• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2020

부여 관북리 유적에서 시행된 동 생산 및 제련과정을 살펴보기 위하여 '나'지구, '라'지구 출토동 생산 부산물(동 슬래그 및 동 도가니) 11점의 과학적 분석을 시행하였다. 분석방법은 파장분산형 X-선 형광 분석, X-선 회절 분석, 금속 현미경 관찰, 주사 전자현미경-에너지 분산형 X-선 분석기, 전계방출 전자탐침미량분석기, 라만 마이크로분광분석법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 관북리 동 슬래그에서는 주로 도가니 슬래그 및 정련 슬래그에서 전형적인 특징으로 나타나는 규산염 광물, Magnetite, Fayalite, Delafossite 등이 검출되었다. 또한 관북리 동 슬래그는 외형 및 미세조직의 양상의 특성에 따라 1. 유리질 바탕 기지 + Cu prill, 2. 유리질 바탕 기지 + Cu prill + Magnetite, 3. 규산염 광물 바탕 기지 + Cu prill, 4. 결정질(Delafossite, Magnetite)/유리질(비정질) 바탕 기지 + Cu prill, 5. Magnetite + Fayalite, 6. 청동합금 슬래그로 분류되었다. 미세조직 내에는 SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, SO₄ P₂O₅, Ag₂O, Sb₂O₃ 등의 불순물이 잔재되어 있으며, 일부는 주석과 납이 합금되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 부여 관북리 유적에서는 동 생산과정 중 배소와 제련을 거친 동 중간생성물의 정련과 불순물이 함유된 동-주석, 또는 동-주석-납의 합금정련을 시행하였다고 판단된다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

F $e_{76-x}$ C $u_{1}$M $o_{x}$S $i_{14}$ $B_{9}$(x=2, 3)비정질합금의 열처리에 따른 자기적특성과 미세구조의 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 이들합금을 500 .deg. C에서 1시간 열처리한 경우, 결정화에 의해 약 20mm의 입경을 갖는 .alpha. -Fe의 초미세결정립 조직으로 변태하였으며, 이때 얻어진 합금의 실효투자율은 8~9*$10^{3}$, 보자력은 3~4A/m정도이었다. 초미세결정합금의 연자기특성을 크게 좌우하는 요소중의 하나가 입경의 크기이며, 우수 한 자성특성을 얻기위해서는 결정립의 미세화가 요구되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라 Fe-Cu-Mo-Si-B계 합금의 경우보다 우수한 연자기특성을 얻기 위하여 2단 열처리를 행하였다. 즉, 400 .deg. C에서 1~3시간 저온 열처리 후 500 .deg. C에서 1시간 고온열처리를 하면 입경이 10nm이하로 감소하였으며, 이때 얻어진 합금의 실효투자율은 1.2~ 1.7*$10^{4}$이고 보자력은 ~2A/m이었다. 이와 같은 연자기특성의 향상은 .alpha. -Fe(Si)결정립의 미세화에 따른 평균결정자기이방성 의 감소에 기인하는 것으로 믿어진다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.562-572
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• 2005

Statement of problem : Titanium is widely used as an implant material lot artificial teeth. Also, studies on surface treatment to form a fine passive film on the surface of commercial titanium or its alloys and improving bioactivity with bone have been carried out. However, there is insufficient data about the biocompatibility of the implant materials in the body. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the precipitation of apatite on titanium metal is affected by surface modification. Materials and methods: Specimens chemically washed for 2 minute in a 1:1:1.5 (in vol%) mixture of 48% HF 60% $HNO_3$ and distilled water. Specimens were then chemically treated with a solution containing 97% $H_2SO_4$ and 30% $H_2O_2$ at $40^{\circ}C$S for 1 hour, and subsequently heat-treated at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. All specimens were immersed in the HBSS with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, and the surface were examined with TF-XRD, SEM, EDX and XPS. Also, commercial purity Ti specimens with and without surface treatment were implanted in the abdominal connective tissue of mice for 4 weeks. Conventional aluminium and stainless steel 316L were also implanted for comparison. Results and conclusions : The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. An amorphous titania gel layer was formed on the titanium surface after the titanium specimen was treated with a $H_2SO_4$ and $H_2O_2$ solution. The average roughness was $2.175{\mu}m$ after chemical surface treatment. 2. The amorphous titania was subsequently transformed into anatase by heat treatment at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. 3. The average thickness of the fibrous capsule surrounding the specimens implanted in the connective tissue was $46.98{\mu}m$ in chemically-treated Ti, and 52.20, 168.65 and $100.95{\mu}m$ respectively in commercial pure Ti, aluminum and stainless steel 316L without any treatment.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1999

