• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2003

The first Indian transgenic fish was generated in 1991 using borrowed constructs from foreign sources. To construct transformation vectors for the indigenous fishes, growth hormone genes of rohu (r-CH), Labeo rohita and catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis were isolated, cloned and sequenced; their fidelity was confirmed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. A vector was constructed with grass carp b-actin promoter driving the expression of r-GH. Rohu eggs are large. fragile and swell 2~3 times. when fertilized. Hence they were amenable only for electroporated sperm-mediated gene transfer. Accordingly, the sperm electroporation technique was standardized to ensure 25% hatchling survival and 37% Presumptive transgenics without suffering any deformity. Southern analysis confirmed genomic integration in 15% of the tested individuals (Ti) belonging to family lines 2 and 3: another 25% of the Juveniles (Te) were also proved transgenic but with the transgene persisting extrachromosomally for longer than 1 to 2 years. perhaps due to the presence of replicon in the vector. Transgenics belonging to different family lines grew 6~8 times faster than the respective controls. Difference in growth trends of Ti and Te within a family line was not significant. In the Ti family 3 remarkable growth acceleration was sustained for a period longer than 36 weeks but in those of family 2, it gradually decreased. All transgenic fishes including the rohu converted the food at a significantly higher efficiency. Barring the transgenic mudloach, all the other transgenic fishes consumed food at significantly reduced rate.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2013

Polymorphic bands of two fine-leaf zoysiagrass mutants (CNU 70-1, CNU 70-2) induced via a gamma-ray irradiation on seeds of Zoysia japonica were obtained by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. The genotype-specific fragments were then converted into PCR-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which are now amenable to detecting them among other zoysiagrass species widely noticeable in Korea. The CNU 70-1-specific primer set amplified about 900 bp successfully, while the CNU 70-6 marker produced the expected 1,500 bp band, by which those markers were nominated by CNU 70-1_900 and CNU 70-6_1500 SCARs, respectively. The developed SCAR markers can be an applicable tool in sod industry where illegal appropriation hampers breeder's right and profits due to the turfgrass plant vegetatively propagating.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2011

In contrast to the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial genome does not follow Mendelian laws of inheritance. The nuclear genome of meiotic progeny comes from the recombination of both parental genomes, whereas the meiotic progeny could inherit mitochondria from one, the other, or both parents. In fact, one fascinating phenomenon is that mitochondrial DNA in the majority of eukaryotes is inherited from only one particular parent. Typically, such unidirectional and uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA can be explained by the size of the gametes involved in mating, with the larger gamete contributing towards mitochondrial DNA inheritance. However, in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, bisexual mating involves the fusion of two isogamous cells of mating type (MAT) a and MAT${\alpha}$, yet the mitochondrial DNA is inherited predominantly from the MATa parent. Although the exact mechanism underlying such uniparental mitochondrial inheritance in this fungus is still unclear, various hypotheses have been proposed. Elucidating the mechanism of mitochondrial inheritance in this clinically important and genetically amenable eukaryotic microbe will yield insights into general mechanisms that are likely conserved in higher eukaryotes. In this review, we highlight studies on Cryptococcus mitochondrial inheritance and point out some important questions that need to be addressed in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1429-1433
• /
• 2006

Application of recombinant protein production and particularly their isotopic enrichment has stimulated development of a range of novel multidimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques. Peptides in most cases are amenable to assignment and structure determination without the need for isotopic labeling. However, there are many cases where the availability of $^{15}N$ and/or $^{13}C$ labeled peptides is useful to study the structure of peptides with more than 30 residues and the interaction between peptides and membrane. CRAMP (Cathelicidin-Related AntiMicrobial Peptide) was identified from a cDNA clone derived from mouse femoral marrow cells as a member of cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides. CRAMP was successfully expressed as a GST-fused form in E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. The yield of the CRAMP was 1.5 mg/l 1. According to CD spectra, CRAMP adopted ${\alpha}$-helical conformation in membrane-mimetic environments. Isotope labeling of CRAMP is expected to make it possible to study the structure and dynamic properties of CRAMP in various membrane systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.3565-3570
• /
• 2012

