• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2005

본 논문은 QPSK 변조방식을 사용하는 W-CDMA 사용자 설비 시스템에서 진폭 불균형 및 위상 불균형과 같은 RF I/Q 성능열화 요인들에 의한 시스템 성능열화 현상을 다루었다. I/Q 진폭 및 위상 에러에 의한 인접 심볼 간 거리변화를 이용하여 BER 성능 열화를 분석하였고, Matlab 시뮬레이션을 통해 I/Q 진폭 및 위상 에러에 의한 BER 성능열화를 검토하였다. 테스트를 고려하여 구현된 RF 트랜시버와 변복조 측정 장비를 이용하여 성능열화를 에러 벡터 크기 값으로 측정함으로써 하드웨어 구현관점에서 W-CDMA사용자 설비 시스템의 I/Q 진폭 및 위상 에러에 관한 최소 성능요구 사항과 성능열화 요인 측정 방법을 제시하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2006

The cancellation performance of a linearization loop is limited by the degree of an amplitude imbalance and a phase imbalance. A delay mismatch causes a phase variation as a function of frequency. Therefore, the cancellation performance and linearization bandwidth are limited by a delay mismatch. The expression for the effects of an amplitude imbalance, a phase imbalance, and a delay mismatch on the characteristics of a linearization loop is derived and analyzed. The simulation results are compared with the results obtained by means of using a commercial simulation tool and the exact agreement is reported. The derived equation could be used in designing a linearization loop and predicting the cancellation performance of the linearization loop usefully. Some useful characteristics, known from the simulation results obtained by using the derived equation, of a linearization loop for designing and implementing feedforward amplifiers are described in detail.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2014

This article focuses on a hemispherical resonator gyro driven by the Coriolis effect. A hemispherical shell, called a resonator, is maintained in the resonance state by amplitude control and phase locking control. Parametric excitation has been used to control the amplitude. For rate measurement mode or FTR mode, nodal points have been kept to an amplitude of zero. Angular rate measurement has been demonstrated by rotating a resonator. Frequency mismatch between two stiffness principal axes is a major cause of low performance: vibrating pattern drift and reduced control effectiveness. This mismatch has been reduced significantly by the addition of small mass. A negative spring effect, which lowers resonance frequencies, has been verified experimentally.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 멀티베이스라인 인터페로미터 방향 탐지 시스템에서 진폭 및 위상 부정합 오차를 보정할 수 있는 공분산행렬 기반 자체 교정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 비용함수를 정의한 후 제한 조건을 갖는 비선형 최소화 방법으로서, 공간 섹터를 이용하여 부정합 오차를 획기적으로 교정하는 알고리즘이다. 다만 공간 섹터를 선정하기 위하여 초기 추정각을 요구하는 단점이 있으나, 이는 일반적인 비선형 최소화 문제의 공통적인 단점이다. 적절한 공간 섹터 간격을 선정하여 시뮬레이션한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존 인터페로미터 방식보다 표본바이어스, 표본표준편차, 평균제곱오차면에서 획기적으로 우수한 통계적 성능을 보여주었다. 더구나 섹터 간격이 도래각과 $5^{\circ}$ 이내일 경우에, 30 dB의 진폭 부정합 및 $50^{\circ}$ 이상 큰 값의 위상 부정합이 발생하는 경우에도 획기적인 보정 능력을 보여주었으며, 신호대 잡음비에도 덜 민감한 특징을 나타내었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.535-545
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel K-band (18 GHz) 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based $2{\times}2$ line-of-sight multi-input multi-output communication system. The system can deliver 356 Mbps on a 56 MHz channel. Alignment mismatches, such as amplitude and/or phase mismatches, between the transmitter and receiver antennas were examined through hardware experiments. Hardware experimental results revealed that amplitude mismatch is related to antenna size, antenna beam width, and link distance. The proposed system employs an alignment mismatch compensation method. The open-loop architecture of the proposed compensation method is simple and enables facile construction of communication systems. In a digital modem, 16-QAM OFDM with a 512-point fast Fourier transform and (255, 239) Reed-Solomon forward error correction codecs is used. Experimental results show that a bit error rate of $10^{-5}$ is achieved at a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 18.0 dB.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 Quadrature LC VCO(Voltage controlled oscillator)의 I/Q 오차를 분석하고, 그 분석된 결과를 이용하여 I/Q 오차 보정 회로를 제안한다. 제안된 I/Q 오차 보정 회로는 높은 주파수 대역폭을 요구하는 위상 오차 검출기를 사용하는 대신에 낮은 주파수 대역폭으로도 동작이 가능한 진폭 오차 검출기를 사용한다. 제안된 I/Q 오차 보정 회로의 검증을 위하여 2.5GHz Quadrature LC VCO가 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정으로 제작 및 측정되었다. 측정결과 제안된 진폭 오차 검출기를 사용해도 기존의 위상 오차 검출기는 사용하는 경우들과 유사한 I/Q 오차 보정 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 I/Q 오차 보정 회로는 1.8V 전원 전압에서 0.4mA 전류를 소모하며, 차지하는 칩 면적은 $0.04mm^2$이다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1939_1941
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• 2009

