• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.570-577
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• 2020

This study is aimed at figuring out the influence of early childhood teachers' playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy. The subjects of the study were 262 early childhood teachers working in kindergarten and day care centers located in J City. The instruments were the Adult Playfulness Scale, the Sensitivity Scale, and the Play Teaching Efficacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. In order to find out the general background of the early childhood teachers, frequency and percentage were used. In addition, in order to assess the relationships among playfulness, sensitivity, and the play teaching efficacy of an early childhood teacher, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. Lastly, for examination of the effects and a relative explanation of the effects of playfulness and sensitivity on play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, there was positive correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in the early childhood teacher. Second, play teaching efficacy of early childhood teachers was influenced by their playfulness and sensitivity. In conclusion, the significance of this study is that there was a significant correlation among playfulness, sensitivity, and play teaching efficacy in early childhood teachers, and that both of the first two variables were factors influencing play teaching efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.E
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• pp.371-386
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• 1994

Ecological examinations of the radial growth Patterns of pine trees(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) growing on Mt. Namsan in central Seoul were made to test a Proposition that the pine trees decline due to the influence of air pollution and acid rain, which was proposed by some researchers in Korea, and the potential effects of current level of air pollutants to the growth of the Pine trees in central Seoul have been speculated. Tree-rings of 40 trees sampled at 3 sites of Mt. Namsan were prepared and examined using a Computer-aided Tree-Ring Measuring System at Kookmin University, Korea. Air Pollutant data collected by the Ministry of Environment( MOE ) and the Forestry Research Institute(FRI) were used to infer the general conditions of the environment. Correlation analysis was applied to the data set of tree growth and the other environmental factors. General information derived from the close examination of the tree-rings and the data on air pollution, drought and the other biological conditions suggested that the growth of the pine trees was severely affected by the occurrence of drought(climatic variation), the prevalence of the pine leaf gall midges(insects), and the suppression by the black locust trees(Robinia pseudo-acacia L.) (competition among trees). While the current condition of air pollution in Seoul cannot be categorized as good, the concentrations of air pollutants are not so high as to cause acute damages to the trees. In addition, while the data of rain acidity showed episodic low PHs of under 4.0, the average of them is far less acidic than those which were observed in either northeastern United States or central Europe, where the decline of trees were not solely attributed to any of the air pollutants. Considering the sequential facts that one of the most important environmental factors that affect the growth of trees is weather condition of the forest that the proposition of the decline of the pine trees was made without careful examination of the growth patterns and past growth history of them as well as the complex influences of many other factors including the weather conditions to the growth of trees, and that no objective explanation has been made on the causal relationships between the current condition of air pollution and the growth of the trees, such a proposition should be evaluated as invalid for the explanation of tree growth on Mt. Namsan in central Seoul, Korea. The author evaluates the factors of air pollution (including acid rain) as the predisposing factors, which may have the Potentials to chronically affect the tree growth at the forest ecosystem on Mt. Namsan for a long period of time. Ecosystem ecological studies should be further carried out to carefully explain both the functional and the structural aspects of the ecosystem processes, which include the biogeochemistry and the long-term changes of soil conditions as well as the growth of the other tree species on the mountain.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.470-483
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• 2003

This study analyzed the evolutionary content in 13 textbooks developed from the first to the 6th high school biology curriculum, The content analysis of textbooks, which were delineated nine component, was performed on the 80 evolutionary categories, According to the result, the proportion of the total evolutionary content in textbook increased from the textbooks developed by the Ist curriculum to the textbooks developed by the 6th curriculum, but the proportion of 'main narrative' in total evolutionary content was gradually decreased. It also showed that biology curriculum and points of view of textbook writers influenced on the proportion of evolutionary contents. On the whole, the topics of analysed textbooks exhibit insufficient diversity, Any categories- 'group selection', 'gene selection', 'gaps in fossil record', 'co-evolution', 'punctuated equilibrium', 'mosaic evolution', 'place of labor in human evolution', 'human race differentiation', 'criticism of "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", and 'human activities affecting evolution' - were not treated and others - 'theory of neutralism', 'theories of major episodes(excepting extinctions) found in the geologic time scale', 'sympatric speciation', 'clinal and area-effect speciation', 'polyploidy and evolution', 'gradualism' and 'evolution and origin of mammals' - were treated very lightly, the most emphasized topic was 'phylogeny in general' and 'formation of precells', 'miscellaneous' in the order of emphasis. 'Theory of natural selection' was lightly treated as just one of evolutionary theory though it should be emphasized as major theme of evolution. Also, the law of recapitulation, of which biologists doubt the validity, was discussed as an evidence of evolution in some textbooks. And the agents of genetic equilibrium disruption like genetic drift and migration were treated as of little importance. On the basis of above result, it was suggested that the textbook writers introduced the more meaningful evolutionary topics focused the theory of natural selection in explanation of evolution and evolution theory.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2003