Until now, few groups reported the antifreeze activity of cyclic glycopeptides; however, the tedious synthetic procedure is not amenable to study the intensive structure activity relationship. A series of N-linked cyclic glycopeptoids and glycopeptide have been prepared to evaluate antifreeze activity as a function of peptide backbone cyclization and methyl stereochemical effect on the rigid Thr position. This study has combined the cyclization protocol with solid phase peptide synthesis and obtained significant quantities of homogeneous cyclic glycopeptide and glycopeptoids. Analysis of antifreeze activity revealed that our cyclic peptide demonstrated RI activity while cyclic glycopeptoids showed no RI activity. These results suggest that the subtle changes in conformation and Thr orientation dramatically influence RI activity of N-linked glycopeptoids.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.581-584
• /
• 2002

The graylevel image scanning system realization and design using CIS(Contact Image Scanning)be amenable to recognize a papers, OMR and OCR sheet is proposed. The design technique is used CIS scanning sensor in fixing step motor and is optimized with DSP processor for image processing., and transfer input image data par line in feeding a step unit to PC on the USB interfacer. This system is portable and A4 size scanning and keeps image scan processing speed 300mm/sec The recognition percentage has 98% on the OCR and bar codes.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.641-649
• /
• 2010

Estimation of uncertain parameters is required in many engineering problems which involve probabilistic structural analysis as well as prognosis of existing structures. In this case, Bayesian framework is often employed, which is to represent the uncertainty of parameters in terms of probability distributions conditional on the provided data. The resulting form of distribution, however, is not amenable to the practical application due to its complex nature making the standard probability functions useless. In this study, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is proposed to overcome this difficulty, which is a modern computational technique for the efficient and straightforward estimation of parameters. Three case studies that implement the estimation are presented to illustrate the concept. The first one is an inverse estimation, in which the unknown input parameters are inversely estimated based on a finite number of measured response data. The next one is a metamodel uncertainty problem that arises when the original response function is approximated by a metamodel using a finite set of response values. The last one is a prognostics problem, in which the unknown parameters of the degradation model are estimated based on the monitored data.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 2006

A grating-assisted fiber coupler(GAFC), which consists of a thin-film waveguide with grating and circular optical fiber, is proposed and the optimized power coupling is evaluated by using a technique amenable to rigorous longitudinal modal transmission-line theory(L-MTLT). In addition, novel criteria to couple an optical signal incident through the grating waveguide to a single-mode optical fiber are proposed. The numerical result reveals that the optimized power coupling occurs at minimum-gap condition between rigorous modes rather than for the conventional phase-matching condition.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.91-105
• /
• 2019

The paper aims to combine balance sheet analysis at the firm level with the International Monetary Fund's public debt sustainability assessment framework to assess state-owned enterprises' (SOE) leverage as a contingent liability to the public sector. Based on company data and the interest coverage ratio as a measure of debt at risk, aggregate baseline scenarios are projected to gauge the magnitude of SOE debt as a contingency. SOE's financial and debt ratios are first bootstrapped to generate firm-level distributions and then averaged into a fan chart of the economy-wide SOE contingent liability. Applied to the People's Republic of China as an example, the study finds that by the end of 2015 SOE leverage had grown to a substantial liability. However arbitrary the assumptions underlying these projections, it would appear that even if authorities had to mop up as much as 20% of SOE debt at risk gone bad, this would have been manageable at roughly 2.7% of the gross domestic product in 2016 or 5.5% by 2021. This projection framework is fully amenable to alternative assumptions and settings, which makes it a useful analytical tool to monitor contingent liabilities from non-financial corporate debt that have been building in emerging and advanced economies alike.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.371-387
• /
• 2014

Probability plotting positions are popular and used as the basis for distribution fitting and for inspecting the quality of the fit because of its simplicity. The plotting positions that lead to excellent approximation to the mean of the order statistics should be used if the objective of the fitting is to estimate quantiles. Since the mean depends on the sample size and is not amenable for simple to use closed form solution, many plotting positions have been presented in the literature, including a new plotting position that is derived based on the weighted least-squares method. In this study, the accuracy of using the new plotting position to fit the Gumbel distribution for estimating quantiles is assessed. Also, plotting positions derived by fitting the mean of the order statistics for all ranks is proposed, and an approximation to the covariance of the order statistics for the Gumbel (and Weibull) variate is given. Relative bias and root-mean-square-error of the estimated quantiles by using the proposed plotting position are shown. The use of the proposed plotting position to estimate the quantiles of annual maximum wind speed is illustrated.