• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1986

In order to isolate antioxigenic substrates, the browning reaction products of xylose and various amino acids were analysed by TLC and dialysis. Rf values of browning reaction products of xylose and hydrophobic amino acids separated on silica gel TLC plate were shown in the range of 0.38 to 0.56 and that of basic amino acids was around 0.2. Browning reaction products made from xylose and Trp were separated on TLC into four bands with Rf values of 0.25, 0.55, 0.81 and 0.91 respectively. Among these the bands with Rf values of 0.25 and 0.55 appeared having strong antioxidant activity. The band of Rf 0.55 which showed the highest activity was positive to Prochazka reagent and had an absorption maximum at 275 nm. In dialysis of the xylose-Trp browning reaction products, the undialysed fraction (inner solution) was repsponsible to the antioxidant activity, which was separated into two bands with Rf values of 0.25 and 0.55 on TLC. The inner fractions of the browning products of xylose and His or Arg were also apparent in antioxdant activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2003

This study was carried out to establish a novel bioassay system for screening of compounds affecting aromatic amino acid or anthocyanin biosynthesis through investigating a degree of sucrose-induced anthocyanin formation such as size of plant material, buffer conditions, light intensity and irradiated duration, incubation temp., etc were determined and standard procedure (suitable experimental condition) was set up as follows. The second leaf blade of white corn seeding induced by fluridone treatment were segmented into a size of 5${\times}$5 min. The segments were floated on the solution of 1% sucrose in 1.0mM MES buffer (pH6.0∼6.5) and incubated at 26$^{\circ}C$ for 2days under the continuous light condition(70∼100$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ). Anthocyanin in the purpled tissues was extracted with methanol containing 1% HCl and the optical density of the clear supematants was determined at 528mm. Influences of some chemicals were tested using this system. Glyphosate, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase inhibitor, showed most sensitive response with I$_{50}$ value at 3.3$\mu$M. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide(DCCD) and parachloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid(PCMBS) had a relatively strong ingibition with I50 value at 7.1$\mu$M and 10.2$\mu$M, respectively. These results show that sucrose-induced anthocyanin formation in white com leaf segment provide a very simple and rapid system for searching new compounds affecting aromatic amino acid or anteocyanin biosynthesis by screening at less than 10$\mu$M.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 1983

This study was conducted to obtain the fundamental data for the processing of carrot juices and know the effects of blanching conditions, acid and alkali treatments and sterilization on the quality factors of carrot juices. The result obtained was as follows. 1. Blanching condition, $100^{\circ}C$, 5min. was the most effective for the Brix, amino-N content, suspended solid, light transmittance and yield of carrot juices among $90^{\circ}C$, 15min., $95^{\circ}C$, 10 min., and $100^{\circ}C$, 5min. 2. 0.05N-acetic acid solution was the most effective blanching solution for the suspended solid, light transmittance, viscosity and yield of the juices compared to 0.05N-citric acid and 0.03N-hydrochloric acid solution. 3. The color changes during the processing of carrot juices caused by blanching process rather than sterilization process. 4. The ${\beta}$-carotene in carrot juices was very stable and about 80 % of it was remained in the carrot juice which had been blanched, extracted and sterilized at $115^{\circ}C$ for 30min. 5. Alkali treatment for the juice from acid - blanched carrots formed discoloration after sterilization. 6. Relative content (%) of sugars in raw carrot juice we re ribose, 8.51%; fructose. 10.15%; glucose, 12.25%; sucrose, 49.53% and oligosaccharide, 19.56%. When the carrots were blanched in boiling water, the contents of monosaccharide and disaccharide decreased slightly but that of oligosaccharide increased slightly, however, when the carrots were blanched in acid solution, and then neutralized and sterilized, relative contents of ribose and sucrose decreased remarkably but that of oligosaccharide increased considerably and those of glucose and fructose increased slightly. 7. Nineteen sorts of free amino acid were detected from the carrot juices and the mains of them were threonine+asparagine, alanine, serine+glutamine, aspartic acid, arginine, and glutamic acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.175-175
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• 1996

