• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.336-342
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• 1994

Changes in physicochemical characteristics were investigated for immature barley kernels roasted at $160{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ for $1{\sim}12$ min. Only small differences in chemical constituents including starch, protein, fat, ash, total dietary fiber, and ${\beta}-glucan were observed between immature and mature barley kernels. The amounts of 75% ethanol-soluble sugars and amino acids present in immature barley kernels were considerably higher than those in mature kernels, and gradually decreased in the process of roasting. Of free sugars, sucrose, raffinose, glucodifructose($GF_{2}$) and maltose were reduced by roasting. Glucose and fructose, simple reducing sugars, decreased at the early stage of roasting, followed by a slight increase at the later stage. Starch and nitrogen contents decreased slowly, while TDF(total dietary fiber) had a tendency to increase slightly. Stacking volume of immature barley kernels increased markedly, especially at the higher temperatures. L value of immature barley decreased throughout roasting, and a, b values increased at the early stage of roasting but b value decreased with continued roasting. The degree of roasting was strongly affected by the roasting temperature. Darkness of immature barley kernel, depending on the degree of roasting, was highly associated with concentrations of brown pigments extracted from roasted immature barley kernels.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.943-951
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• 2004

As storing ginger roots under optimum conditions takes high cost, ginger roots are commonly stored in underground tunnels where the maintenance of optimum temperature and humidity is difficult. One of the methods fur long term storage of ginger roots is freezing. The objective of this research was to evaluate effect of storage temperatures and packaging methods on the quality of minced ginger prepared with frozen stored ginger. The minced ginger prepared with frozen stored ginger at $-20^{\circ}C$ was packed in bags, glass bottles and tubes, and then stored at 5 and $-20^{\circ}C$ for quality evaluation at 4 and 15 week-intervals. The changes of surface color, total free sugars, free amino acids and volatile compounds were less in the combined treatment samples than in control during storage, regardless of the storage temperature. The tube packing was the best for maintaining quality of minced ginger during storage among tested packaging methods. Sensory results showed that the minced ginger with the combined treatment and packed in tubes could be stored at 5 and $-20^{\circ}C$ for 12 and 45 weeks, respectively, without a significant drop in palatability.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1987

SULNONGTANG is a kind of “goomkok”-korean typical soup made with beef, tone and organs, and is belived to be as a good source of portein and calcium, but there is no standard formulation for that. In order to set up the standard formulation of SULNONGTANG cooking method, I have performed a nutritional analysis of change in the components of SULNONGTANG, which contained the proximate composition, free amino acids, nucleotides, cholesterol, calium, phosphorus and iron. The conventional SULNONGTANG were cooked by conventional methods varing cooking time and ingredient. And also the current Market SULNONGTANG were cooked by the same methods for conventional SULNONGTANG and adding beef's head, hooves or knee tones. The result obtained in this study were as fallows: 1. In case of conventional SULNONGTANG, the most desirable cooking time was from 12 to 18 hours, the preparation method for group A was the best to maintain the optimal amount of nutrients and 5'-IMP. 2. In Market SULNONGTANG, nutritional contents were poorer than that of conventional SULNONGTANG. When the beef's head was added to the Market SULNONGTANG, nutritional status were more desirable than those added hooves or knee bones.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.711-719
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• 2012

The collagens from squid (Todarodes pacificus) skin and Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) skin were extracted and their physicochemical properties were investigated. The yield was improved with the increase of NaOH concentration and was increased Neutrase than Alcalase in enzymatic hydrolysates. Protein and collagen contents from Alaska pollack skin were 38.3~62.7% and 13.1~28.9%, respectively. All enzymatic hydrolysates also showed high antioxidant activities as NaOH concentration decrease. Composition of their amino acids was mainly glycine and proline. The spectrum of FT-IR of the collagen showed wavenumber at $1,631cm^{-1}$, $1,549cm^{-1}$, $1,234cm^{-1}$ and $3,322cm^{-1}$ representing the regions of amide I, amide II, amide III and amide A, respectively. The decomposition temperature for the collagen was in the range of $300^{\circ}C$ and showed relatively good enough for their thermal stabilities.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

Purpose : Various proteins encoded in the early region 3 (E3) of adenoviruses protect cells from being killed by cytotoxic T cells and death-inducing cytokines. We sought to find out whether the genetic heterogeneity of the E3 gene might contribute to the molecular diversity of adenoviruses. Methods : Sequences in the E3 region were analyzed for 14 adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) strains that were isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infections in the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during the period 1991-2000. Full-length adenoviral DNA was purified from the infected A549 cell lysates using a modified Hirt procedure. Results : There was 98% homology between 14 Korean Ad3 strains with a reference strain (M15952). Homology within the Korean Ad3 strains was 98.7%. Variation was found in the region of transcripts 20.1 kDa, 20.6 kDa, truncated 7.7 kDa, 10.3 kDa, 14.9 kDa, and 15.3 kDa. In particular, all 14 Korean strains showed a missense single point mutation at the start codon of the truncated 7.7 kDa. In addition, a deletion was found in the truncated 7.7 kDa region by 58 base pairs in 10 strains and 94 base pairs in 4 strains. Variations in amino acids were observed in the receptor internalization and degradation complex (10.3 kDa/14.9 kDa) which stimulates the clearance from the cell surface and subsequent degradation of the receptors for the Fas ligand and TRAIL, while no variations were observed in another immunoregulatory transcript, 19 kDa. Conclusion : Sequence analysis of the immunoregulatory region of adenovirus E3 shows that genetic heterogeneities are related to genome type patterns.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2003

