• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2018

PMF 수용모델을 사용하여 안면도 측정소에서 2년간 측정한 초미세먼지의 유기성분의 주요 영향원을 파악하였다. 5개 또는 6개의 요인이 최적으로 나타났으며, 6개의 요인이 결과를 더 잘 해석하는 것으로 판단되었다. 이들 요인의 계절별 특성과 영향도 변화를 고려하여 결정한 주요 오염원은 이차유기성분(10.3%), 연소(12.0%), 자연적 생물성 기원(24.8%) 장거리이동식생소각(7.3%), 국지적 생체소각(26.4%), 장거리이동 오염원(19.2%)이다. 안면도 측정소는 배경지역의 특성인 자연적 생물성 기원, 이차유기성분과 장거리이동 오염원의 영향도가 크게 나타나면서도, 비도심의 특성인 국지적 식생소각과 연소 영향도 나타나고 있다. 이는 안면도 측정소에서는 인위적인 영향에 의한 유기성분 특성은 제한적임을 보여준다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2015

Real-time and quantitative measurement of the chemical composition in ambient aerosols represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of atmospheric chemistry. In the present study, time resolved application by Aerosol-into-Mist System (AIMS) following by total organic carbon analyzer (TOC) has been developed. The unique aspect of the combination of these two techniques is to provide quantifiable water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) information of particle-phase organic compounds on timescales of minutes. We also demonstrated that the application of the AIMS method is not limited to water-soluble organic carbon but inorganic ion compounds. By correlating the volume concentrations by optical particle sizer (OPS), water soluble organic carbon can be highly related to the secondary organic products. AIMS-TOC method can be potentially applied to probe the formation and evolution mechanism of a variety of SOA behaviors in ambient air.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2002

PM (Particulate Matter) samples contained fungal spores were collected in the ambient air of Seosan, west Korea, in springtime of 2000 and 2001. PM concentrations were $199.8\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$ in the 1st Asian Dust Storm period (March, 23 ~ 24) and $249.4\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$ in the 2nd period (April, 7~9), 2000. Compared with the concentrations in 2000, relatively low PM concentration ($157.3\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$ ) was measured in the Asian Dust Storm period (April, 24 ~ 20) of 2001. Although there were somewhat differences for the total PM concentrations among the three periods, majorities of the PM were composed of coarse particles sized about 5 ~ 6 $\mu{m}$ over the periods of the two years. Diverse molds grown from fungal aerosols were observed in the PM samples and identified at the genus level. All the genera, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Basipetospora, Epicoccum and Monotospora are hyphomycetes in the division Fungi imperfecti (Deuteromycota). Especially, morphologically more diversified mycelia of hyphomycetes were grown on the fine PM sample (1.1 ~ 2.1 $\mu{m}$) than coarse PM samples in the periods of 2000. Furthermore, some molds were grown on even the background PM sample less than 0.43 $\mu{m}$ in the period of 2001. It was thought that some kinds of ultra fine sized fungal spores were transported by the Asian Dust Storm and suspended in the ambient air of study area during the events.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2018

IIn this study, we have developed drying systems for reducing the error by humidity on measuring particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air with optical particle measuring instruments. Two types of drying systems were designed: drying systems using heating and dilution methods. In addition, 3 types of drying systems using a heating method were designed: Type A (1 hole), B (3 holes) and C (7 holes). After making them, the laboratory and field tests were carried out to evaluate the developed drying systems. As a result, it was shown that the PM concentrations obtained by PM monitoring devices with drying systems agree well with that of the reference devices. Therefore, it could be concluded that the drying systems can be applied to PM monitoring devices for real-time monitoring of the ambient aerosols.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2018

In this study, we have developed a real-time monitoring device for measuring PM10 and PM2.5 of ambient aerosol particles. The real-time PM monitor (SENTRY Dust Monitor) uses the optical scattering method and has 16 channels in particle size. The laboratory and field tests were carried out to evaluate the developed SENTRY Dust Monitor. Arizona Test Dust particles were used as test particles in the laboratory test and the field test was carried out at the Jongno-gu Observatory in Seoul. The measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations obtained by SENTTRY Dust Monitor were compared with Grimm Dust Monitor (Model 1.108) and a beta ray gauge. It was shown that the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations obtained by SENTRY Dust Monitor agree well with that of the reference devices. Based on the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that the SENTRY Dust Monitor can be used as a PM monitoring device for real-time monitoring of the ambient aerosols.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.719-731
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• 2003