The spinal dorsal horn is the area where primary afferent fibers terminate and cutaneous sensory information is Processed. A number of putative neurotransmitter substances, including excitatory and inhibitory amino acids and peptides, are present in this region and sites and cellular mechanisms of their actions have been a target of numerous studies. In this study, single neurons were acutely isolated and the properties of whole cell current and responses to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters were studied by the patch clamp method. Young rats (7-14 days) were anesthetized with diethyl-ether, and the lumbar spinal cord was excised and cut transversely at a thickness of 30$\mu\textrm{m}$ by Vibroslicer. The treatment of spinal slices with low concentration of proteases (pronase and thermolysin 0.75 mg/$m\ell$) and mechanical dissociation yielded isolated neurons with near intact morphology. Multipolar, ellipsoidal and bipolar, and pyramidal cells were shown. By applying step voltage pulses to neurons held at -70 mV, two types of inward currents and one outward currents observed. The fast activating and inactivating inward current was the Na$\^$+/ current because of its fast kinetics and blocking by 0.5${\mu}$M TTX, a specific blocker of Na$\^$+/ channel. The second type of inward currents were sustained. Based on their kinetics and current-voltage relations, it was likely that the second type of inward current was the voltage-dependent Ca$\^$2+/ current. In the presence of TTX, the steady-state currents mainly represented outward K$\^$+/ current which looked like the delayed rectifier K$\^$+/ current. In addition, the membrane currents produced by agonist of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor and the endogenous transmitter candidate L-glutamate were recorded in isolated whole-cell voltage clamped neurons as well as responses to inhibitory amino acids (${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid, glycine). Drugs were applied by a method that allows complete exchange of the solution within 1 sec; an infinite number of solutions can be applied to a single cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.539-549
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• 2012

In order to acquire basic data on the development of squid processing food, we investigated changes in the composition of boiled squid upon heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$), acid treatment (acetic acid, 0~5%), and pre-boiling ($55^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$). The proximate composition of squid was 73~78% moisture and 19~24% crude protein, treatment with acid solution had a significant effect on the proximate composition of boiled squid (p<0.05). The major free sugars were ribose and glucose in all treatment samples. The $55^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled sample had lower levels of glucose than the other samples. The total free sugar content of the non-peeled sample was the highest, followed by the $80^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled sample, whereas the sugar content in the $55^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled sample was very low. With regards to amino acid content, proline was the highest in all samples, followed by taurine and histidine. Treatment with acid solution had a significant effect on the total free amino content of boiled squid (p<0.05). The total free amino acid content of the $55^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled sample was the highest, followed by the $80^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled sample and non-peeled sample. Inosine and related compounds were not detected in any of the samples, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was low. The hypoxanthine contents of the $55^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ pre-boiled samples were the highest, the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inosine monophosphate (IMP) contents were similar, and the IMP content of the non-peeled sample was higher than those of the peeled samples. The palmitic acid content was very high and constituted 40% of total saturated fatty acids. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents were also high and constituted 60% of total unsaturated fatty acids. Of these, DHA content was the highest, followed by palmitic acid and EPA, which accounted for about 85% of total fatty acids. No difference in fatty acid content was observed between acid treatment and pre-boiling. The mineral P content was the highest on average in all boiled squid samples, followed by K, Na, Mg, and Ca contents. In addition, the pre-boiling temperature and acid solution concentration had significant effects on the mineral content. Further, heavy metal, Cd, Pb, and As contents were detected only at trace amounts, and their levels were lower than standard and permissible amounts for food.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.947-953
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• 2017

In this study, the regeneration efficiency of the amino acid salt absorbent which can be applied to carbon dioxide absorption / regeneration process was confirmed. The regeneration efficiency has a great influence on the economical judgment of the process. so, continuous regeneration experiment was conducted to establish economical process. The amino acid salts used in the experiments are Potassium L-lysinate and Potassium L-alaninate. Each amino acid and potassium hydroxide(KOH) were mixed at a 1: 2 molar ratio. In order to confirm the regeneration efficiency of the absorbent, carbon dioxide was absorbed in the two materials, and the carbon dioxide desorption experiment was carried out by heating. The initial reaction rate was L-alanine was faster. Over time, L-lysine, desorption higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. L-lysine showed higher regeneration efficiency than L-alanine, (L-alanine 47.26% and L-lysine 62.11%). As a result of the continuous regeneration experiment using the L-lysine having good absorption and regeneration efficiency, it was confirmed that the regeneration efficiency decreases as the number of regeneration increases.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 1988

