• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

There has been a significant increase in the number of multiple pregnancies that are associated with a high risk of preterm delivery among Korean women. However, to date, delayed-interval delivery in women with multiple pregnancy is rare. We report a case of delayed-interval delivery performed 128 days after the vaginal delivery of the first fetus in a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. The patient presented with vaginal leakage of amniotic fluid at 16 weeks of gestation and was diagnosed with a preterm premature rupture of membranes. Three days later, the first twin was delivered, but the neonate died soon after. The second twin remained in utero, and we decided to retain the fetus in utero to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with a preterm birth. The patient was managed with antibiotics and tocolytics. Cervical cerclage was not performed. The second twin was delivered vaginally at 34 weeks and 5 days of gestation, 128 days after the delivery of the first-born fetus. This neonate was healthy and showed normal development during the 1-year follow-up period. Based on our experience with this case, we propose that delayed-interval delivery may improve perinatal survival and decrease morbidity in the second neonate in highly selected cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8_spc
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• pp.1321-1330
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• 2019

Recent development of novel techniques in systems biology have been used to improve and manipulate the rumen microbial ecosystem and gain a deeper understanding of its physiological and microbiological interactions and relationships. This provided a deeper insight and understanding of the relationship and interactions between the rumen microbiome and the host animal. New high-throughput techniques have revealed that the dominance of Proteobacteria in the neonatal gut might be derived from the maternal placenta through fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid in utero, which gradually decreases in the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum with increasing age after birth. Multi "omics" technologies have also enhanced rumen fermentation and production efficiency of dairy goats using dietary interventions through greater knowledge of the links between nutrition, metabolism, and the rumen microbiome and their effect in the environment. For example, supplementation of dietary lipid, such as linseed, affects rumen fermentation by favoring the accumulation of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid biohydrogenation with a high correlation to the relative abundance of Fibrobacteriaceae. This provides greater resolution of the interlinkages among nutritional strategies, rumen microbes, and metabolism of the host animal that can set the foundation for new advancements in ruminant nutrition using multi 'omics' technologies.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2021

Background: This study analyzed the effect of applying the diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based payment system, which was implemented in July 2012 for hospitals and clinics nationwide, on the cesarean section rate. Methods: The subjects of the study were divided into new groups that participated in the payment system after July 2012 and maintenance groups that participated in the payment system before July 2012. As an analysis method, a difference-in-difference analysis, which is a quasi-experimental design, was used. The risk-adjusted cesarean section rate was used as a dependent variable. Results: Seven risk factors (malpresentation of fetus, eclampsia, multiple pregnancies, problems in the placenta, previous Cesarean section, cephalopelvic disproportion, problems in amniotic fluid) were included in the final risk-adjustment model, and found to have a statistically significant relationship with the cesarean section rate. Results showed that the risk-adjusted cesarean section rate increased significantly in new groups after the application of the DRG-based payment system. Conclusion: Study results provided policy implications for the reorganization of the DRG-based system should that reflects the demands of obstetricians, such as organizing a consultative body with obstetricians and establishing a reasonable fee.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 2023

This paper is a study to find the philological basis of Bihoon (鼻熏) therapy. There is no separate philological study of Bihoon therapy to date, and for this reason, there is no clear definition or specific treatment manual. In this study, a related database was created and analyzed by examining literature data related to Bihoon therapy, focusing on Korean traditional medical books. There were about 1,000 data points related to Bihoon therapy in 45 kinds of medical books. They were largely classified into 1. Acute diseases such as insensitivity, 2. Diseases that occur in the upper human body such as nose, head, eyes, and throat, 3. Women's diseases related to childbirth, 4. Treatment of skin diseases and prevention of infectious diseases. In the case of insensitivity treatment, the focus was on awakening the patient's mind, and the treatment of diseases such as the nose, head, eyes, etc. was focused on resolving each symptom. Symptoms related to childbirth were mainly treated for uterine escapism or fainting after childbirth, while skin diseases were mainly treated for diseases that did not heal well, such as amniotic fluid. If a multifaceted approach to non-discipline therapy is added in the future, it is expected that clinical utilization will also be increased.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2007