The modulation quality of the RF transmitter in a wireless communication system usually affects system performance and it mostly depends on both a nonlinearity and a distortion, from the intermodulation products and the I/Q mismatch such as I/Q amplitude error and a local phase error, respectively. This paper focused on how much the error vector magnitude(EVM) which describes the modulation accuracy changes according to the variation of the I/Q mismatch components at I/Q modulator. For this work, the equation for the EVM including the I/Q mismatch components can be induced and calculated in accordance with the variation of the I/Q mismatch components. Consequently, the effect of I/Q mismatch components on the EVM, which is required in the transmitter specification of Personal Area Network, can be clearly analyzed.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2017

Objectives Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in perception and cognition. Attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects central auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to compare MMN changes before and after treatment in schizophrenia patients and to assess their association with treatment response. Methods Twenty-three schizophrenia patients underwent an oddball paradigm. MMN was calculated by the difference waveforms of the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by subtracting standard from deviant stimulus. The clinical symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). Follow-up evaluation was conducted when the PANSS total score decreased by 30% or more (treatment response group) or before discharge (non-response group). Results The treatment response group showed significantly larger MMN amplitude improvement and latency reduction than the non-response group after treatment (Fz ; mean amplitude p = 0.035, FCz ; p = 0.041). The auditory hallucination group showed shorter latency than that of the group without hallucinations. Additionally, auditory hallucination was associated with prolonged MMN latency and shortened after treatment in the auditory hallucination response group (Fz ; p = 0.048). Conclusions These results suggest that the attenuated MMN amplitude reflects the progression of the disease. The increment of MMN amplitude and shortening of latency after treatment may reflect cognitive functional recovery of central auditory sensory processing.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 cross-eye의 두 재밍 안테나의 진폭 불일치로 인한 성능 저하를 고려한다. 진폭비의 불일치는 기계적 결함에 따른 실제 진폭비와 명목상 진폭비의 차이가 정규분포를 갖는 랜덤변수로 모델링한다. 1차 테일러 전개와 2차 테일러 전개를 통한 해석적 성능분석이 제안된다. 실제 진폭비와 명목상 진폭비의 불일치가 발생한 Cross-eye 재밍의 성능 측정은 mean square difference (MSD)를 계산함으로서 측정된다. 해석적으로 유도된 MSD는 1차 테일러 전개 기반 시뮬레이션 기반 MSD 및 2차 테일러 전개 기반 시뮬레이션 기반 MSD와 해석 기반 MSD와 비교함으로써 검증된다. 계산비용이 높은 Monte-Carlo기반 MSD보다 해석 기반 MSD가 우수함을 보인다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2010

This paper presents a gain and phase mismatch calibration technique for an image-reject RF receiver. The gain mismatch is calibrated by directly measuring the output signal amplitudes of two signal paths. The phase mismatch is calibrated by measuring the output amplitude of the final IF output at the image band. The calibration of the gain and phase mismatch is performed at power-up, and the normal operation of the RF receiver does not interfere with the mismatch calibration circuit. To verify the proposed technique, a 2.4-GHz Weaver image-reject receiver with the gain and phase mismatch calibration circuit is implemented in a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The overall receiver achieves a voltage gain of 45 dB and a noise figure of 4.8 dB. The image rejection ratio(IRR) is improved from 31 dB to 59.76 dB even with 1 dB and $5^{\circ}$ mismatch in gain and phase, respectively.