• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.368-372
• /
• 1978

Ribostamycin sulfate is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is effective against organisms resistant to other conventional antibiotics, Particularly E. coli, and Staphylococcus group. Our clinical studies were performed on 20 patients who were admitted to Thoracic Surgical Dept of National Medical Center from May '77 to September '77, and the following results were obtained; 1. Among 20 patients, 13 were excellently improved and 4 responded moderataly, but 3 patients were not improved. So, 85% of the patients were controlled with Ribostamycin sulfate administration. 2. The rate of effectiveness of Ribostamycin sulfate was 85.7% against E. coli, 92.3% against Staphylococcus, and 75% against klebsiella, revealing 83.3% in average. 3. No side effects were observed. 4. From our clinical studies, Ribostamycin sulfate is expected to possess in high therapeutic value in surgical infectins caused by both gram positive and negative microorganisms.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 1999

The effects of various drugs on the alleviation of the symptoms of chemical bums were evaluated in mice to formulate topical antiblister preparations. After a chemical bum was induced on the mouse dorsal skin with 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide, the drug was applied on the disease site. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by determining blister size, necrosis score of skin and appearance of the chemical burns induced. It showed that steroids and aminoglycoside antibiotics had a tendency to protect skin cell, and antihistamines decreased the size of chemical bums. While oleaginous base resulted in deleterious effect, hydrophilic base didn't show a significant difference on the alleviation of the chemical burn symptoms compared to the control.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 1986

Sisomicin, which is one of aminoglycoside antibiotics, was produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. The effects of carbon sources on sisomicin production were studied in batch cultures. Starch, dextrin and maltose were good carbon sources for the production of sisomicin. However, when glucose was used, the antibiotic productivity decreased significantly due to a carbon catabolite regulation. The carbon catabolite regulation depends mostly on carbon catabolite repression, but not on carbon catabolite inhibition. On the other hand, the growth-production curves of batch cultures show that sisomicin is produced most actively during the idiophase.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.470-474
• /
• 1998

A kanamycin producer, Streptomyces kanamyceticus IFO 13414 is highly resistant to kanamycin. Cloning of the kanamycin resistance genes in S. lividans 1326 with pIJ702 gave several kanamycin resistant transformants. Two transformants, S. lividans SNUS 90041 and S. lividan. SNUS 91051 showed similar resistance patterns to various aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gene mapping experiments revealed that plasmids pSJ5030 and pSJ2131 isolated from the transformants have common resistant gene fragments. Subcloning of pSJ5030 gave a 1.8 Kb gene fragment which showed resistance to kanamycin. Cell free extracts of S. lividans SNUS 90041, S. lividans SNUS 91051 and subclone a S. lividans SNUS 91064 showed kanamycin acetyltransferase activity. The detailed gene map is included.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.105.1-105.1
• /
• 2007

See Full Text

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2012

Recently, the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in Gram-negative bacilli globally. We determined the prevalence and genotype of these methylase-producing bacteria, and characterized the co-resistance to ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics and quinolone in Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2010 at a hospital in Korea. Among 65 amikacin-resistant isolates screened from 864 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected from 49 isolates, including Acinetobacter baumannii (43), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Proteus mirabilis (2) and Serratia marcescens (1), Empedobacter brevis (1). All of the 16S rRNA methylase genotype was armA and no variant sequences of amplified PCR products for armA were noted. The 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria showed much higher resistance to aminoglycoside for Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting (NF)-GNB and to imipenem for glucose NF-GNB, than the non-producing isolates. All of the 16S rRNA methylase producing Enterobacteriaceae had the extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase. In addition, two K. pneumoniae concurrently produced both plasmid-mediated AmpC ${\beta}$-lactamase and qnrB gene. All of the amikacin-resistant A. baumannii (43) co-harbored armA 16S rRNA methylase and $bla_{OXA-23}$ carbapenemase. In conclusion, 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria were very prevalent among GNB in South Korea, and were commonly associated with co-resistance, including carbapenem and quinolone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.228-234
• /
• 2006

Background : Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, and is responsible for nosocomial pneumonia, UTI, bacteremia, etc. The main concern is that this pathogen is often resistant to many antimicrobial agents, particularly to carbapenem. This study compared the clinical those of ICU admitted patients with the carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolated from the sputum with characteristics of patients with carbapenem sensitive A. baumannii. Methods : A total of 49 patients with A. baumannii from a sputum culture who were admitted to the ICU from January to December 2003 were enrolled in this study. This study evaluated the demographic variables, mortality, APACHE II score, comorbidity, antibiotics used, hospital and ICU stay, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, and mechanical ventilation. A retrospective analysis was made by a review of the patients' medical records. Results : Carbapenem sensitive and resistant A. baumannii was isolated from 23 patients and 26 patients respectively. Univariate analysis revealed renal disease, the use of carbapenem and aminoglycoside to be statistically significant factors for carbapenem resistance. Multivariate analysis revealed carbapenem use(p=0.024; OR, 8.17; CI 1.32 to 50.68) to be positively associated with carbapenem resistance, and aminoglycoside use(p=0.026; OR, 0.18; CI, 0.04 to 0.82) to be negatively associated with carbapenem resistance. There was no significant difference in mortality between the carbapenem sensitive and resistant group(30 vs 42%. P=0.39). Conclusion : The occurrence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii is positively associated with carbapenem use and negatively associated with aminoglycoside use. Carbapenem resistance in the sputum culture did not affect the mortality rate.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.9 s.89
• /
• pp.1278-1283
• /
• 2007

The 30% resistant frequencies of pathogenic bacteria were identified against generally utilizing disinfectants. Among the used disinfectants, foodsef, Taego, and Iodo 175 were dictated by lower sensitivities against pathogenic bacteria, as well as higher resistant frequencies when compared with other disinfectants. The resistant frequencies against antibiotics were also dictated by 30% through MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) and paper disc methods. Especially, the used bacteria exhibited resistances against gentamycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, which included in all aminoglycoside group. The MBT-01108 material, which extracted and purified from a powder obtained by processing of Opunita ficus-indica var. saboten Makino trunk, did not develop or grow resistant bacteria. Interestingly, the multi-drug resistant bacteria such as MRSA, resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VRE, and E. coli 0157 did not resistant against MBT-01108 material. These results suggest that MBT-01108 material uses as an anti-microbial agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2016

Objectives : Hwangheuk-san is a complex prescription composed of oriental traditional medicine and has been reported for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects in the recent study. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of important causes of fatal infectious diseases such as septicemia, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). S. aureus is reported as being for a variety of human diseases and its epidemiological relevance is mainly due to their ability of becoming highly resistant to common antimicrobials such as tetracycline, penicillin, cphalosporin and aminoglycoside. The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effect of Hwangheuk-san ethanol extracts (HHS) and synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA.Methods : The antimicrobial activity of HHS was measured by the disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method and the checkerboard dilution test, time-kill curve assay was performed to investigate synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA.Results : HHS showed antimicrobial activity against MRSA with a MIC value of 125 ㎍/㎖. In the checkerboard test, the interaction of HHS with antibiotics oxacillin produced almost synergy or partial synergy against MRSA. This study showed that HHS reduced the MICs of oxacillin tested, and a remarkable antibacterial effect of HHS, with membrane permeability enhancers.Conclusions : These results suggest that HHS has the antimicrobial effect and synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin against MRSA. This study thus can be a valuable source for the development of a new drug with low MRSA resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1989

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE, EC 3, 4 21, 11), a major causative factor in the induction of pulmonary emphysema, were purified by two steps of liquid chromatography. Purified elastases were cross-reacted with antibody to human neutrophil elastases. Methicillin and cefamandole, which are known as inhibitors of cell wall synthesis of microorganisms, could inhibit the activity of human neutrophil elastase up to 50% with 10mM of both agents and $IC_{50}$ of methicillin was 9.8 mM. Gentamicin, one of the aminoglycosides, also inhibits human neutrophil elastases up to 60% of original activity with 10 mM of this agent and $IC_{50}$ was 9.0 mM. We could demonstrate similar effects in oxytetracycline. 10 mM of oxytetracycline inhibited 95% of human neutrophil elastase and $IC_{50}$ was 0.3 mM. Overall, oxytetracycline, cefamandole and methicillin are strong inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase, and they could be a drug of cholice for the diseases which were known as pathogenesis related to elastase. We also suggest that the mechanism of action of these antibitics are different from the mechanism of antimicrobial effects like inhibition of both cell wall synthesis and protein synthesis.