• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate antiulcer effects of traditional folk medicines such as heat-treated acumen, halloysitum rubrum and os sepiae against stomach ulcer induced by acetic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats. Various pharmacological parameters were utilized to compare the antiulcer effects of aforementioned drugs based on the size of ulcer lesion, pepsin activity, free and total acidity, gastric secretory volume, and 5-HT (hydxoytrytamine) content. All folk medicines and ranitidine as control drus were shown to decrease ulcer lesion size after 5-day treatments, with the order of halloysitum rubrum, os sepiae, heat-treated acumen and ranitidine. All treated drugs except os sepiae inhibited the gastric volume as compared with that in the control group. Ranitidine most significantly inhibited the gastric volume. All the experimented drugs in this study lowered the gastric acidity. Halloysitum rubrum decreased it most remarkably, followed by ranitidine, os sepiae and heat-treated alumen after 5-day treatments. All used drugs alleviated the pepsin activity as compared with the control group, os sepiae being the highest then halloysitum rubrum, heat-treated alumen and ranitidine in turn. Heat-treated alumen and halloysitum rubrum showed mucin production to the great extent, and ranitidine had slight increasing effect thereon. At the end of observation period, all drugs except ranitidine increased 5-HT contents as compared to the normal group. From the above results, we could confirm the folk medicines such as heat-treated alumen, halloysitum rubrum and os sepiae have not only remarkable antiulcer effects but also preventing effects for the stomach ulcer recurrence, which suggest the experimented folk medicines could be developed as new antiulcer agents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.183-198
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• 2005

This experimental study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Phellodendri Cortex(PC), Indigo Naturalis(IN). Alumen(AM), and Chinensis Galla(CG). These four prescriptions most frequently have been used in of oriental medicine for the external the theraphy of Gu-Chang. This study was done to evaluate the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the inhibitory effects of the formation of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interlenkin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$, prostaglandin-E2(PGE2) on the monocyte and neutrophil. The results were summerized as follows. 1. IN has no cytotoxicity but PC, AM, CG have a little cytotoxicity by the increase of concentrations. 2. PC, IN, AM and CG all inhibited the formation of COX-2 in the human neutrophil. 3. $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PC increased the formation of SOD in the human monocyte. 4. $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PC, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of IN, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of CG inhibited the formation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the human monocyte. 5. $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of PC, $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of IN inhibited the formation of $IL-1\;{\beta}$ in the human monocyte. 6. PC, IN, AM and CG all did not inhibit the production of PGE2 in the human monocyte In addition, the results show that PC, IN, AM and CG all have anti-inflammatory effects and can be used fer the external theraphy of Cu-Chang.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out herb-pair prototype composed of Zanthoxyli Fructus, to examine compatibility regulation between them and to classify them into seven features of compatibility. Methods : To search usages of Zanthoxyli Fructus compatibility, we have investigated the classics of herb and prescription such as "五十二病方"(Fifty-two kinds of Diseases), "黃帝內經"(The Medical Classic of Yellow Emperor), "傷寒論"(Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold), "金匱要略"(Synopsis of Prescriptions of The Golden), "附廣肘后方"(Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies), "本草綱目"(Compendium of Materia Medica), "得配本草"(Deukbae Materia Medica). Results : In these books Zanthoxyli Fructus was paired with below herbs; 桂(Cinnamomi Cortex), 薑(Zingiberis Rhizoma), 吳茱萸(Evodiae Fructus), 細辛(Asari Radix), 茴香(Foeniculi Fructus), 肉荳蔲(Cistanches Herba), 釜下土(Terba Flava Usta), 益智仁(Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus), 飴(Saccharum Granorum), 葱白(Allii Radix), 梨(Pyrus), 牙皂(Gleditsia Fructus), 杏仁(Armeniacae Amarum Semen), 蕎麥粉(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), 胡粉(Minium), 白朮(Atractylodis Rhizoma White), 蒼朮(Atractylodis Rhizoma), 麻子仁(Cannabis Fructus), 大麥蘗(Hordei Fructus Germiniatus), 麴(Massa Medicata Fermentata), 生地黃(Rehmanniae Radix), 茯苓(Poria), 牡蛎(Ostreae Concha), 白礬(Alumen), 雄黃(Realgar), 烏頭(Aconiti Radix), 附子(Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix). Conclusions : Zanthoxyli Fructus herb-pair classified by seven features of compatibility are as follows; 1. Mutual reinforcement compatibility with : Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Evodiae Fructus, Asari Radix, Foeniculi Fructus, Cistanches Herba, Terba Flava Usta, Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Saccharum Granorum, Allii Radix, Pyrus, Gleditsia Fructus. 2. Mutual assistance compatibility with : Armeniacae Amarum Semen, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Minium, Atractylodis Rhizoma White, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Cannabis Fructus, Hordei Fructus Germiniatus, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Rehmanniae Radix, Poria, Ostreae Concha, Alumen. 3. Mutual restraint compatibility with: Realgar, Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix) 4. Mutual detoxication compatibility with: 桑汁(Juice of Mori Folium), 桑根汁(Juice of Morus Cortex), 大蒜(Allii Bulbus), 薺苨(Remotiflori Radix), 桂汁(Juice of Cinnamomi Cortex).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1990

