• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is one of the most critical problems of modern medicine. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for such bacterial infections. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic potential of phage Kpn5 in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infection in a mouse model. An experimental model of contact burn wound infection was established in mice employing K. pneumoniae B5055 to assess the efficacy of phage Kpn5 in vivo. Survival and stability of phage Kpn5 were evaluated in mice and the maximum phage count in various organs was obtained at 6 h and persisted until 36 h. The Kpn5 phage was found to be effective in the treatment of Klebsiella-induced burn wound infection in mice when phage was administered immediately after bacterial challange. Even when treatment was delayed up to 18 h post infection, when all animals were moribund, approximately 26.66% of the mice could be rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to protect bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not due to a nonspecific immune effect. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were significantly lower in sera and lungs of phage-treated mice than phage untreated control mice. The results of the present study bring out the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternate preventive approach to treat K. pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infections. This approach not only helps in the clearance of bacteria from the host but also protects against the ensuing inflammatory damage due to the exaggerated response seen in any infectious process.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2008

가지 주요 해충 약제방제 체계 확립을 위하여 아바멕틴 유제와 스피노사드 입상수화제 체계 처리에 의한 방제효과를 조사하였다. 해충 발생 초기에 시험약제 교호로 7일 간격 2회, 10일 간격 2회, 7일 간격 3회, 10일 간격 3회 처리하여 방제효과를 조사하였다. 모든 처리구에서 처리후 28일 까지 꽃노랑총채벌레 밀도는 엽당 $0.3{\sim}1.8$마리, 점박이응애는 엽당 0.0마리로 높은 밀도 억제 효과와 방제지속 효과가 인정되었다. 아메리카잎굴파리와 온실가루이는 약제 처리후 밀도억제 효과는 높았으나 약효 지속기간은 꽃노랑총채벌레와 점박이응애보다 짧은 경향이었다. 이상의 결과 가지에서 문제시되는 꽃노랑총채벌레, 점박이응애, 온실가루이, 아메리카잎굴파리를 동시에 방제하기 위해서는 발생초기부터 10일 간격으로 3회 처리하는 방법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 생각되었다.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2018

The seeds of Elaeocarpus serratus, a tropical underutilized fruit tree are characterized by hard seed coat and consequent poor water uptake and low germination. To improve the regeneration through seeds, various parameters such as viability of seeds, water uptake, and effect of seed mass on germination and pretreatments were performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). Tetrazolium (TZ) test was conducted using fresh, mature seeds revealed $50{\pm}2.56%$ mean viability. Seeds of different weight classes showed similar pattern of water uptake and the saturation level was achieved at 60 hrs of soaking. Seeds belong to weight class 2.6-3.5g were germinated ($12.5{\pm}1.26%$) with $175{\pm}1.75days$ (d) of mean time taken for germination (MTG). Germination capacity of seeds varied significantly among different populations and Varkala population gave $12.5{\pm}1.1%$ germination with $174.6{\pm}2.5d$ MTG. Among various seed treatments, mechanical scarification was superior in germination and significant reduction in MTG ($p{\leq}0.05$). The mechanical scarification by complete removal of seed coat resulted in $49.2{\pm}1.52%$ germination within a short period of time ($9.52{\pm}0.89d$ MTG). However, the complete removal of seed coat without damaging to embryo is a difficult task. An alternate treatment (Mechanical scarification II) by making cracks on nut faces vertically followed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hrs gave $48.4{\pm}1.73%$ germination with significantly reduced MTG ($12.14{\pm}0.56d$) over unsoaked, untreated control ($6.5{\pm}1.84%$ germination and $197.18{\pm}1.79d$ MTG; $p{\leq}0.05$). This treatment (Mechanical scarification II) is therefore recommended for E. serratus seeds as it can adopt easily and can achieve 7 fold increases in germination over control. The recorded germination through mechanical scarification is in tune with realized viability percentage of the seeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1800-1812
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• 2005

Aquaculture pollution is a major concern among the entrepreneurs, farmers and researchers. Excess discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen into the water bodies is the principal pollutant responsible for this. Plant-based feed ingredients due to its high phytic acid content enhances both nitrogen and phosphorus discharge thereby increasing the pollution level. Dietary phytase treatment is probably the best answer to address this problem. This review explains the nature and properties of phytate, its interactions with other nutrients and the application of phytase in aquafeed to reduce the pollution. This review also covers the different biotechnological aspects for lowering the phytic acid level in the common aquafeed ingredients, as an alternate approach to controlling the pollution level. Some of future research needs have also been highlighted to attract the attention of more researchers to this area.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.653-662
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• 2000