A direct and precise explanation of soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode will be possible only when the individual gene(s) involved in the resistance are tagged. This study was conducted, (1) to identify and localize quantitative trait loci for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 14 on RAPD map, (2) to identify the magnitude and mode of inheritance for each quantitative trait loci, and (3) to identify the best combinations of quantitative trait loci for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 14. Thirty markers (29 RAPD and 1 RFLP) showed significant association with resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 14. From MAPMAKER/QTL analysis, we identified two regions (linkage group C-7 and linkage group C-9) for resistance to soybean cyst nematode .ace 14. The first quantitative trait loci that was localized at 6.0 cM from $H06^1$ on linkage group C-7 showed a dominant inheritance mode. However, we can not exclude the possibility of additive inheritance mode. The second quantitative trait loci that was localized between $B15^2$ and $E01^1$ on linkage group C-9 also showed a dominant mode of inheritance. One pair of flanking markers ($H06^1$ and $H06^2$) and B15$^2$ were used for multiple regression analysis. Marker combination that included 2 markers, $B15^2$ and $H06^1$, explained the highest total variance (22.9%) for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 14. Further localization of genes for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 14 and examination of interaction between quantitative trait loci will accelerate the exploitation of resistance to soybean cyst nematode.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.431-442
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate subjective symptoms according to the wearing, purchase and fitting status of soft contact lens wearers, and consumer perception of base curve. Methods : A survey was conducted for those who visited optical shops and lens shops in Seoul from June to August 2018. A total of 98 answer sheets they submitted were used for the analysis. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare subjective symptoms (dryness, glare, uncomfortable fitting, and decreased vision) according to whether fitting condition is screened (case history and push-up test, ect relevant to wearing sensation), and the odds ratio (OR) was obtained by the logistic regression analysis. Results : When the contact lenses were purchased, the rate of which the visual acuity test was performed was 86.6% at optical shop and 64.7% at lens shop. When purchasing contact lens and the contact lens was not tested for fitting, they more experienced dryness (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.25-15.62) and uncomfortable fitting (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.08-6.64) than testing for fitting. In addition, it was investigated that 87.8% of contact lens wearers did not know about the term base curve, 92.9% did not listen to an explanation related to the base curve when purchasing contact lenses, and 96.9% did not experience with base curve test. Conclusion : It would be thought that satisfaction of the contact lens fitting of existing consumers should be improved by changing a proper base curve by confirming the fitting condition when prescribing soft contact lens.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the questions generated by elementary school pre-service teachers when reading the teacher's guide for the refraction of light, and to analyze the difficulties in understanding the concept and in making instructional plans. A total of 592 meaningful questions were generated by 283 elementary school pre-service teachers after reading the teacher's guide of 'light and lens' unit in the 6th grade of the 2015 revised curriculum. Of these, 306 questions are for understanding the concept of physics and 286 are pedagogical questions. As a result of the analysis, in terms of understanding the concept of physics, the elementary school pre-service teachers encounter difficulties in understanding the concept of the 'cause' of the phenomenon suggested in the textbook, such as the cause of refraction, the reason for scattering light, and the cause of the image change depending on the focal length of the convex lens. In terms of instructional planning, it was followed by questions about how to explain concepts, questions about not being able to explain concepts to elementary school students and having to teach only phenomena, specific explanation methods for specific concepts, and experimental methods. Although the teacher's guide contains various explanations and supplementary materials to help teachers understand the concept, it can be seen that there are many elementary pre-service teachers who cannot answer questions about some concepts even after reading the guide. For concepts with a high frequency of questions, it is necessary to prepare a tutorial that is more understandable. In the instructional plan, there were many questions about teaching methods and experimental methods, so it is necessary to provide more examples and specific experimental methods for explaining concepts in the teacher's guide.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.154-163
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate relapse tendency after orthodontic treatment and determine the contributing factors by using the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS). Methods: The subjects were 80 patients with more than 2 years of retention period after completing orthodontic treatment at the dental hospitals of Busan University, Kyunghee University, and Dankook University. The posttreatment (T2) and post-retention (T3) ABO-OGS measurements were analyzed in relation to age, gender, Angle's classification, extraction, retention period, and pretreatment condition (initial peer assessment rating (PAR) index, T1) by multiple regression analysis. Results: Among the 7 ABO-OGS criteria, alignment worsened but occlusal contact and interproximal contact improved in T3, but not in T2 ($p$ < 0.01). The 4 other criteria showed no significant differences. Multiple regression analysis showed that alignment, occlusal relationship, overjet, and interproximal contact were significant linear models, but with a low explanation power. Age, gender, Angle's classification, extraction, retention period, and pretreatment condition (initial PAR index, T1) had little influence on the ABO-OGS changes between T3 and T2. Conclusions: An orthodontist's understanding of posttreatment relapse tendency can be useful in diagnosis and during patient consultation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2014

Carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CAs) are widespread zinc-containing metalloenzyme family. The enzyme catalyzes the reversible interconversion of $CO_2$ and $HCO_3$. This reaction is the main role of CA enzymes in physiological conditions. CA III, one of the CA isozymes, has been identified in many tissues. It is distinguished from the other isozymes by several characteristics, particularly by a lower specific activity and by its resistance to acetazolamide. However, the physiological function of CA III in fish is unknown. In this study, we examined the detection of CAs in the Shaggy sea raven Hemitripterus villosus, using SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing (IEF), and western blot analysis. We detected a significant protein band with molecular weight about 30 kDa from the tissues of H. villosus by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. A specific band of CA III with pI 7.0 was detected by IEF and western blotting in gill and muscle. The immunoreaction of anti-CA III expressed in the gill of H. villosus was much stronger than other tissues. One explanation for this result is that the fish gill is the only organ that is exposed to the external environment and that plays an important role in acid-base relevant ion transfer, the transfer of $H^+$ and/or $HCO{_3}^-$, for the maintenance of systemic pH. This is the first report on the identification of a carbonic anhydrase III-like protein from H. villosus.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.634-643
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• 2013

This study purposed to examine how emotional intelligence affect undergraduate students' personal agency beliefs. For the purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of 446 undergraduate students in metropolitan area. Data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. The results were as follows. The regulation of emotion of emotional intelligence and capability beliefs of personal agency beliefs were significantly different according to sex and others' emotion appraisal of emotional intelligence and capability beliefs of personal agency beliefs were significantly different according to school level. Also, the others' emotion appraisal of emotional intelligence and capability beliefs of personal agency beliefs were significantly different according to religion existence. There was a correlation between the emotional intelligence and personal agency beliefs. The others' emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion and use of emotion of emotional intelligence have an impact on personal agency beliefs including capability beliefs and context beliefs, the explanation concerning capability beliefs(47%) and context beliefs(22%) was persuasive. Therefore, when undergraduate students have to make career decision for their future, in order to encourage personal agency beliefs which are related to motivational factors, the consequence of emotional intelligence was verified. It is necessary to establish many kinds of supporting systems to encourage the emotional intelligence and personal agency beliefs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in six natural populations of Abies holophylla Max were investigated using ISSR marker system. From 6 ISSR primers, the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 85.6%, and the average expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) was 0.288. From the result of AMOVA, 94.4% of total genetic variation came from the differences among individuals within populations, and 5.6% was caused by those of among-populations. On the basis of Bayesian inference, genetic differentiation (${\theta}^{II}$ and $G_{ST}$) and inbreeding coefficient for all populations were 0.045, 0.038, and 0.509, respectively. The correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was highly significant at the Mental's test (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). Six populations divided into two groups according to the results of UPGMA and PCA. One group included Namwon, Cheongdo and Mungyeong population. The other was Inje, Hongcheon and Pyeongchang population. Also, in Bayesian clustering analysis, 6 populations were divided into two clusters. But Cheongdo population was assigned into the other cluster unlike those of UPGMA or PCA. Taking the regions based on the results of the cluster analysis into consideration of AMOVA, 3.9% of genetic variation came from the regional difference. The dendrogram from UPGMA could provide the most genetically reasonable explanation for the distribution of Abies holophylla populations in South Korea.