In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The receptor methods were one of the statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. Also, receptor methods, a field of chemometrics, is based on manifold applied statistics and is a statistical methodology that analyzes the physicochemical properties of gaseous and particulate pollutant on various atmospheric receptors, identifies the sources of air pollutants, and quantifies the apportionment of the sources to the receptors. The objective of this study was 1) after obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources of air at the study area were qualitatively identified and the contributions of each source were quantitatively estimated as well. 2) finally efficient air pollution management and control strategies of each source were suggested. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM-10 aerosols, the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided quantitative source contributions (scaled G matrix) and source profiles (scaled F matrix). The results of the PMF modeling showed that the sources were apportioned by secondary aerosol related source 28.8 ％, soil related source 16.8％, waste incineration source 11.5%, field burning source 11.0%, fossil fuel combustion source 10%, industry related source 8.3％, motor vehicle source 7.9%, oil/coal combustion source 4.4％, non-ferrous metal source 0.3％. and aged sea- salt source 0.2％, respectively.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected based on a size segregation method by a cascade impactor for 6 consecutive years (form Dec. 1989 to sep. 1994) in the Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus, and 6 trace metals (Ca, Si, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn) were determined by an x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Total number of samples collected during the study are 118 sets and each set of sample comsists of 9 filters. The levels of TSP and 6 trace metals were then used to examine seasonal and annual variations with respects to their size distributions. For statistical analyses, raw data were initially transformed by both logarithmic and root transformating to approximately normalize them, and then size distribution functions for each trace element were separately developed season-to-season by a regression analysis in order to obtain maximum amount of physical information, Subsequently, each developed model was verified by comparing with supervised data collected on 1994. The result showed that each prediction model was in good agreement except the fall, partly due to lack of the data collected on fall, 1994.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.237-238
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• 2002

Particle - bound water changes the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles, such as size and light scattering properties. Consequently, it is necessary to remove water vapor from ambient aerosols before aerosol particles are sized and counted. Silicon gel diffusion dryer is commonly employed for this purpose. However, it can not be operated continuously While in operation, silicon gel becomes progressively more loaded with water and must periodically be regenerated by drying off the water. (omitted)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.639-647
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• 2005

A single particle analytical technique, named low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), was applied to characterize samples collected at a subway station and ambient samples in Seoul. According to their chemical composition, many distinctive particle types were identified. For samples collected at the subway station platform, the major chemical species are carbon-rich, organic, aluminosilicates (AlSi), AlSi/C, AlSi/$CaCO_{3},\;CaCO_{3},\;SiO_{2},\;and\;Fe_{2}O_{3}$. For outdoor samples, carbon-rich, organic, AlSi, $CaCO_{3},\;SiO_{2},\;NaNO_{3},\;(Na,Mg)NO_{3},\;Na(CO_{3},NO_{3},SO_{4}),\;and\;(NH_{4})_2SO_4$, are abundantly encountered. Samples collected at the subway station show very high contents of $Fe_{2}O_{3}$, both in coarse and fine fractions, which come from brake block, subway train wheel, electric contact materials, etc. It is demonstrated that the single-particle characterization using this low-Z particle EPMA technique provided detailed information on various types of chemical species in indoor and outdoor samples.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

The anthropogenic aerosols originated from the pollutant emissions in the eastern part of China and dust emitted in northwestern China in Yellow sand regions are subsequently transported via eastward wind to the Korean peninsula and then these aerosols induce high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korean peninsula. In order to estimate air quality considering anthropogenic and dust emissions, Comprehensive Air-quality Model with extension (CAMx) was applied to simulate $PM_{10}$ concentration. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without/with dust emissions were compared with observations at ambient air quality monitoring sites in China and Korea for 2008. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emissions could depict the variation of measured $PM_{10}$ especially during Yellow sand events in Korea. The comparisons also showed that predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without dust emissions were under-predicted while predictions of $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emission were in good agreement with observations. This implied that dust emissions from desert and barren soil in southern Mongolia and northern China minimized the discrepancies in the $PM_{10}$ predictions in East Asia. The effect of dust emission on annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korea Peninsula for year 2008 was $5{\sim}10{\mu}g/m^3$, which were about 20% of observed annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations.