• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

This paper aimed to evaluate the results of alternative acute toxicity test on 83 wastewater samples. Each sample was tested by traditional method (using laboratory cultured D. magna as a test organism) and alternative method (using Toxikit which can be purchased from a specialized company). The relationship between Lab. culture toxicity and Toxkits toxicity indicated good relation ($r^2=0.84$, p<0.01, n = 83). Number of samples which showed a small difference of lower than 0.5 between two test methods were 52 and they account for 63 percent of collected samples. In addition, these 52 samples had a lower average toxicity of TU 0.5 (Lab. culture method) and TU 0.45 (Toxkits method). Whereas samples which indicated big difference of test results between two methods, had a tendency to show higher toxicity. From these results, alternative toxicity test method could be applied to the official test method, if samples would have a lower toxicity less than TU 2. Also, Toxikit standard toxicant test results indicated $EC_{50}$ values between 0.93 and 1.68 mg/L and these results were considered as valid for quality control standard.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

Background : The current medical statistics used in clinical research are the results of Fisher's significance test and the Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test, which were combined by psychologists. Also, in the philosophical background, it is related to Popper's falsificationism based hypothesis-deductive method and reduction to absurdity. Objectives : This study was designed to find complementary and alternative methods of null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis used for the clinical research methodology of Korean medicine otolaryngology. Methods : The body of this paper was divided into seven part. These are historical background, hypothesis test, hypothesis test method used in the design of clinical study, falsificationism and reduction to absurdity, problem and alternative method of the Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test, diagnosis example of sinusitis differentiation syndromes by Bayesian statistics. Through this process, we found out problems of frequentist statistics and suggested alternative methods. Result & Conclusion : As a solution to the problems of the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis, there are effects size, confidence interval, Bayesian statistics and Lakatos methodology of scientific research programmes.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 수분산 제형에 사용되는 방부력 시험법과 PCPC (personal care products council) 가이드라인 대체시험법, direct contact membrane method 및 surface mold test 사이의 차이점을 연구하여 비수분산 특수 제형 방부력 시험 진행 시 고려되어야 하는 사항에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 우리는 스틱 및 프레스트 파우더에에 대한 시험법 비교 시 대체 시험법을 사용했을 때 개선된 수준으로 방부력 시험 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 W/S 에멀젼과 루즈 파우더의 경우, 기존 시험법이나 대체 시험법간 결과 개선 차이가 크지 않았음을 확인하였다. 각각의 제품에 대해 방부시스템 존재 시와 부재 시 결과들을 확인했을 때, 시험법별로 차이가 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로, 비수분산 특수 제형에 대한 방부력을 측정할 때 기존 및 대체 시험법을 병행 사용하여 개선된 수준의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 스틱 및 프레스 파우더의 경우, 소비자 사용방식을 적용하는 방식의 방부력 시험법을 적용하였을 때, 보다 더 유효성 있는 결과를 도출해 낼 수 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to conduct the field validation of alternative method(ETM method) by using non-carcinogenic, and less toxic solvents than NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) analytical method 5524 for measuring the airborne metalworking fluids in workplaces. We carried out the field validation test by using the exposure chamber, guaranteeing the air sampling homogeneously in a machining environment. The ETM mixed solvent presented the complete solubility of MWFs used in test field. Based on the field test data, the bias of the ETM method from reference method, NIOSH analytical method 5524, was from -7.0% to 5.1%. The overall uncertainty of the ETM nethod was 21.6%, which satisfied the NIOSH criteria for the sampling and analytical criteria.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to introduce alternative cost-effectiveness analysis method of DSM investment programs. This alternative method is Value Test method which consider the effects of DSM investment program on customer value. And this method was applied for actual DSM investment program in natural gas domain. By utilize this method to evaluate cost-effectiveness of DSM investment programs, it is expected to make right decision to enforce and complement those programs.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2016

Animal testing was used traditionally in the cosmetics industry to confirm product safety, but has begun to be banned; alternative methods to replace animal experiments are either in development, or are being validated, worldwide. Research data related to test substances are critical for developing novel alternative tests. Moreover, safety information on cosmetic materials has neither been collected in a database nor shared among researchers. Therefore, it is imperative to build and share a database of safety information on toxicological mechanisms and pathways collected through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. We developed the CAMSEC database (named after the research team; the Consortium of Alternative Methods for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics) to fulfill this purpose. On the same website, our aim is to provide updates on current alternative research methods in Korea. The database will not be used directly to conduct safety evaluations, but researchers or regulatory individuals can use it to facilitate their work in formulating safety evaluations for cosmetic materials. We hope this database will help establish new alternative research methods to conduct efficient safety evaluations of cosmetic materials.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2006

International Maritime Organization (IMO) is planning to include the Alternative Assessment of the Weather Criterion in the new Intact Stability (IS) Code to be revised. In this study, the procedure of the model test in the Interim Guidelines was reviewed by carrying out the model test and analyzing the test results. For this purpose, RO/RO passenger ship whose ratios of breadth to draft and the height of weight to draft were above 3.5 and above 0.6 respectively was selected as a test ship. Drifting test and motion test in regular waves were performed to estimate the hydrodynamic heeling lever and roll-back angle. Motion tests in waves were carried out in the three wave steepness conditions to measure roll-back angle and examine the feasibility of so called, the Three-step method. Using the test data, satisfaction of the Weather Criterion was assessed for the test ship by using the alternative method and compared with the current method.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.197-222
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to find out if it is possible to apply the Waldorf School's mathematics education method to Korean alternative schools which are run under the national curriculum. To achieve this, the researcher conducted class on geometry for three weeks with ten 7th graders(four girls and six boys) from Apple Tree Waldorf alternative school in Busan, which has adopted Valdorf education courses. For the first two weeks, the class was about 'fundamental geometrical construction', and then it was evaluated. On the third week, the lesson was on plane figures, followed by a test with 9 plane figure questions that are based on general middle school mathematics curriculum. The result shows that most of the students understood 'fundamental geometrical construction'. When it comes to the test on 'plane figures', seven students got 8 out of 9 right, two students got 6 out of 9 right, and one of them had difficulty solving the questions. According to the results of this research, it is thought that there will be no problem for students to understand mathematical concept even if the Waldorf School's mathematics education method is applied to Korean alternative schools. Also, the Waldorf School's mathematics education method is considered to be a good teaching model for the Korean mathematics curriculum which places emphasis on 'mathematical creativity' in regard to the curriculum and contents.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.58-65
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• 2004

Recently, the top & down method with drilled shafts as a foundation of high rise building is often adopted for the purpose of construction period reduction and construction cost effectiveness. It is common to omit the loading test as a Quality assurance on account of the high capacity of drilled shafts for the top & down method. It seems that the capacity of drilled shaft in recent top & down method is beyond that of conventional loading test method.However, the quality assurance for the drilled shaft as foundation of high rise building becomes much more important since the drilled shaft should bear much higher working load. It may be a small scale test pile could be an alternative as a quality assurance for the drilled shaft with high capacities. Through a case study, this paper gives an idea for solving the limitation of the conventional loading test method for the quality assurance of drilled shaft with high capacities. In particular, this paper analyzed the scale effect for a small drilled shaft installed into bedrock, which could be used for an alternative.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2015

Bonding strength of a thermal sprayed coating is difficult to measure using a conventional pull-off test method. Scratch test is a potential alternative testing method. An adhesive and a cohesive bond strength of the coating can be measured by the pull-off test while the scratch test performed on the cross-section of the thermal sprayed coating can only demonstrate the cohesive bond strength of the coating. Nevertheless, it is still beneficial to perform the scratch testing on the cross-section of the coating for the sake of comparison thus providing an alternative to the pull-off test. The scratch test method can reduce testing time and cost in the long run due to a significant cost reduction in consumables and energy and time saving from the curing step of the glue used in the pull-off test. This research investigates the possibility of using the scratch test to measure the cohesive bond strength of Mo/NiCrBSi composite coating. The results from the pull-off test and the scratch test indicate that the cohesive bond strengths of the Mo composite coating show similar trend and that the cohesive bond strength are increased when increasing NiCrBSi content.