A single experimental design (alternating treatment design) was used to compare the effects of the mobilization and heat therapy on the pain and mouth opening in patient with temporo-mandibular disorder (TMD). In the mobilization sessions, the physiotherapist performed two methods of the mobilization on the temporo-mandibular joints. In the heat therapy sessions, the patient received infrared and ultrasono on the temporo-mandibular joint. The mobilization and heat therapy were performed on alternate days during 10 days. Pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and mouth opening was measured by caliper. The results showed that mobilization and heat therapy were effective in pain reduce and mouth opening increase, and mobilization was superior to heat therapy in mouth opening increase and pain reduce.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 1996

Thyroxine을 5, 10, 15$\mu$g/ml의 수준으로 이화성 누에 NB18 품종의 유충에 도말처리한 결과 유충, 견사선, 고치, 고치층 등의 무게가 증가되고 유충경과 일수는 단축되는 등, 누에의 실용형질이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 전반적으로 10-15$\mu$g/ml의 thyroxine 처리구에서 얻어졌고 5$\mu$g/ml처리구는 대조구와 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 화아율과 부화율은 thyroxine처리의 영향을 받지 않았고 유충경과일수는 단축되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2015

The rapid urbanization in Pakistan is creating a shortage of sustainable construction sites with good soil conditions. Attempts have been made to use rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete industry of Pakistan, however, limited literature is available on its potential to improve local soils. This paper presents an experimental study on engineering properties of low and high plastic cohesive soils blended with 0-20% RHA by dry weight of soil. The decrease in plasticity index and shrinkage ratio indicates a reduction in swell potential of RHA treated cohesive soils which is beneficial for problems related to placing pavements and footings on such soils. It is also observed that the increased formation of pozzolanic products within the pore spaces of soil from physicochemical changes transforms RHA treated soils to a compact mass which decreases both total settlement and rate of settlement. A notable increase in friction angle with increase in RHA up to 16% was also observed in direct shear tests. It is concluded that RHA treatment is a cost-effective and sustainable alternate to deal with problematic local cohesive soils in agro-based developing countries like Pakistan.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2017

As an alternate technique for water softening, high voltage impulse (HVI) is introduced and verified if it can control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water treatment. After HVI was applied to the artificial hard water containing $100{\pm}5mg/L$ $Ca^{2+}$ for 4 hours, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the electrical conductivity were measured. The concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was reduced from 94.5 to 86.3 mg/L (8.7% reduction) after 4 hour contact of HVI under 5 kV condition. The $Ca^{2+}$ was decreased from 92 to 77.7 mg/L (15.6% reduction) at 8kV and from 90.1 to 75.4 mg/L (16.3% reduction) at 12 kV condition. Both of the contact time and the applied voltage were important parameters affecting the calcium ion reduction. With these results, it was verified that HVI technique could be potential candidate for control of $CaCO_3$ scale formation.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2009

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), which is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder, results from a CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Retention of mutant DMPK (mDMPK) transcripts in the nuclei of affected cells has been known to be the main cause of pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, reducing the RNA toxicity through elimination of the mutant RNA has been suggested as one therapeutic strategy against DM1. In this study, we suggested RNA replacement with a trans -splicing ribozyme as an alternate genetic therapeutic approach for amelioration of DM1. To this end, we identified the regions of mDMPK 3'-UTR RNA that were accessible to ribozymes by using an RNA mapping strategy based on a trans-splicing ribozyme library. We found that particularly accessible sites were present not only upstream but also downstream of the expanded repeat sequence. Repair or replacement of the mDMPK transcript with the specific ribozyme will be useful for DM1 treatment through reduction of toxic mutant transcripts and simultaneously restore wild-type DMPK or release nucleus-entrapped mDMPK transcripts to the cytoplasm.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2010

InSb thin films with a thickness of approximately 300 nm were prepared using single- and double-source vacuum evaporation methods and their structures and properties were investigated in terms of a heat treatment procedure. The double-source InSb films, prepared by the alternate stacking of In and Sb, were polycrystalline in structure and included small amounts of unreacted In and Sb phases. After annealing at elevated temperatures below the melting point of InSb (525$^{\circ}C$), the films changed into the InSb phase and were found to contain small amounts of unreacted In. The formation capability of the InSb compound was slightly lower for multilayer films than for single-layer films. The electrical and galvanomagnetic properties were found to be strongly related to the microstructures of the films. The maximum value of the Hall mobility and the magnetoresistance were determined to be $4.3{\times}10^3cm^2$/Vs and 70%, respectively, for the single-layer films, while these values for the alternately stacked films were respectively $2.9{\times}10^3cm^2$/Vs and 29% for the $[Sb(2.5)/In(2.5)]_{60}$ films, and $3.1{\times}10^3cm^2$/Vs and 10% for the $[Sb(150)/In(150)]_1$ films.