• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2012

Increasing demand of energy, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, energy security and the climate change have forced us to look upon alternate energy resources. For today's electric vehicles that run on lithium-ion batteries, one of the biggest downsides is the limited range between recharging. Over the past several years, researchers have been working on lithium-air battery. These batteries could significantly increase the range of electric vehicles due to their high energy density, which could theoretically be equal to the energy density of gasoline. Li-air batteries are potentially viable ultra-high energy density chemical power sources, which could potentially offer specific energies up to 3000 $Whkg^{-1}$ being rechargeable. This paper provides a review on Lithium air battery as alternate energy resource for the future.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.58-59
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• 2006

Less than a decade ago, most alternate membrane materials for fuel cells relied upon a post-sulfonation process to generate ionic groups capable of transporting protons from the anode to the cathode. These random post sulfonations showed some promise, but in general they produced materials that were not sufficiently stable or protonically conductive at ion exchange capacities where aqueous swelling could be restricted. Our group began to synthesize disulfonated monomers that could be used to incorporate into random copolymer proton exchange membranes. The expected limitation was that the aromatic polymers might not be stable enough to withstand fuel cell conditions. However, this was mostly based upon an accelerated test known was the Fenton's Reagent Test, which did not seem to this author as being a reliable predictor of performance. A much better approach has been to evaluate the open circuit voltage (OCV) for alternate membranes, as well as the benchmark perfluorosulfonic acid systems. When this is done, the aromatic ionomers of this study, primarily based upon disulfonated polyarylene ether sulfones, show up quite well. Real time 3000 hours DMFC results have also been generated. Obtaining conductive materials at low humidities is another major issue where alternate membranes have not been particularly successful. In order to address this problem, multiblock copolymers with relatively high water diffusion coefficients have been designed, which show promise for conductivity at lowered humidity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

The introduction of alternative fuels is beneficial to overcome the fuel shortage and reduce engine exhaust emissions. LPG and CNG are relatively clean fuel and considered as most promising alternative automotive fuels worldwide because of its emission reduction potential and lower fuel price compared to gasoline. Now a day’s adaptation of dual fuel approach is the growing as common trend. The two fuels can be successfully implemented with existing gasoline engine with little modification. The present study was done to analyze the performance and emissions analysis of a multi cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with the benefits of CNG and LPG aseffective alternate automotive fuels by simply using them in an unmodified petrol engine. The test results indicate, the energy content of CNG and LPG is the most limiting factor in acceptance for fuel economy and performance reasons. Thermal efficiency was high for CNG lowest for gasoline and LPG between the two. BSFC, CO and HC were low and NOx was high for CNG and low for gasoline, LPG lies between the two.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

Carbon nanotubes, prepared by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene at $700^{\circ}C$ over a Mm based $AB_5$ hydrogen storage alloy hydride catalysts, have been used as a support for platinum electrocatalysts. The performance of this electrocatalyst In proton exchange membrane fuel cells has been studied and discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

배기가스의 규제가 전 세계적으로 강화되고 있는 가운데, 경유사용 디젤기관은 가솔린기관 보다 열효율이 높고 온실가스인 $CO_2$ 배출량이 적은 장점이 있으나, PM(입자상 물질)과 NO$_{x}$가 다량 배출되는 단점이 있다. 이들의 저감책으로서, 엔진개량, 연료분사장치의 고압화와 전자제어화, 배기 후처리기술의 적용 등 디젤기관의 고효율성을 손상시키지 않으면서, 배기공해를 대폭 저감하려는 연구가 활발히 추진되고 있으며, 한편으로는 디젤기관의 대체연료에 대한 연구가 활발히 추진되고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.128-139
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• 2000

Environmental concerns and shortage of petroleum have promoted considerable interest in the use of alternate fuels in stationary diesel engine. In this study, a heavy-duty, intercooler-turbocharged 6-cylinder stationary diesel engine was converted into stationary gas engine fueled with propane or natural gas for the cogeneration plants. One of the most important factors in the combustion features of a stationary gas engine is the fuel composition and operating parameters in terms of compression ratio, spark advance, and engine loads. Experiments with different fuel gas and load conditions were carried out with combustion pressure analysis and NOx measurement. Combustion analysis based on P-$\theta$ diagrams was also investigated by means of combustion duration and cycle variation. Compression ratio is 10.0 and ignition timing is set by using the gasoline setting as a base line and advanced toward BTDC. The results show that fuel composition and spark advance have dominant effects on combustion and NOx characteristics at operating conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.812-828
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• 2010

A fuel injection system using an ECU HILS as an alternate to a vehicle test for the fuel injectors was developed. The throttle position, vehicle speed, engine speed, crank position, cam position, intake air flow, and several other sensor signals that are supplied to the ECU were measured and recorded as a data file for a vehicle driven in the FTP-75 mode in a chassis dynamometer. Electric signals that are equivalent to the sensor signals from the vehicle are reconstructed from the recorded data file using data acquisition boards, microprocessors, and computers. All sensor signals are supplied to the ECU with synchronized timing using a computer program. The findings show that the cost and time of vehicle experiments can be reduced using the ECU HILS system. Moreover, the repeatability of the generation of sensor signals can enhance the accuracy of a range of experiment related to vehicle testing. An ECU scanner that scans the sensor signals that are input to the ECU through a serial port was used to assess the accuracy of the reconstructed signals. The scanning results show good agreement with the reconstructed input signals. Injectors were connected to the ECU HILS system and were driven by the system to measure the quantity of injected fuel.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.557-565
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• 2022

The effect of flow configuration in ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell are investigated by using a three-dimensional numerical model. Typical flow configurations including co-flow and counter-flow are considered. The ammonia is directly fed into the stack without any external reforming process, resulting in an internal decomposition of NH3 in the anode electrode of the stack. The result showed that temperature profile in the case of counter-flow is more uniform than the co-flow configuration. The counter-flow cell, the temperature is highest at the middle of the channel while in the case of co-flow, the temperature is continuously increased and reached maximum value at the outlet area. This leads to a higher averaged current density in counter-flow compared to that of co-flow, about 5%.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2009

This paper presents bio-ethanol production from fruit wastes as it possibly alternate fossil fuel in the future. To illustrate the component ratio in exocarps of fruit wastes such as pears, apples, and persimmons, the amount of moisture, lignin, $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$-cellulose, and ash content were respectively examined by the ingredient analysis. Also, the amount of the glucose obtained from the enzyme hydrolysis using the axocarps was investigated. It was found in our results that the energy efficient process requires different temperature conditions for the saccharification step($50^{\circ}C$ and the fermentation step($30^{\circ}C$ in ethanol synthesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.319.1-319.1
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• 2013

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been recognized as one of emerging renewable energy sources, due to minimized pollutant production and high efficiency in operation. The performance of SOFCs is largely dependent on the electrode polarization which involves the oxidation/reduction in cathodes and anodes along with the charge transport of ions and electronic carriers. Atomic layer deposition is based on the alternate chemical surface reaction occurring at low temperatures with high uniformity and superior step coverage. Such features can be extended into the coating of metal oxide and/or metal layer onto the porous materials. In particular, the atomic layer deposition is can manipulated in controlling the charge transport in terms of triple phase boundaries, in order to control artificially the electrochemical polarization in electrodes of SOFC. The current work applied atomic layer deposition of metal oxides intro the electrodes of SOFCs. The corresponding effect was monitored in terms of the electrochemical characterization. The roles of atomic layer deposition in solid oxide fuel cells are discussed towards optimized towards long-term durability at intermediate temperature.