Baikgeumhoan is well known for cure of epilepsy. In order to investigate the anticonvulsion, analgesic action and sedative effect of Baikgeumhoan pharmacological studies have been carried out with Baikgeumhoan. Baikgeumhoan is composed of two drugs; Rhizoma curcumae and Alumen. The results were as follows ; 1. Anticonvulsion effect against the convulsion induced by picrotoxin in Mice was significantly recognized. 2. Analgesic action estimated by the acetic acid stimulating meehod was shown in Mice. 3. Sedative effect was shown in Mice. Considering the above experimental results, it is suggested that the effects of Baikgeumhoan based on the Oriental medicinal references were similary consistant with actual experimental results.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2001

According to the literatural study on the Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Traumatherapyof hysterorrhea, the results were as follows. 1. The acupuncture & moxibustion of hysterorrhea is focussed on bloody uterine discharge, leukorrhea and we must carefully diagnose the etiology & the machanism of disease. 2. The causes of hysterorrhea are dampness, impairment of seven emotion, irregular food intake, excessive intercourse and they are impotantly related to liver, spleen, kidney, the ren channel, the chong channel. 3. The diagnosis is grossly divided into the flowing downward of damp-heat, the weaknessof the qi of the spleen, dificiency of yuan of the kidney and according to the each diagnosis, we should select adquate points representing the treatment of cooling(zhongji, yinlingquan, xingjian, etc), desiccation, heiping qi(qihai, zusanli, sanyinjiao, etc), tonificating yang (guanyuan, mingmen, shinshu, etc). 4. The moxibustion is the warming the lower jiao and eliminating the cold, the points are the mingmen point, the zhongji point, the guanyuan point, etc. 5. Besides the acupuncture & moxibustion of hysterorrhea, we can make use of acusetor, ear acupuncture, endermosis, dong shi shen fa. 6. As of traumatherapy of hysterorrhea, fumigation,abluent and soppository are generally used. and the prescriptions as GAMISASANGSAN, BANSUKSAN are used. 7. The medical herbs used on the treatment of hysterorrhea are the tonificating yang, dissipeting, desiccating medicines generally composed of CNIDII FRUCTUS, ALUMEN, ZANTHOXYLI FRUCTUS.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