The electrochemical reduction of O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-phosphorothioate (Fenitrothion) has been studied in acetonitrile solution containing surfactant micelle by direct current (DC)-differential pulse (DP) polarography, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled potential coulometry (CPC). The partially reversible electron transfer-chemical reaction(EC, EC mechanism) of fenitrothion reduction proceeded by four electron transfer to form O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyaminophenyl)-phosphorothioate which undergoes single bond of the phosphorus atom and phenoxy group cleaves to give p-amino-m-cresol and dimethyl thiophosphinic acid as major product by two electron transfer-protonation at higher negative potential. The polarograpic reduction waves shown to suppressed due to inhibitory effect of sodium lauryl sulfate micelle solution and split up on selectivity of anionic micelle effect in two step at the first reduction peak.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.328-334
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• 2002

Nylon 6 staple ultramicrofiber(UMF, 0.074) and regular staple fiber (Regular, 2.0d) were annealed at In, 130, 160 and $180^\circ{C}$ under tension free for 10 min and U min. The treated fibers were dyed with Acid Red 18 and Blue n3. They were adjusted at PH 5.0 of dye bath in buffer solution of $CH_3COOH/CH_3/COONa(0.1mo1/1)$. Liquor ratio was kept at 1000:1. Dyeing rate of UMF annealed at $100^\circ{C}$ was decreased, but was increased for regular nylon. Also dye equilibrium of UMF at $100^\circ{C}$ was increased for Acid Red 18, but was decreased for Acid Blue 83. The intensities of X-ray diffraction peaks of UMF increased with increasing annealing temperature. Also the crystallinity of heat-sotted fibers by DSC thermogram was well agreed with the tendency of density Amino end group, moisture regain and water absorbency were decreased with increasing annealing temperature.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.122-127
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• 2021

A mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1,2-indanedione (PVP-IND) is known to be the best reagent for developing latent fingerprints deposited on the surface of a thermal paper. However, no study has evaluated whether PVP-IND could enhance fingerprints in blood deposited on the surface of thermal paper. Therefore, in this study, the ability of PVP-IND to enhance the fingerprints in blood was investigated. Furthermore, aqueous amido black solution, which is known to be the best reagent for enhancing fingerprints in blood deposited on the surface of thermal paper, was used for comparison with PVP-IND. Therefore, while enhancing the fingerprints in diluted blood, PVP-IND enhanced the quality of fingerprints compared to aqueous amido black solution. The ridge diffused when the undiluted fingerprints in blood were enhanced with PVP-IND because PVP reacted with amino acids in blood; however, amido black solution yielded better results. When treated with PVP-IND, it is presumed that the ridge diffused due to the reaction of PVP and amino acids contained in the blood.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

TREK (TWIK-RElated $K^+$ channels) and TRAAK (TWIK-Related Arachidonic acid Activated $K^+$ channels) were expressed in COS-7 cells, and the channel activities were recorded from inside-out membrane patches using holding potential of - 40 mV in symmetrical 150 mM $K^+$ solution. Intracellular application of an oxidizing agent, 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), markedly decreased the activity of the TREK2, and the activity was partially reversed by the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). In order to examine the possibility that the target sites for the oxidizing agents might be located in the C-terminus of TREK2, two chimeras were constructed: TREK2 (1-383)/TASK3C and TREK2 (1-353)/TASK3C. The channel activity in the TREK2 (1-383)/TASK3C chimera was still inhibited by DTNB, but not in the TREK2 (1-353)/TASK3C chimera. These results indicate that TREK2 is inhibited by oxidation, and that the target site for oxidation is located between the amino acid residues 353 and 383 in the C-terminus of the TREK2 protein.