• 제목/요약/키워드: ammonia nitrogen

검색결과 1,143건 처리시간 0.031초

PFR 공정의 ASBF 구조에 의한 유기물제거와 질산화의 영향에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Removal Characteristics of Dissolved Organic and Ammonia Compounds in PFR of Aerated Submerged Bio-film (ASBF) Reactor)

  • 최영익
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제17권11호
    • /
    • pp.1265-1271
    • /
    • 2008
  • Aerated submerged bio-film (ASBF) pilot plant has been developed. The presented studies optimized an inexpensive method of enhanced wastewater treatment. The objectives of this research were to describe pilot scale experiments for efficient removal of dissolved organic and nitrogen compounds by using ASBF reactor in plug-flow reactor (PFR) and improve understanding of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen compounds removal rates with dynamic relationships between heterotrophs and autotrophs in the fixed-film reactor. This research explores the possibility of enhancing the performance of shallow wastewater treatment lagoons through the addition of specially designed structures. This direct gas-phase contact should increase the oxygen transfer rate into the bio-film, as well as increase the micro-climate mixing of water, nutrients, and waste products into and out of the bio-film. This research also investigated the efficiency of dissolved organic matter and ammonia nitrogen removals in the ASBF. As it was anticipated, nitrification activity was highest during periods when the flow rate was lower, but it seemed to decline during times when the flow rate was highest. And ammonia nitrogen removal rates were more sensitive than dissolved organic matter removal rates when flow rates exceeded 2.2 L/min.

Chemical Budgets in Intensive Carp Ponds

  • Peng Lei;Oh Sung-Yong;Jo Jae-Yoon
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • 제6권4호
    • /
    • pp.194-202
    • /
    • 2003
  • Budgets for water, nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined in two 0.012 ha earthy-bottom ponds stocked with Israeli strain common carp at an initial stocking density of $20\;fish/m^3$. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations increased continuously but later decreased in pond A as a consequence of high nitrification. COD concentrations increased during the experimental period due to the accumulation of feed input. Nutrient budgets showed that feed represented $94-95\%$ of nitrogen input and about 99% of organic matter input. Fish harvest accounted for $40\%$ of nitrogen and organic matter input. Seepage and water exchange removed $15-17\%$ of nitrogen input but only $1-2\%$ of organic matter. Draining of the ponds removed $20-26\%$ of input nitrogen, mostly in inorganic forms, but removed only minus organic matter. Fish and water column respiration accounted for $39\%$ of organic matter input, and benthic respiration accounted for $7-12\%$ of organic matter input. No significant change of nitrogen and organic matter in both pond bottoms were found during the three-month growth period. The unrecovered input nitrogen, about $6.3-13\%$, was lost through denitrification and ammonia volatilization. On a dry matter basis, fish growth removed $31\%$ of total feed input and left $69\%$ as metabolic wastes.

대두(大豆)에 대한 Ammonia 가스의 영향 (Effects of ammonia gas on soybean plant)