This study examined non-destructive UV-Vis spectrophotometry as well as 3-D fluorescence spectrophotometry of textile that made use of red dye such as Sappan wood, madder, Safflower, Gromwell. The authors produced two textile specimen that were dyed by not only two kinds of textile (cotton and silk) but also three kinds of mordanting (no-mordanting, alumen and iron), and they investigated effects of each dye material upon investigation results. At analysis with UV-Vis spectrophotometry of dyed textile specimen, dyeing made by sappan wood, madder and gromwell had significant difference depending upon mardant regardless of kinds of textile, and safflower had no significant difference depending upon textile and mordant. At analysis with 3D-fluorescence spectrophotometry, specimen dyed with sappan wood had difference with mordants, and with madder, there were difference with textiles, and safflower had inherent fluorescence spectrum regardless of textiles and mordants, while gromwell had no fluorescence spectrum.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.507-515
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• 2008

To make a bibliographical review on the most frequently used prescriptions and herbs in treating the uterine carcinoma. 43 texts in China and 6 texts in Korea published since 1980 were reviewed for this objective. 590 Oriental Herbal Medicine formulas composed of 457 herbs were investigated. The frequency and efficacy of each herb used were statistically analyzed. The most frequently used herbal medicine formulas were Danchisoyosan in hepatic Qi stasis, Sihosogan-tang mixed with Lungeumdaebo-tang in damage of conception and thoroughfare vessel, Danchisoyosangagam in blood heat, Hoangyunhaedok-tang in pattern of retained dampness-heat, Jibapjihang-tang in iver-kidney yin deficiency pattern, Naebohyunhapsamyoungbaekchulsan in spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern. The herbal medicines most frequently used were; Angelicae gigantis radix(126 times), Phellodendri cortex(91 times), Borneolum(87 times), Glycyrrhizae radix and Paeoniae radix alba(82 times), Realgar and Alumen(80times), Poria(77 times), Astragali radix(75 times), Moschus and Myrrha(74 times), Coicis semen and Olibanum(73 times), Codonopsis pilosulae radix and Scutellaria bardata Don(70 times) etc. The effect of the most frequently used herbs were : heat-clearing medicine(12), blood-circulation and stasis-dispelling medicine(9), tonifying and replenishing medicine(5), ointments(5), heat-clearing and blood-cooling medicine(3) and etc. The most frequently used herbs may be applied in future animal studies and clinical trials. Also this data can be used as a reference in formulating new Oriental Herbal Medicine formulas for uterine carcinoma.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.319-335
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• 2000

