• 식물병연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2022

Zea mays, known as maize or corn, is a major staple crop and an important source of energy for humans and animals, thus ensuring global food security. Approximately 9.4% of the loss of total annual corn production is caused by pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, resulting in economic losses. Although the use of fungicides is one of the most common strategies to control corn diseases, the frequent use of fungicides causes various health problems in humans and animals. In order to overcome this problem, an eco-friendly control strategy has recently emerged as an alternative way. One such eco-friendly control strategy is the use of beneficial microorganisms in the control of plant pathogens. The beneficial microorganisms can control the plant pathogens in various ways, such as spatial competition with plant pathogens, inhibition of fungal or bacterial growth via the production of secondary metabolites or antibiotics, and direct attack to plant pathogens via enzyme activity. Here, we reviewed microorganisms as biocontrol agents against corn diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.799-805
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• 2016

Background: There is no standard treatment for patients with platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Single agent chemotherapies have evidence of more efficacy and less toxicity than combination therapy. Most are very expensive, with appreciable toxicity and minimal survival. Since it is difficult to make comparison between outcomes, economic analysis of single-agent chemotherapy regimens and best supportive care may help to make decisions about an appropriate management for the affected patients. Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of second-line chemotherapy compared with best supportive care for patients with platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: A Markov model was used to estimate the effectiveness and total costs associated with treatments. The hypothetical patient population comprised women aged 55 with platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Four types of alternative treatment options were evaluated: 1) gemcitabine followed by BSC; 2) pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) followed by BSC; 3) gemcitabine followed by topotecan; and 4) PLD followed by topotecan. Baseline comparator of alternative treatments was BSC. Time horizon of the analysis was 2 years. Health care provider perspective and 3% discount rate were used to determine the costs of medical treatment in this study. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) were used to measure the treatment effectiveness. Treatment effectiveness data were derived from the literature. Costs were calculated from unit cost treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer patients at various stages of disease in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) in the year 2011. Parameter uncertainty was tested in probabilistic sensitivity analysis by using Monte Carlo simulation. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to explore each variable's impact on the uncertainty of the results. Results: Approximated life expectancy of best supportive care was 0.182 years and its total cost was 26,862 Baht. All four alternative treatments increased life expectancy. Life expectancy of gemcitabine followed by BSC, PLD followed by BSC, gemcitabine followed by topotecan and PLD followed by topotecan was 0.510, 0.513, 0.566, and 0.570 years, respectively. The total cost of gemcitabine followed by BSC, PLD followed by BSC, gemcitabine followed by topotecan and PLD followed by topotecan was 113,000, 124,302, 139,788 and 151,135 Baht, respectively. PLD followed by topotecan had the highest expected quality-adjusted life-years but was the most expensive of all the above strategies. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of gemcitabine followed by BSC, PLD followed by BSC, gemcitabine followed by topotecan and PLD followed by topotecan was 344,643, 385,322, 385,856, and 420,299 Baht, respectively. Conclusions: All of the second-line chemotherapy strategies showed certain benefits due to an increased life-year gained compared with best supportive care. Moreover, gemcitabine as second-line chemotherapy followed by best supportive care in progressive disease case was likely to be more effective strategy with less cost from health care provider perspective. Gemcitabine was the most cost-effective treatment among all four alternative treatments. ICER is only an economic factor. Treatment decisions should be based on the patient benefit.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.681-698
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• 2022

The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 퇴행성관절염 여성노인들의 보완대체요법 이용 유무에 따른 건강증진행위의 차이를 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 총 621명으로 C도 1개 도시 보건소와 보건지소에 등록된 퇴행성관절염 여성노인이다. 자료 분석 방법은 보완대체요법 이용률은 빈도와 백분율로, 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 질병관련 특성에 따른 보완대체요법 이용차이는 ${\chi}^2$ 검정, 보완대체요법 이용유무에 따른 건강증진행위 정도는 t-test, ANOVA로 분석하였다. 연구결과 전체 대상자 621명의 보완대체요법 사용률은 61.7%였으며 보완대체요법 이용유무에 따른 두 집단간 건강증진행위 영역에서 운동(p<.001), 건강책임(p<.001), 자아실현(p=.016)은 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 퇴행성관절염 여성노인들의 보완대체요법 이용 유무에 따른 건강증진행위가 차이가 있으므로 보완대체요법의 안전하고 올바른 사용에 대한 상담 및 지도가 필요하고 건강증진 전략행위 개발이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1072-1077
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• 2010

본 실험은 7가지의 칼슘제제; calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydride가 포함된 PDA배지에서 잿빛곰팡이 균의 방제효과를 알고자 실시되었다. 선발된 칼슘제제의 pH는 8.2-10으로 대조구인 pH 6.6보다는 높게 측정되었다. 7가지 칼슘제제가 포함된 PDA배지에서의 잿빛곰팡이병 방제 colony size(mm) 결과는 calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydride, calcium hydroxide가 다른 칼슘제제들 보다 잿빛곰팡이병 억제에 효과가 좋았다. 선택된 4개의 칼슘제제를 식물체에 처리 한 후 잿빛곰팡이병의 포자를 살포한 실험과 희석된 4개의 칼슘제제)를 표준 양액재배에 첨부하여 한 달간 양액을 공급한 후 잿빛곰팡이병의 포자를 접종한 실험결과는 칼슘제제를 처리하지 않은 대조구보다는 칼슘제제를 처리한 실험구에서 잿빛곰팡이병의 발생률이 대체적으로 낮았다. 칼슘제제를 처리한 파프리카 식물체에서 잿빛곰팡이병 억제에 대하여서는 칼슘제제 처리에 따른 어느 정도의 염기스트레스의 영향 등으로 볼 수가 있겠다.