  • 김복영;한기학;김선관
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.109-116
    • /
    • 1979
  • Ammonia 가스를 $0.15mg/{\ell}$, $0.25mg/{\ell}$, $0.5mg/{\ell}$로 대두(大豆)의 영양생장기에 각(各) 1시간(時間)씩 접촉(接觸)시켰고, $0.2mg/{\ell}$의 Ammonia 가스를 1일중시각별(日中時刻別)로 06:00-07:00, 10:00-11:00, 14:00-15:00, 18:00-19:00, 22:00-23:00시(時)에 각각(各各) 1시간(時間)씩 접촉(接觸)시켜 대두(大豆)의 수량(收量), 피해증상, 피해엽율(被害葉率), 체내질소 및 엽록소 함량(含量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 가. Ammonia 가스농도(濃度)가 증가함에 따라서 유의성(有意性)있는 피해엽율(被害葉率) 및 감수율증가를 가져왔고, 주간(晝間)에 접촉(接觸)한 것이 야간(夜間)에 접촉(接觸)한 것보다 감수(減收)가 컸다. 나. 피해엽율(被害葉率)과 수량간(收量間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 부(否)의 상관($r=-0.9553^{**}$)이 있었다. 다. $0.2mg/{\ell}$의 Ammonia 가스는 14:00-15:00시(時)에 접촉(接觸)한 것이 피해엽율(被害葉率)이 가장 컸으며 22:00~23:00시에 접촉(接觸)한 것이 가장 적었다. 라. Ammonia 가스농도증가에 따라 식물체내 전질소(全窒素) 및 수용성질소함량(水溶性窒素含量)은 증가하는 경향(傾向)이고 엽록소함량은 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 엽록소 a는 b보다 감소정도(減少程度)가 컸다. 마. 체내질소함량은 오후(午後)에 접촉(接觸)한 것이 오전(午前)에 접촉(接觸)한 것보다 많았으며 엽록함량은 야간(夜間)에 접촉(接觸)한 것이 주간(晝間)에 접촉(接觸)한 것보다 많았다. 바. 엽록체의 Spectra는 10~11시(時)에 가장 감소(減少)가 컸고 22~23시(時)에 가장 감소(減少)가 적었다.

  • PDF

단축질소제거 공정을 이용한 가축분뇨의 적정 처리조건 연구 (Optimal Operation Condition of Livestock Wastewater Treatment Using Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal Process)

  • 강진영;장영호;정병환;김연진;김용호
    • 한국물환경학회지
    • /
    • 제39권5호
    • /
    • pp.390-395
    • /
    • 2023
  • The feasibility of applying the shortcut nitrogen removal process to treat livestock wastewater on individual farms was examined, and appropriate operating parameters were established. As a result,, it was determined that the nitrification reaction was carried out under 550 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen concentration, but it was less effective under conditions of high ammonia concentration. Consequently, it was confirmed that a partial injection of inflow water was necessary to minimize the effects of ammonia toxicity. Following the sequential batch reactor (SBR) operation results, it was difficult to achieve the effluent quality standard without an external carbon source. Also, selection of the appropriate hydraulic retention time was critical for the optimal SBR operation. Following the livestock farm application, with external carbon source injecting, the total nitrogen concentration in the effluent was 85.1 mg/L. This result revealed that the standard could be accomplished through a single treatment on individual livestock farms. The ratio of nitrite nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen in the effluent was verified to be suitable for implementing the anammox process with a 10 days of hydraulic retention time. This study demonstrated the potential applicability of process in the future. However, in order to apply to livestock farms, managing variations in wastewater load across individual farms and addressing reduced nitrogen oxidation efficiency during the winter season are crucial.

정수처리에서 암모니아성질소 제거를 위한 제올라이트 여과 (Zeolite Filtration for Ammonium Nitrogen Removal in Drinking Water Treatment)

  • 김우항;김충환
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제12권3호
    • /
    • pp.281-286
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of ammonia removal by zeolite adsorption in drinking water treatment. In generally, drinking water treatment process is conducted coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration and disinfection. We tested feasibility with two method, one is powdered zeolite dosing to coagulation tank and the other is to substitute granular zeolite for sand of sand filter. In powdered zeolite test, raw water is used tap water with putting of 2 mg/l of NH$_4$$\^$+/-N. Filtration of granular zeolite was conducted with 80 cm of effective column high and 120 m/d of flow rate. At above 100 mg/1 of zeolite dosage, ammonia concentration was decreased below 0.5 mg/l of NH$_4$$\^$+/-N in powdered zeolite test. But, turbidity was increased to 30 NTU by powdered zeolite dosage. That turbidity was scarcely decreased in generally coagulant using condition in drinking water treatment. In granular zeolite test, ammonia was not detected in treated water until 8 days. This result suggest that using of granular zeolite in sand filter could be removal ammonia in winter. But we need regeneration at zeolite filtration for ammonia removal. So, it is to make clear that zeolite regeneration ability was compared KCl with NaCl. The result reveal that KCl was more excellent than NaCl. Optimum regeneration concentration of KCl was revealed 100 mM. Regeneration efficient was not increased at pH range 10∼12.5.