M ssbauer 분광법을 이용하여 비정질합금 Fe83B9Nb7Cu1의 자기적 성질을 연구하였다. 개선된 Vincze의 방법을 적용하여 각 온도에서 초미세자기장, 이성질체 이동치, 그리고 quadrupole line broadening의 분포함수들을 얻었고 큐리온도는 393K, Hhf(0)는 231kOe로 산출되었다. 환산된 평균 초미세 자기장(reduced average hyperfine field)의 온도 변화는 S=1 자기화 곡선에 비해 급히 감소하는 양상을 보였고 이를 설명하기 위해 Handrich의 분자장 이론에서 교환 상호 작용의 척도인 에 =0.75-0.64(T/Tc)+0.47(T/Tc)2의 온도 의존성을 도입하였다. 평균 초미세 자기장(Hhf(T))은 저온에서 스핀파 여기에 의한 공식 Hhf(T)=Hhf(0)[1-0.44(T/Tc)3/2-0.28(T/Tc)5/2- ]으로 분석하였고, 큐리온도 부근에서는 1.00[1-T/Tc]0.39의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 초미세 자기장 분포곡선의 선폭은 13K에서 102kOe (3.29 mm/s)였으며, 오도가 증가함에 따라 감소했다. 큐리온도 이상에서 평균 quadrupole splitting값은 0.43 mm/s였으며 quadrupole 이동치 분포에 의한 선폭 증가는 13K에서 0.1 mm/s, 320K에서는 0.072 mm/s 정도로 초미세 자기장 분포나 quadrupole line broadening에 의한 선폭 증가보다 작았다. 이성질체 이동치의 온도 변화에 Debye 모형을 적용하여 Debye 온도를 D=424K로 산출하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.1590-1592
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• 1999

We have fabricated good quality superconducting $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ thin films on Hastelloy(Ni-Cr-Mo alloys) with $CeO_2$ buffer layers by in-situ pulsed laser deposition in a multi-target processing chamber. Using one of electrical properties of YBCO superconducting which the resistance approaches to zero dramatically on transition temperature, we have researched to make power transmission line, we have deposited YBCO thin film on flexible metallic substrate. However, it is difficult to make films on flexible metallic substrates due to both interdiffusion problem between metallic substrate and superconducting layer and non-crystallization of YBCO on amorphous substrate. From early research, two ways-using textured metallic substrate and buffer layer-were proposed to overcome theses difficulties. We have chosen $CeO_2$ as a buffer layer which has cubic structure of $5.41{\AA}$ lattice parameter and only 0.2% of lattice mismatch with $3.82{\AA}$ of a-axis lattice parameter of YBCO on (110) direction of $CeO_2$. In order to enhance the crystallization of YBCO films on metallic substrates we deposited $CeO_2$ buffer layers at varying temperature $700^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$ and $O_2$ pressure. By X-ray diffraction, we found that each domination of (200) and (111) orientations were strongly relied upon the deposition temperature in $CeO_2$ layer and the change of the domination of orientation affects the crystallization of YBCO upper layer.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2009

Al-Fe-V-Si alloys reinforced with SiC particles were prepared by multi-layer spray deposition technique. Both microstructures and mechanical properties including hardness and tensile properties development during hot exposure process of Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si, Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/15 vol% $SiC_P$ and Al-10.0Fe-1.3V-2Si/15 vol% $SiC_P$ were investigated. The experimental results showed that an amorphous interface of about 3 nm in thickness formed between SiC particles and the matrix. SiC particles injected silicon into the matrix; thus an elevated silicon concentration was found around $\alpha-Al_{12}(Fe,\;V)_3Si$ dispersoids, which subsequently inhibited the coarsening and decomposition of $\alpha-Al_{12}(Fe,\;V)_3Si$ dispersoids and enhanced the thermostability of the alloy matrix. Moreover, the thermostability of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10.0Fe-1.3V-2Si/15 vol% $SiC_P$ are of higher quality than those of Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/15 vol% $SiC_P$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.52-52
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• 2009

