Palate Resistance Trainings) and two TSAT (Tongue Strength and Accuracy Training) were mediated through the IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), and only one study applied TSE (Tongue Stretching Exercise). The treatment effects for each intervention implemented in the literature were confirmed to be effective. However, generalizability of findings is difficult because of the small sample size. Further, no significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions : This study can help occupational therapists provide efficient swallowing rehabilitation treatment by applying tongue exercises to stroke patients with dysphagia. More research should be conducted to determine the effects of tongue exercise.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.101-124
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• 2018

After the establishment of the Korean Product Liability Act, a new clause on the burden of proof has been added and is being revised to meet the purpose of consumer protection. Article 3(2) of the new clause stipulates a provision for estimating a causal relationship when proving indirect facts to alleviate burden of proof. While consumer rights are increasing and public attention is drawn to consumer issues, problems are still emerging. In order to solve the problem, the U.S. Product Liability Act, which has strong consumer rights, was examined to describe the direction in which Korea's Product Liability Act should proceed in terms of consumer protection. The results of the comparative analysis show that the US has expanded the concept of strict liability in terms of rigorous liability, consumer dispute resolution, provable possibility, and litigation accessibility, The consumer dispute settlement system has thoroughly protected consumers by operating educational and systemic consumer ADR system. As for the possibility of proving, Korea has three provenances, and the United States has one. In the United States, where consumer lawsuits are frequent, lawsuits are more accessible than those in Korea, where the party responsible for proving is turned into a manufacturer and responsible for proving the case. This study focuses on consumer protection and provides implications for Korean product liability law.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.389-399
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• 2016

This study examined the status of studies on exercise interventions for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain that had been conducted over the past 10 years (2005-2014) in Korea. The existing reports were searched electronically using the database of RISS, National Assembly Library, KISS, and DBpia with the key words of middle-aged women, chronic low back pain, exercise, and exercise program. Finally, 12 articles were included in the review. One article was from nursing science, and 11 were from other disciplines. In a qualitative evaluation on the papers, 1 study scored 8 out of 10 points, 8 studies scored between 5-6 points, and 3 studies scored 3-4 points. Intervention sessions were conducted for 55 minutes, on average, each at a frequency of 3.1 sessions per week, for a total of 29.7 sessions. This study found that lumbar neuromuscular exercise, yoga exercise, and aquatic exercise were effective in rehabilitation in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain. In the future, these findings are expected to be used in nursing intervention for the establishment of the basis for evidence-based nursing practice.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.173-193
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• 2005

ASP service that is emerging as a new form of application outsourcing has the advantage of lower cost and risk. Therefore, ASP service may be attractive for small firms and even some new companies. However, studies about ASP service are rare in academic and professional journals, and most of the articles about outsourcing were considering mainly large enterprises. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effects of the some context variables of Korean small businesses on ASP service usage pattern, and the effect of ASP service usage pattern on user satisfaction and firm performance. The analysis results show that firm size has a positive impact on IT need of small businesses, and IT need of small businesses have a positive impact on training period and past usage period. Also, firm size, IT need, training period has an positive impact on ASP service usage pattern. However, ASP service usage period has no relationship on ASP service usage pattern. Finally, ASP service usage pattern has a positive impact on firm performance and user satisfaction, and user satisfaction has an impact on firm performance.