• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Biomass of non-living brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans pretreated by different methods is capable of taking up more than $10\%$ (11 meq/g) of its dry weight in aluminum at a pH of 4.5. It is indicated that the biomass sequestered the aluminum in the form of polynuclear aluminum species. The fraction of $Al(OH)_3$ Precipitated in the aluminum nitrate solution without biomass at pH 4.5 increased as the Al concentration increased. Aluminum-alginate complex precipitated in the solution as alginate was partially released from the biomass. External colloidal precipitate occurring in native and protonated S. fluitans biomass sorption systems caused a significant difference in Al sorption isotherms determined by standard and desorption methods, respectively, Sodium ions added for pH adjustment were not sorbed at all in the presence of aluminum ions.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

Recent studies have revealed the poisonous nature of aluminum(III) species to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Therefore, this investigation aims to develop batch adsorption experiments in the laboratory, aiming to the removal of aluminum(III) from aqueous solutions onto powdered activated carbon (PAC). The latter (which is an effective and inexpensive sorbent) was prepared from olive stones generated as plant wastes and modified with an aqueous modifying oxidizing agent, viz. $HNO_3$. The main parameters (i.e. initial solution pH, sorbent and $Al^{3+}$ ions concentrations, stirring times and temperature) influencing the sorption process were examined. The results obtained revealed that the sorption of $Al^{3+}$ ions onto PAC is endothermic in nature and follows first-order kinetics. The adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models over the concentration range studied. Under the optimum experimental conditions employed, the removal of ca. 100% $Al^{3+}$ ions in the concentration range $1.35-2.75\;mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ was attained. Moreover, the procedure was successfully applied to the recovery of aluminum spiked to some environmental water samples with an RSD (%), does not exceed 1.22%.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2009

A powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides is not suitable in wastewater treatment/filtration systems because of low hydraulic conductivity and large sludge production. In this study, aluminum (hydr)oxide-coated sand (AOCS) was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The properties of AOCS were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Kinetic batch, equilibrium batch, and closed-loop column experiments were performed to examine the adsorption of phosphate to AOCS. The XRD pattern indicated that the powder form of aluminum (hydr)oxides coated on AOCS was similar to a low crystalline boehmite. Kinetic batch experiments demonstrated that P adsorption to AOCS reached equilibrium after 24 h of reaction time. The kinetic sorption data were described well by the pseudo second-order kinetic sorption model, which determined the amount of P adsorbed at equilibrium ($q_e$ = 0.118 mg/g) and the pseudo second-order velocity constant (k = 0.0036 g/mg/h) at initial P concentration of 25 mg/L. The equilibrium batch data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model, which quantified the distribution coefficient ($K_F$ = 0.083 L/g), and the Freundlich constant (1/n = 0.339). The closed-loop column experiments showed that the phosphate removal percent decreased from 89.1 to 41.9% with increasing initial pH from 4.82 to 9.53. The adsorption capacity determined from the closed-loop experiment was 0.239 mg/g at initial pH 7.0, which is about two times greater than that ($q_e$ = 0.118 mg/g) from the kinetic batch experiment at the same condition.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 1998

Biomass of non-living brown seaweed Sargassun fluitans pretreated with NaOH is capable of taking up more than $10\%$ $(q_{max}$ : 3.85 mmol/g for Al and 1.48 mmol/g for Cu) of its dry weight in the Al and Cu at pH of 4.5. However, the maximum Al and Cu uptakes calculated from Langmuir isotherm were 1.58 mmol/g for Al and 1.35 mmol/g for Cu at pH 3.5. Equilibrium batch sorption study was performed using two-metal system containing Al and Cu. The mathematical model of the two-metal sorption system enabled quantitative estimation of one-metal biosorption inhibition due to the influence of a second metal. NaOH-treated S. fluitans contained 2.19 mmol $(43\;wt.\%)$ carboxyl groups per gram of biomass. A modified form of Langmuir, which assumes binding of Cu as $Cu^{2+}$ and Al as $Al(OH)_2^+,$ was used to model the experimental data. This result agrees with the one of mono-valent sorption for Al in single-metal system. The modified Langmuir model gives the following affinity correlated coefficients: 0.196 for Cu and 6.820 for Ah at pH 4.5, and 2.904 for Cu and 3.131 for Al at pH 3.5. The interference of Al in Cu biosorptive uptake was assessed by `cutting' the three dimensional uptake isotherm surfaces at constant second-metal final concentrations. Equimolar final equilibrium concentrations of Cu and Al of 1 mM at pH 4.5 give Cu and hi uptakes reduced by $82.5\%\;and\;5.4\%,$ respectively. However, these values at pH 3.5 were $55\%\;(Cu)\;and\;31\%$ (Al).