To date, chalcogenide alloy such as $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$(GST) have not only been rigorously studied for use in Phase Change Random Access Memory(PRAM) applications, but also temperature gap to make different states is not enough to apply to device between amorphous and crystalline state. In this study, we have investigated a new system of phase change media based on the In-Sb-Te(IST) ternary alloys for PRAM. IST chalcogenide thin films were prepared in trench structure (aspect ratio 5:1 of length=500nm, width=100nm) using Tri methyl Indium $(In(CH_3)_4$), $Sb(iPr)_3$ $(Sb(C_3H_7)_3)$ and $Te(iPr)_2(Te(C_3H_7)_2)$ precursors. MOCVD process is very powerful system to deposit in ultra integrated device like 100nm scaled trench structure. And IST materials for PRAM can be grown at low deposition temperature below $200^{\circ}C$ in comparison with GST materials. Although Melting temperature of 1ST materials was $\sim 630^{\circ}C$ like GST, Crystalline temperature of them was ~$290^{\circ}C$; one of GST were $130^{\circ}C$. In-Sb-Te materials will be good candidate materials for PRAM applications. And MOCVD system is powerful for applying ultra scale integration cell.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

In the present study, we investigated the formation of self-organized nanostructure oxide layers on CP Ti and Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy in an electrolyte of 1M phosphoric acid and 1.5 wt% Hydrofluoric acid. The morphology of oxide film on substrate was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy The surface roughness of titanium oxide film was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and the crystalline of specimen was investigated using X-ray diffractometer. The results of this study showed that well-aligned titanium oxide nanotubes are formed with diameter of approx. 100nm and length of approx. 500nm with CP Ti. However, it is clear that TiTaNb alloy highly irregular structure with various diameters. Transmission electron microscope investigations show that the specimens were confirmed as amorphous. Such titanium oxide nanotubes are expected a well-adhered bioacitive surface layer on titanium substrate for orthopedics and dental implants.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2014

비정질합금이 가지고 있는 우수한 기계적 성질과 화학적 특성을 부품소재에 표면개질을 목적으로 고속화염 용사법으로 대면적 코팅층을 형성하였고 내열성이 높은 자융성합금과 초경합금 성분들을 적절히 혼합하여 비정질기지 복합재료를 제조하여 코팅들의 미세조직 관찰과 나노인덴테이션을 이용한 미세표면의 기계적 거동을 분석하였다. 각 코팅층의 미세조직을 관찰한 결과, 단일상 비정질 코팅에는 미용융 입자와 lamellae 영역이 존재하고 자융성합금이 고용된 복합재에는 in-situ $Cr_2Ni_3$ 석출물, 자융성합금과 초경합금성분이 함께 혼합된 코팅층은 석출물과 ex-situ WC 강화입자가 공존하였다. 이들 미세표면의 기계적 거동은 제 2 상이 고용된 비정질 기지 복합재의 코팅층의 기계적 특성이 전체적으로 향상되었다.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 1999년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.IX
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• pp.392-396
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• 1999

Superconducting YBa$_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$(YBCO) thin films were grown on Hastelloy(Ni-Cr-Mo alloys) with CeO$_2$ buffer layer in-situ by pulsed laser deposition in a multi-target processing chamber. To apply superconducting property on power transmission line, we have deposited YBCO thin film on flexible metallic substrate. However, it is difficult to grow the YBCO films on flexible metallic substrates due to both interdiffusion problem between metallic substrate and superconducting overlayers and non-crystallization of YBCO on amorphous substrate. It is necessary to use a buffer layer to overcome the difficulties. We have chosen CeO$_2$ as a buffer layer which has cubic structure of 5.41 ${\AA}$ lattice parameter and only 0.2% of lattice mismatch with 3.82 ${\AA}$ of a-axis lattice parameter of YBCO on [110] direction of CeO$_2$ In order to enhance the crystallization of YBCO films on metallic substrates, we deposited CeO$_2$ buffer layers with varying temperature and 02 pressure. By XRD, it is observed that dominated film orientation is strongly depending on the deposition temperature of CeO$_2$ layer. The dominated orientation of CeO$_2$ buffer layer is changed from (200) to(111) by increasing the deposition temperature and this transition affects the crystallization of YBCO superconducting film on CeO$_2$ buffered Hastelloy.