Purpose : FISH is suggested as a useful tool for rapid detection of specific aneuploidy in uncultured amniocytes abnormality in interphase nucleus. In this study, we are going to share our experience using FISH in prenatal diagnosis and suggest the criteria for the diagnosis of aneuploidy by analyzing the results of FISH test. Methods : From January, 1999 to May, 2006, 8,613 tests in amniotic fluids obtained from 7,893 pregnant women were performed by using FISH for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. The indications of chromosome study were a screen positive for Down syndrome or Edwards syndrome in maternal serum marker screening test and an advanced maternal age (${\geq}35$ years old). Results : We have the 8,502 informative results from 8,613 tests (98.7%) which is submitted our criteria and the sensitivity is 98.2%. Conclusion : FISH on uncultured amniocytes is a rapid, clinically useful tool for prenatal diagnosis, with informative specimens being highly accurate. But the limitation of FISH is both expensive and labor-intensive.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1994

Purpose of the present study was to find the optimal culture conditions for the maturation and fertilization of immature oocytes by the use human body fluids and gonadotropins (Gn) in the mouse model. Cumulus-enclosed mouse immature oocytes were incubated in the medium containing various human body fluids with or without Gn in vitro, and examined to confirm nuclear maturation (NM) and fertilization. Female ICR mice were stimulated with 7.5 IU pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Cumulus-enclosed immature oocytes were isolated at 48-52 hr post PMSG injection and cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with various concentrations (20, 50, and 70%) of human body fluids such as fetal cord serum (hCS), follicular fluid (hFF), peritoneal fluid (hPF) and amniotic fluid (hAF) in the presence or absence of 10 IU/ml PMSG and 10 IU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 18 hr. Fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as a control for the supplements. Matured oocytes were fertilized with sperm collected from the epididymis of male mice. Fertilization was conducted in T6 medium containing 15 mgl ml bovine serum albumin, and confirmed at 6 hr post-insemination. Evaluation of nucler maturation and fertilization was carried out by rapid staining using fuchin. There was no significant difference between the effects of human body fluids and FCS supplements on nuclear maturation of cumulus enclosed mouse immature oocytes. When maturation medium was supplemented with 20% hPF or 20% hAF, fertilization rates were significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of 20% FCS, hCS and hFF groups. However, higher concentrations of body fluids during IVM were not more beneficial on fertilizability of oocytes. The addition of Gn significantly increased the fertilization rates in hPF and hAF groups (hPF without Gn; 51.5%, compared with 85.1% for addition of Gn, and hAF without Gn; 30.1% compared with 85.8% for addition of Gn) at 20% concentration. These results suggest that human body fluids at 20% concentration and gonadotropins can be used as supplements for the maturation of mouse immature oocytes in vitro. When gonadotropins supplemented with the human body fluids in the maturation medium, fertilizability of mouse immature oocytes was increased in hPF and hAF groups. These results can be applied to maturation of human immature oocytes in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1999

A 4-year old Korean-native cow of third parturition delivered an deformed calf with congenital anasarca and hypoplasia of the extremity at Muan County in Chonnam Province. At parturition, the dam showed amniotic fluid approximately two times more than that at the normal and also occurred severe dystocia. The anomaly died before parturition was 82 cm long and weighed 25 kg. It was difficult to recognize the neck and face of the anomaly due to severe edema and the stretched tongue through mouth was found. The shape of the extremity was recognizable and the systemic hypoplasia of the body with marked edema was found. At necropsy, there was a large amount of serous fluid both in pleural and peritoneal cavity. Also the fluid was contained some of yellowish granular materials and diffusely was fulfilled in all subcutaneous tissue. There was a partial opening in diaphragm which was resulted in the protrusion of approximately half of liver toward peritoneal cavity. There were two kidneys (15${\times}$21 and 13${\times}$18 cm) on the left which were enlarged and relatively larger than the right one (13${\times}$9 cm). In addition, there were found slight to moderate hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with slight congestion, and diffuse edema of intestinal serosa. Lung (32${\times}$49 mm) with marked hypoplasia was smaller than the size of heart (56${\times}$45mm). Serological test to the dam showed relatively high antibody titer (＞64) to Akabane virus which might be involved in the outbreak of the deformed Korean-native calf as one of many causative agents.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2011