사육수의 암모니아 농도가 돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus)의 성장과 혈액성분에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Ammonia Concentration in Rearing Water on Growth and Blood Components of the Parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus)

  • 박성덕;김병기;전중균
    • 한국수산과학회지
    • /
    • 제47권6호
    • /
    • pp.840-846
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study investigated growth and hematological changes in parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus (~200 g/fish) reared under different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (0, 4, or 8 mg/L) for 6 weeks. Survival rates of parrotfish in all experimental groups did not significantly differ, as they were all ~100%. Although specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain, and daily feed intake in the high TAN concentration group (TAN8) were significantly lower than in the other two groups, there was no significant difference between the TAN4 group and the control group, (TAN0), indicating that parrotfish have a strong resistance to ammonia toxicity. As for temporal changes of the major blood components, cortisol increased as a result of stress caused by the high ammonia concentration in the TAN8 group. For this reason, the concentrations of energy sources such as glucose and total cholesterol were reduced. However, there was little difference among all experimental groups in concentrations of liver function glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and nutrient factors, such as total protein and albumin.

광합성 세균에 있어서의 질소고정효소 합성 조절자로서의 glutamine synthetase의 역할 (Role of glutamine synthetase as as regulator of nitrogenase in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides D-230)

  • 이혜주
    • 미생물학회지
    • /
    • 제24권2호
    • /
    • pp.113-118
    • /
    • 1986
  • Optimum temperature and pH of glutamine synthetase activity (E.C. 3.6.1.2.) of R. sphaeroides D-230 was $35^{\circ}C$ and 6.8, respectively. The adenylated state of GS in R. sphaeroides D-230 was stabilized by addition of 0.2mg/ml of cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide. Valine, histidine, proline, isoleucine, and lysine were good nitrogen source for the growth of R. sphaeroides D-230. The growth of R. sphaeroides D-230 in $N_2,\;NaNO_3\;or\;NH_4Cl$ as sole nitrogen source was lower than in any otherculture conditions. GS activity was inhibited, more or less, by various amino acid. THe relative inhibition rate of the enzyme by added 7mM arginine, $NH_4Cl,\;N_2,\;and\;NaNO_3$ was 63.8%, 26.79%, 6.24%, and 10.64%, drespectively. THe hydrogen evolution of R. sphaeroides D-230 grown in N-limited media was inhibited by 0.1mM MSX, irreversible GS inhibitor. GS activity was completely inhibited by 1.0mM MSX but ammonia released maximally at the same concentration of MSX. Ammonia release by added MSX was increased up to 1.0mM MS, but decreased above 1.0mM MSX. It is probably due to inhibition of nitrogenase actixity by MSX. Nitrogenase activity was not inhibited at low concentration of MSX. These results suggests that the inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonia is mediated by products of ammonia assimilation rather than by ammonia itself.

  • PDF

Effects of Urease Inhibitor, Nitrification Inhibitor, and Slow-release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fertilizer Loss in Direct-Seeding Rice

