• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 2014

The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extracted from Pinus koraiensis seed against pathogens related to acne. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method. The chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Alpha-pinene (29.87%), D-limonene (19.26%), betapinene (11.19%), beta-myrcene (3.84%), n-hexadecanoi acid (3.2%), beta-caryphyllene (2.72%), and cyclohexene (2.17%) were main components. This essential oil had antimicrobial activities against Malasseizia furfur, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.197-199
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• 2015

The composition of the essential oil of Ligustrum japonicum leaves was determined by GC-MS analysis. The major constituents of L. japonicum leaf oil were germacrene D (40.50%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (13.63%), (-)-${\beta}$-elemene (6.42%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (5.73%), and $\delta$-cadinene (5.47%). The acaricidal activities of L. japonicum oil were evaluated against acaridae and pyroglyphid mites. In the fumigant bioassay, the $LD_{50}$ values of L. japonicum oil were 16.48, 12.38, and $15.63{\mu}g/cm^3$ against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Dermatophagoides farinae, and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. In the contact bioassay, the $LD_{50}$ values of L. japonicum oil were 8.02, 5.02, and $7.67{\mu}g/cm^2$ against T. putrescentiae, D. farinae, and D. pteronyssinus, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2008

The aroma constituents of Chrysanthemum indicum L. were separated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower oil was 2.0% (w/w) and the color was light golden yellow. Sixty-three volatile flavor components, which make up 89.28% of the total aroma composition of the flower oil, were tentatively characterized. This essential oil contained 35 hydrocarbons (48.75%), 12 alcohols (19.92%), 6 ketones (15.31%), 3 esters (4.61%), 5 aldehydes (0.43%), 1 oxide (0.22%), and 1 miscellaneous component (0.04%). ${\alpha}$-Pinene (14.63%), 1,8-cineol (10.71%) and chrysanthenone (10.01%) were the predominant volatile components in Chrysanthemum indicum L., an aromatic medicinal herbaceous plant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.765-769
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• 2005

The essential oil fraction of Ostericum koreanum was analyzed by GC-MS. Inhibiting activities of this oil and its main components were tested by the broth dilution assay and disk diffusion test against one antibiotic-susceptible and two resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed thirty-four compounds; the main components were $\alpha$-pinene (41.12%), $\rho$-cresol (17.99%) and 4-methylacetophenone (7.90%). The essential oil of O. koreanum and its main components were significantly effective against the tested antibiotic-susceptible strains as well as against the resistant strains of the two Salmonella species, with MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) ranging from 2 mg/mL to 16 mg/mL. The anti-Salmonella effects of the oils were dose-dependent on $M\"{u}ller-Hinton$ agar plates in this experiment. Additionally, checkerboard titer test results demonstrated significant combined effects of streptomycin and O. koreanum oil or cresol, one of the main components of this oil, against the two streptomycin resistant strains of S. typhimurium, with FICIs ranging from 0.12 to 0.37.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.279-282
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• 1998

This expriment was carried out to get basic information on composition and yield of aromatic constituents in leaves of four medicinal plants, Angelica tenuissima, Chrysanthemum zawadskii. ssp. latilobum, Artemisia iwayomogi and Artemisia capillaris. Volatile aromatic constituents, 28 compounds in Angelica tenuissima were identified and 19 compounds were indentified in Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. latilobum. Volatile aromatic constituents, 23 compounds in Artemisia iwayomogi and Artemisia capillaris were identified. Major volatile aromatic consitiuents analyzed by GC/MS in four plants were $\alpha$-pinene, camphene, sabinene, cis-2-hexanol, and camphor etc. Content of essential oils in Angelica tenuissima, Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. latilobum, Artemisia iwayomogi and Artemisia capillaris were 0.014, 0.275, 0.785, and 0.452%, respectively. As a result, it was suggested that a medicinal plant, Artemisia iwayomogi, was worthy of using as a useful material of perfume.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1268-1274
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• 1999

Pine twigs with buds were cut into $2{\sim}3\;mm$ long pieces and about 18g was used for each experiment. Pressure and temperature ranges employed were $100{\sim}300\;bar$ and $35{\sim}55^{\circ}C$, respectively. Volatile compounds of extracts were isolated and identified by gas chromatography and mass selective detector. Twenty three compounds from the extracts were identified. Limonene and ${\beta}-pinene$ were found to be the major components with $32.6{\sim}43.4%$ being limonene. Extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction were lower in monoterpene and higher in oxygenated terpenoids than those by steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDE). Sensory evaluation showed that the pine flavor extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide was much better in quality than that of SDE. In conclusion, it was found out that supercritical fluid extraction can successfully be applied to extract high quality flavor from pine.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.310-316
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• 2020