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells that can be found in umbilical cord blood from new borne babies as well as placenta, bone marrow, adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, muscle, et al. MSC are capable of renewing themselves without differentiation in long-term culture, also can be differentiated into various tissues under specific condition. Formulating a cryopreservation protocol for the MSC is required because these cells cannot survive for long periods under in vitro culture conditions and a new formulation of harmless cryoprotectant is needed for the direct injection of MSC into patients. The undifferentiated MSC were frozen with a vitrification solution of 40% ethylene glycol, 20% Ficoll-70 and 0.3M sucrose. The survival rate after thawing and their proliferation rate were examined and compared with slow rate cooling methods using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The vitrification method showed high survival rate after thawing and proliferation capacity comparable to DMSO. It can be suggested that ultra-rapid cooling method by vitrification is reliable methods for long term preservation of MSC and the vitrification solution with ethylene glycol, Ficoll-70 and sucrose will be more beneficially used for direct transplantation of MSC into patients than DMSO solution.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.164-175
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Traditional Korean Medicine therapy for patient in the state of post stillbirth by oligohydramnios Methods: The patient in this case was 33-year-old female who was pregnant by artificial insemination in 2010. Intrauterine growth restriction was discovered at 17 weeks after gestation. And oligohydramnios was found at 20 weeks after gestation. Amnioinfusion was done three times, amniotic fluid infection occurred in the process of amnioinfusion and she had a stillbirth. After stillbirth she came to our clinic with symptoms of abdominal tenderness, distention, mammalgia. The patient was treated by traditional herbal medicine therapy such as Saenghwa-tang(生化湯), Gungguijohyeol-eum(芎歸調血飮), Silso-san(失笑散) and Sasang constitution medicine(荊防地黃湯, 荊防敗毒散, 荊防瀉白散). The progresses of symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale. Results: After Traditional Korean Medicine therapy, the patient's symptoms caused by stillbirth was improved. Conclusion: This case study shows that the postpartum treatment in Traditional Korean Medicine therapy and Sasang constitution medicine is effective for the patient in the state of post stillbirth.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2007

Diagnosis and prevention of cytogenetics diseases are one of the most important parts in prenatal care. For that reason, it is necessary to examine birth defects. However, there is no reliable statistical data about birth defects in our country. In this study, the ratio of birth defects were determined by cytogenetics analysis and amniocentesis, in addition, the usefulness of amniocentesis was analyzed. The screening test and the triple marker test were conducted for 3,325 pregnant women of between 15 and 22 weeks gestation. Amniocentesis was performed for 170 pregnant women who were positive in the two tests, 184 women of advanced maternal age and 48 women with family history of chromosome aberrations. Among 419 women, 8 pregnant women who were positive in the triple marker test, 1 woman who close to the cut-off value in the triple marker test, 2 women with advanced maternal age and 1 woman who has history of chromosome aberration pregnance that was positive in cytogenetics analysis. The overall incidence of chromosomal aberration was 12 cases including 7 cases of Down's syndrome, 1 case of Patau syndrome, 1 case of Klinefelter syndrome, 1 case of Edward syndrome, 1 case of Robertsonian translocation and 1 case of XYY syndrome. These results show that amniocentesis for pregnant women who need chromosome test in prenatal cytogenetics analysis is very useful.