According to the literatual study on the external medical trearment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea for gynecologic condition, the results were as follows. 1. Using external medical treatment for Menorrhalgia is to insert vagina theraphy, fumigation theraphy, to wash vagina theraphy, to insert anus theraphy, to apply hot pack theraphy and use with suppository such as BANSUKHWAN(礬石丸), SASANGZASAN(蛇床子散), KUMBONGHYUNGJU(金鳳衡珠) 2. Using external medical treatment for Leucorrhea is washing and fumigation on vagina, to wash vagina, to insert vagina, cleansing theraphy and use with Suppository such as YONGYEOMGO(龍鹽膏), KAMISASANGJASAN(加味蛇床子散), SASANGSACHUNGSEJE(蛇床子洗劑). 3. ANGELICAE GIGANTIS RADIX (當歸) is in mostly general use for external medical treatment of Menorrhalgia and Leucorrhea, in that order ANSU SEMEN(杏仁), EVODIAE FRUCTUS(吳茱萸), TORILIS FRUCTUS (蛇床子), CORYDALIS TUBER(玄胡索), CINIAMOMI CORTEX(肉桂), CARYOPHYLLI FLOS(丁香), ALUMEN(枯白礬), AQUILARIAE LIGNUM (沈香). 4. The efficacy of medicines to use external medical treatment is as follow to help circulation of blood, to warm spleen and stomach, to warm blood, to warm uterus and remove cold, to remove heat and dry moisture, to down heat-product, to contract bloodvessel, to counteract poison and destory virus, to make energy and blood. 5. KUMBONGHYUNGJU, made same size as cherry and shape vagina medicine, use for Menorrhalgia, menstural irregularity, Leucorrhea, it has the efficacy as follow to remove cold and dry moisture, to warm uterus, to help circulation and romove pain, to down moisture-heat.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.20-37
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study was to observe the antibacterial effects of Sasangjasaebang (SSJSB) aqueous extracts, traditionally used for treating various gynecological diseases including vaginitis in Korea and their individual components - Cnidi Fructus(CF), Zanthoxyli Fructus(ZF) and Alumen(AL) against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018, and combination effects of SSJSB extracts and Metronidazole were also monitored in this study. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 of SSJSB (CF : ZF : AL = 10 : 3 : 3) aqueous extracts and their individual components were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at MIC and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The combination effects of SSJSB aqueous extracts and Metronidazole were observed by Checkboard Microtiter Assay and effects on bacterial growth curve treated with SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC + Metronidazole MIC, 1/2MIC and 1/4MIC, respectively. In the present study, Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 were incubated under $37^{\circ}C$, 10% CO2 and bacterial growth curves were calculated at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs after incubations. Results: MIC of CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders and SSJSB aqueous extracts against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 were detected as $27.5\;{\pm}\;13.693$(12.5~50), $6.875\;{\pm}\;3.423$(3.125~12.5), $4.375\;{\pm}\;1.713$(3.125~6.25) and $2.188\;{\pm}\;0.856(1.563{\sim}3.125)mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. MIC of Metronidazole was detected as $7.6\;{\pm}\;5.367(2{\sim}16){\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at same conditions. In addition, Metronidazole, CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders, and SSJSB aqueous extracts showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and more dramatical inhibitions were detected in Metronidazole 1/2 MIC + SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with each of single Metronidazole MIC and SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatments, respectively. Especially, quite similar inhibitory effects on bacterial growth were detected in Metronidazole 1/4 MIC + SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with single Metronidazole MIC treatment in the present study. FIC index were detected as $0.475\;{\pm}\;0.137$(0.375~0.625) at Checkboard Microtiter Assay. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders, and SSJSB aqueous extracts showed antibacterial effects against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018, and they also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. More potent antibacterial effects were detected in SSJSB aqueous extract as compared with individual components, respectively. In addition, combination treatment of SSJSB aqueous extract and Metronidazole showed more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gardnerella vaginalis with FIC index $0.475\;{\pm}\;0.137$(0.375~0.625). According to these results, the combination of SSJSB aqueous extract and Metronidazole is synergistic, and it is expected that effective dosages of Metronidazole could be reduced to 1/4 levels in combination with SSJSB extracts. And it might be needed to make further studies to seek the herbs which have antibacterial effects on the Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

A total of 93 mineral medicines are mentioned in the Chinese Bonchodogam(本草圖鑑). In Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑), 77 mineral medicines are listed, where 18 are from soil origin, 4 from gem origin, and 55 mineral medicines were originated from stone. In the Herblogy(本草學), which is the textbook used in most oriental medicine colleges in Korea, a total of 23 mineral medicines are listed. Of those, Cinnabaris, Alumen, Melanteritum, Realgar, Orpimentum, Sulfur, Lime from Donguibogam, additional eight which are Talcum, Calomelas, Minium, Calamina, Stannum, Hydrargyrum, Lithargyrum, Hydrargyrum Chloratum from Bonchodogam and Gypsum, Natrii Sulfas, Talcum, Cinnabaris, Sulfur, Arsenicum Sublimatum, Realgar, Calomelas, Minium, Calamina, Borax, Aurum, Glauberitum from Herblogy were selected as the mineral medicine applicable as external atopic dermatitis treatment. Most of the mineral medicines were generally regarded as toxic materials, and therefore, they were elaborately processed to remove toxicity before use. In accordance, it is necessary to discuss how to effectively remove toxicity from toxic mineral medicines. In addition, detoxification can be applied to those mineral medicines classified based on the index material or high content compounds, and if efficacy can be evaluated through various analytical methods, this can be applied to diverse inflammatory diseases as well as atopic dermatitis.