  • Lee, Jae-Hong;Lee, Ho-Jin;Lee, Byun-Woo
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제44권3호
    • /
    • pp.230-235
    • /
    • 1999
  • To study the effects of an urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency, urea fertilizer with or without inhibitors and slowrelease fertilizer (synthetic thermoplastic resins coated urea) were applied to direct-seeded flooded rice fields in 1998. In the urea and the urea+DCD treatments, NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations reached 50 mg N L$^{-1}$ after application. Urea+NBPT and urea+ NBPT+DCD treatments maintained NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations below 10 mg N L$^{-1}$ in the floodwater, while the slow-release fertilizer application maintained the lowest concentration of NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N in floodwater. The ammonia losses of urea+NBPT and urea+NBPT+DCD treatments were lower than those of urea and urea+DCD treatments during the 30 days after fertilizer application. It was found that N loss due to ammonia volatilization was minimized in the treatments of NBPT with urea and the slow-release fertilizer. The volatile loss of urea+DCD treatment was not significantly different from that of urea surface application. It was found that NBPT delayed urea hydrolysis and then decreased losses due to ammonia volatilization. DCD, a nitrification inhibitor, had no significant effect on ammonia loss under flooded conditions. The slow-release fertilizer application reduced ammonia volatilization loss most effectively. As N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentrations in the soil water indicated that leaching losses of N were negligible, DCD was not effective in inhibiting nitrification in the flooded soil. The amount of N in plants was especially low in the slow-release fertilizer treatment during the early growth stage for 15 days after fertilization. The amount of N in the rice plants, however, was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in other treatments at harvest. Grain yields in the treatments of slow-release fertilizer, urea+NBPT+ DCD and urea+NBPT were significantly higher than those in the treatments of urea and urea+DCD. NBPT treatment with urea and the slow-release fertilizer application were effective in both reducing nitrogen losses and increasing grain yield by improving N use efficiency in direct-seeded flooded rice field.field.

  • PDF

Pt/GDC/Pt 셀을 이용한 물과 질소로부터 전기화학적 암모니아 합성 (Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia from Water and Nitrogen using a Pt/GDC/Pt Cell)

  • 정하나;김종남;유충열;주종훈;유지행;송기창;;윤형철
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제52권1호
    • /
    • pp.58-62
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 Pt/GDC/Pt 셀을 이용하여 상압에서 물과 질소로부터 전기화학적으로 암모니아를 합성하는 연구를 수행하였다. 수분이 포화된 질소분위기에서 작동온도($400{\sim}600^{\circ}C$)와 전압(OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)~1.2 V)에 대한 전기화학적 특성 평가를 수행하였고, 암모니아 합성량을 정량 분석하였다. 정전압 하에서 작동온도의 증가에 따라 인가 전류의 증가로 암모니아 합성량은 증가하였으나, Pt 전극에서 암모니아 합성에 필요한 질소의 화학적 해리 흡착 반응의 한계로 패러데이 효율(faradaic efficiency)은 감소하였다. $600^{\circ}C$에서 최대 암모니아 합성량인 $3.67{\times}10^{-11}mols^{-1}cm^{-2}$(6.7 mA) 얻었고 패러데이 효율은 0.1%이다.

유역특성에 따른 하천에서의 존재형태별 질소 분포 특성 비교 (Distribution Characteristics of Total Nitrogen Components in Streams by Watershed Characteristics)

  • 박지형;손수민;김용석
    • 한국물환경학회지
    • /
    • 제30권5호
    • /
    • pp.503-511
    • /
    • 2014
  • The temporal and spatial analyses of total nitrogen (TN) fractionation were conducted in order to understand 1) total nitrogen components in streams and 2) their patterns in rainy and dry seasons. The result showed that the concentration of nitrogen components in stream water was lower in non-urban area and getting higher in urban area. Dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) was 95~97.7% of total nitrogen in streams, and the proportion of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was higher with increasing urban area. The concentration of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3-N$) were highest in winter among four seasons. The result was showed that concentration of $NH_3-N$ was same variation as concentrations of TN and $NO_3-N$ in urban-rural complex and urban areas, except rural areas. During rainy season, concentrations of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and $NH_3-N$ increased in rural areas and decreased in both urban-rural complex and urban areas. Correlation between total nitrogen components and land uses was positively correlated with site > paddy, and negatively correlated with forest. The variation of total nitrogen concentration was determined by $NO_3-N$ in non-urban areas, by $NO_3-N$ and $NH_3-N$ in urban-rural complex and by $NH_3-N$ in the urban areas.