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6B호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 이보다 더 성능이 향상된 유기 벤토나이트의 제작을 위해 Hexadecyltrimethylammonium(HDTMA)보다 흡착능력이 더 좋을 것으로 예상 되어지는 양이온성 계면 활성제인 Dodecyldimethylethylammonium(DDDEA)와 금속 이온을 유기 벤토나이트 합성 시 동시에 첨가하여 합성방법에 대한 비교와 인 제거 성능을 비교해 보았다. 다양한 유기 벤토나이트의 제조 방법으로 실험해본 결과 금속 이온을 이용하여 층간 가교 점토를 합성한 후 DDDEA 계면 활성제 용액을 첨가하여 합성한 유기 벤토나이트가 계면활성제의 흡착이 가장 좋은 흡착 능력을 보였고 따라서 오염 물질 제거해도 효율 적일 것이라는 예상을 할 수 있었다. 또한 인의 제거 실험에서도 금속이온 층간 가교 점토에 계면 활성제 용액을 첨가하여 합성한 유기 벤토나이트가 약 81%의 가장 높은 인 제거 효율을 보여 주었다. 결과적으로 알루미늄 금속의 첨가를 통해 계면활성제의 흡착이 기존의 HDTMA 유기 벤토나이트보다 더 많이 일어나게 되어 유기 오염 물질의 제거가 잘 이루어질 것으로 예상 되었고 인의 제거도 잘 이루어 졌지만 탈착 실험에서는 금속 이온으로 인하여 계면활성제의 탈착 또한 잘 일어나게 되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.34-50
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• 1973

There are many reports on the stability of drugs in powders and tablets. The stabilities of ascorbic acid in the antacid preparations, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium alumino silicate, and dried aluminum hydroxide gel under various humidities were examined. From the result of the experiment, it was assumed that the concentration of ascorbic acid, the amount of water-vapor sorption, and the physical character of the antacid ingredients were the main factors, influencing the degradation of ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid, mixed with carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, was degradaded rapidly, while the preparation with dried aluminum hydroxide gel was slightly degraded after 10 days. A 2% ascorbic acid in the prepation was rapidly degraded than 10% ascorbic acid in the preparation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Hybrid materials were obtained modifying the bentonite (BC) and local clay (LC) using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) or the clay were pillared with aluminum followed by modification with HDTMA. The materials were characterized by the SEM, FT-IR and XRD analytical tools. The batch reactor data implied that the uptake of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) by the hybrid materials showed very high uptake at the neutral pH region. However, at higher and lower pH conditions, slightly less uptake of E2 was occurred. The uptake of E2 was insignificantly affected changing the sorptive concentration from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L and the background electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1 mol/L. Moreover, the sorption of E2 by these hybrid materials was fairly efficient since within 30 mins of contact time, an apparent equilibrium between solid and solution was achieved, and the data was best fitted to the PSO (pseudo-second order) and FL-PSO (Fractal-like-pseudo second order) kinetic models compared to the PFO (pseudo-first order) model. The fixed-bed column results showed that relatively high breakthrough volume was obtained for the attenuation of E2 using these hybrid materials, and the loading capacity of E2 was estimated to be 75.984, 63.757, 58.965 and 49.746 mg/g for the solids BCH, BCAH, LCH and LCAH, respectively.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1997

The biosorption and desorption of Cr, Cu and Al were carried out using brown marine algae Sargassum fluitans biomass, known as the good biosorbent of heavy metals. The content of alginate bound to light metals could be changed by physical and chemical pretreatment. The maximum uptake of Cr, Cu and Al was independent of the alginate content. The maximum uptaker of Al was two times(mole basis) than those of Cu and Cr. The aluminum-alginate complex was found in the sorption solution of raw and protonated biomass. Most of Cu, Al and light metals sorbed in the biomass were eluted at pH 1.1. However, only 5 to 10% of Cr sorbed was eluted at pH 1.1. The stoiceometric ion exchange between Cu and Ca ion was observed on Cu biosorption with Ca-loaded biomass. A part of Cr ion was bound to biomass as Cr(OH)2+ or Cr(OH)2+. Al was also bound to biomass as multi-valence ion and interfered with the desorbed Ca ion. The behavior of raw S. fluitans in ten consecutive sorption-desorption cycles has been investigated in a packed bed flow-through-column during a continuous removal of copper from a 35 mg/L aqueous solution at pH 5. The eluant used was a 1%(w/v) CaCl2/HC solution at pH 3.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

계면활성제를 이용하여 불포화 지역에 고정화 지역을 설정함으로써, 지하수로 유입되는 유기오염물질의 거동을 지연시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 수분함량을 보유한 불포화 및 포화 조건에서 연속식 컬럼 실험을 수행함으로써, 수분함량에 따른 계면활성제와 유기오염물질의 거동에 대하여 연구하였다. 산화알루미늄(aluminum oxide)이 충진된 컬럼 실험에서 계면활성제(dialkylated disulfonated diphenyl oxide)의 거동 및 수착 특성은 수분함량이 달라져도 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 그러나 계면활성제(DADS)로 개질된 산화알루미늄이 충진된 컬럼 실험에서는 유기오염물질인 나프탈렌(naphthalene)이 수분함량이 감소됨에 따라 거동이 지연되는 현상을 나타내었으며, 또한 더 많은 양의 나프탈렌이 알루미늄 산화물에 흡착된 계면활성제로 흡수되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 유기오염물질의 고정화 방법이 불포화 지역에도 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.966-972
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• 2007

A novel organoclay has been developed with aluminium-pillared clay modified with an amphoteric surfactant, N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (DDAPS). This novel organoclay is expected to have phosphorus removal capacity as well as organic and inorganic contaminant removal capacity, due to aluminum inside the clay structure. It also exhibited less surfactant desorption than conventional cation surfactant-based organoclays. Phosphorus in water can be decreased from 0.2 mg/L to 0.0012 mg/L in 27 hours with this organoclay. Also, cadmium could removed from water using this proposed organo-clay. Experiments were performed under various pHs and amphoteric surfactants sorption capability was the highest at pH 5 when more of the amphoteric surfactant head group took on positive charges.