Soil salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting the productivity of agricultural crops. To cope with salt stress, plants respond with physiological, developmental and biochemical changes, including the synthesis of a number of proteins and the induction of gene expression. Salicornia herbacea is a halophytic plant that grows in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. In order to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in S. herbacea, we isolated several genes that involved in the salt tolerance by mRNA differential display. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, named ShADL, which is 1293 bp long and contains an open reading frame consisted of 359 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 39 kDa. ShADL protein showed 86％ identity with Arabidopsis and 78％ with aldolase of common ice plant. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcript of ShADL gene was increased dramatically depending on the NaCl concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-82
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• 2009

This review was conducted to the study on treatment of poultry waste by earthworms, and the effect of feeding earthworms meal on the performance of broilers and laying hens, and safety of meat and egg. 1. The pro-environmental chicken house was building in Daegu National University of Education, Daegu city, chicken wastes will be turn into high quality compost by vermicomposting uses earthworms in the house. 2. The earthworm meal (EWM) has a high proteinic content and a balanced amino acid and fatty acid profile, therefore most feeding applications has been evaluated with mono-gastric animals. 3. The dietary supplementations of 0.2 to 0.4% EWM were effective in improve digestibility of crude protein of diet resulted improved broiler performance in broiler chickens. 4. The supplementing 0.2 to 0.6% of earthworm meal in the laying hens diet, improves the laying performance and egg quality, especially ratio of egg yolk n-6/n-3 fatty acids contents. 5. As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were detected at level of 4.41, 1.23, 1.18, 0.00 and 3.39ppm in earthworm meal, respectively, but those were not detected in the chicken meat and egg. therefore supplementing 0.6% of EWM in the chicken diet, it still did not affect meat and egg safety. 6. These results indicated that vermicompositing uses earthworms good a subject matter in the pro-environmental animal husbandry.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities and nutrition contents of Gonji No.10 and Solhyang, the strains of Neolentinus lepideus. In nutritional contents of two strains of N. lepideus, the content of free sugars and sugar alcohols and total polyphenol were more in Gonji No.10 than Solhyang. The total contents of amino acids and ${\beta}$-glucan in Solhyang are more than those in Gonji No.10. Solhyang also showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than Gonji No.10. In particular, hot water extract of Solhyang has higher inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-amyloglucosidase while Gonji No.10 has higher anti-inflammatiory effect than Solhyang. But, they have similar effects on nitrite scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 1999

Essential amino acids involving in the active site ofthe cytidn~e deruninase from Bncillus subtilis ED 213 were determined by chemical modification studies. Tllc purified cytidine deruninase tiom Booillus subtilis ED 213 required the reduced form of Fe(lI)ion. since the enzyme was inhibited 43% by 1 mnM o-phenanthroline. Whereas the enzyme activity was activated up to 28% by 1 1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The cytidine deaninase activily was completely inhibited by 1 mM N-bromosuccinimide, chloramine-T, and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (p-CMB), respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited 36% by 1 mM pyridoxal-S-phosphale, and 31% by 1 mM l-ethy~-3-(3-dirneIhj~laminoprop}~~)c~bodiiamide and glycine inethyl ester. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited 68% by 1 \mu$M \rho$-CMB and this inhibition of the enzyme activity with 1 \mu$M \rho$-CMB was completely reactivated by 5 mM cysleine as a reducing agent. We speculaled that tyrosine, methionine, cysteuie and/or serine residues are located ui or near ihe active site of the cytidine deruniuase from Bncilus subrilis ED 213 and indirectly related to lysine and/or glycine.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

In order to search for specific genotypes related to this unique phenotype, we used whole genomic DNA microarray to characterize the genomic diversity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from clinical patients in China. The open reading frame (ORF) fragments on our microarray were generated by PCR using gene-specific primers. Genomic DNA of H. pylori 26695 and J99 were used as templates. Thirty-four H. pylori isolates were obtained from patients in Shanghai. Results were judged based on In(x) transformed and normalized Cy3/Cy5 ratios. Our microarray included 1882 DNA fragments corresponding to 1636 ORFs of both sequenced H. pylori strains. Cluster analysis, revealed two diverse regions in the H. pylori genome that were not present in other isolates. Among the 1636 genes, 1091 (66.7%) were common to all H. pylori strains, representing the functional core of the genome. Most of the genes found in the H. pylori functional core were responsible for metabolism, cellular processes, transcription and biosynthesis of amino acids, functions that are essential to H. pylori's growth and colonization in its host. In contrast, 522 (31.9%) genes were strain-specific genes that were missing from at least one strain of H. pylori. Strain-specific genes primarily included restriction modification system components, transposase genes, hypothetical proteins and outer membrane proteins. These strain-specific genes may aid the bacteria under specific circumstances during their long-term infection in genetically diverse hosts. Our results suggest 34 H. pylori clinical strains have extensive genomic diversity. Core genes and strain-specific genes both play essential roles in H. pylori propagation and pathogenesis. Our microarray experiment may help select relatively significant genes for further research on the pathogenicity of H. pylori and development of a vaccine for H. pylori.