Terpene-modified phenolic resins were used to improve the tires wet traction related to the driving safety and also rolling resistance related to fuel efficiency. In this work, alpha-pinene, beta pinene, and delta limonene resins, which constitute different basic structures of terpene-modified phenolic resins, were individually added to the tread compounds of tires and their physical properties were compared with those of the alkyl phenol resin compounds. Alkyl phenolic resins showed no significant difference in tangent delta from terpene-modified phenolic resins at 0 ℃, which is related to wet traction, but showed higher tangent delta at 80 ℃, which is related to rolling resistance, indicating smaller fuel efficiency improvement effects. Among the terpene-modified phenolic resins, beta pinene one showed improved wet traction and fuel efficiency compared to those of other resins. Delta limonene resin showed the best wet traction improvement effect, and alkyl phenolic resins showed relatively high tensile strength and abrasion property. All terpene-modified resins exhibited better rolling resistance than those of alkyl phenolic ones so that they can be said to have better fuel efficiency improvement effects and also to improve other properties compared to those of blanks. Terpene-modified phenolic resins could be used when mixing tire compounds referring to the properties of the phenolic resins revealed in this work, which could result in preparing compounds with improved wet traction and rolling resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1987

The Pungent principles and Essential oil compositions of Zanthoxylum piperitum $D_E$ $C_{ANDOLIE}$(peel, barb) were analysed by HPLC and GC, respectively. Total Pungent principle contents of peels were about as 12 times as those of barks. The Sanshool I, Sanshool IV, Sanshool III and Sanshoo V were the major Pungent principles in the peels and barks. Besides, several Unknown Pungent principles were discovered in the peels and barks, too. Total Essential oil contents of peels were higher than those of barks at the ratio of 1.8 % to 0.5%. The Cineol+Limonene(37.7%) were the main Essential oil compositions in the peels, while ${\alpha}-Terpineol(16.5%)$ and Pinene(15.5%) were the major portion in the barks. The Essential oil of peels and barks were composed Pinen, Myrcene, Cineol+Limonene, Linalool, Isopulegol, Terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}-Terpineol$ and Piperitone. Besides, seven Unknown compositions were discovered, too.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

This study investigated the emissions characteristics of air freshener using small emission chamber method. The emission of VOCs from air freshener were determined in the small chambers in the temperature (25, $30({\pm}1)^{\circ}C$), relative humidity ($50{\pm}5%$), ventilation rate (0.3, 0.5, ($0.8({\pm}0.005)/hr$), and sample loading factor ($1.4{\sim}551.0g/m^2$) in this study. The emission tests from air freshener for sample loading factor resulted in TVOC emission rates of $0.7{\sim}64.4mg/m^2{\cdot}h$ after 5 hours. For most target VOCs such as limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and linalool, higher temperature and ventilation rate levels exhibited increased emission rates.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in volatile constituents concerning with the flavor of the green ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) during storage in underground pit ($15^{\circ}C$, RH 95%). And the constituents of essential oil of etiolated shoots formed on the mother rhizomes during the five months storage in the dark under same conditions were compared with those of mother rhizomes. The essential oils of Korean domestic ginger (Bong-dong cultivar) were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction method (SDE). Then the compositions of the essential oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS spectrometry. The major compounds of essential oil from the fresh rhizomes were zingiberene, $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, camphene, geranial, ${\gamma}-bisabolene$, ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate, ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-gurjunene$, limonene and neral. The content of monoterpene hydrocarbons increased with a concomitant lowering in the amounts of sesquiterpene hrdrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes during storage of rhizomes although contents of the oxygenated monoterpens changed little or slightly during the storage. During the storage the content of such monoterpenes as camphene, ${\beta}-phellandrene$ and citral (neral and geranial) increased whereas the content of such sesquiterpenes as zingiberene and $citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ decreased. The composition of shoot oil differed from that of mother rhizome oil in having higher content of terpene hydrocarbons and also in the higher content of bornyl acetate, ${\beta}-gurjunene$ and ar-curcumene+geranyl acetate and lower in citral (neral and geranial).