• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2000

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants have been reported to contain water-soluble substances that are autotoxic as well as allelopathic. Laboratory experiment through a petri-dish assay with imbibed seeds was conducted to evaluate both autotoxic and allelopathic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts on the germination and early seedling growth of alfalfa, red clover, crested wheatgrass, and Russian wildrye. Alfalfa seed germination was delayed dependent on extract concentration, with no difference in final germination at 72 hours. Root growth of alfalfa was stimulated up to 14% above control at very low concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts of alfalfa and was significantly reduced at extract concentration of more than 0.5g dry tissue/L (${gL}_{-1}$). Leaf extracts were generally more autotoxic for root growth than were stem extracts. Hypocotyl growth was not affected by all the concentrations of both leaf and stem extracts. Root length of legumes was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemicals from leaf extracts than was germination or shoot length. Hypocotyl growth of two legume plants and plant height of two grasses were not influenced by extracts. Seed germination and root growth of legumes were more inhibited by aqueous extracts of alfalfa leaf than were those of grasses. This result indicates autotoxic effect of alfalfa leaf extracts seems to be greater than allelopathic effect.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제20권
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

1. 꽃무릇으로부터 용매를 다르게 하여 잎과 인경의 MeOH와 수용추출물을 bioassay 한 결과, 농도가 5% 및 10%로 증가하였을 때는 전혀 발아되지 않았으며, 1%에서는 근장이 크게 억제되었다. 용매간의 추출효과에는 차이가 없었으나, 상추의 생장에서는 인경추출액이 잎추출액보다 억제효과가 다소 높은 것으로 보였다. 2. 꽃무릇의 인경을 추출하여 UV를 조사하였을 때 Rf 0.49-0.52에서 보인 spot는 GC-MS에 의해 lycoris alkaloid계통의 lycorenan으로 동정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 1997

알팔파 종자와 재배지 토양의 추출물이 알팔파 및 무우의 발아 및 생육에 미치는 영향과 이들 물질을 구명코자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 알팔파 종자 추출물의 무우생육에는 Luna, Sparta, Magnum, Husky, Milkmaker, Challenger, Anchor의 7개 품종에서 60∼80％ 생육억제 효과를 보였다. 2) 알팔파 재배지 토양잔류추출물을 이용한 무우생육조사는 추출물의 농도가 증가하면서 발아억제 및 줄기, 뿌리 등의 생장억제에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 알팔파 재배토양으로 알팔파와 무우 생육실험시에는 80％의 발아억제를 보이면서 줄기와 뿌리의 길이 및 생체중에서도 큰 차이를 보여 allelopathy와 autotoxicity가 관여하는 것으로 사료된다. 4) 위 실험을 통해 관여하는 물질의 활성을 분석하기 위해 조사한 결과 표준 phenol compounds와 식물부위별 추출물을 비교 분석하였더니 salicylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-cou-maric acid, ferulic acid 등의 7가지 acids를 분리동정 할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1988

A number of laboratory and field experiments have performed with aqueous extracts from fresh leaves, fallen leaves and roots of Pinus rigida in order to investigae the effetct of the pine tree. The results obtained found its inhibitive effect on the germination and growth of tested species. Though relative germination ratio of the species was somewhat lower than the control plot, severe inhibition was observed in relative dry weight ration, These results were more obvious in aqueous extracts than in the case of leachates and similar results were also confirmed by field bioassays on the forest soil of P. rigida. Therefore, to find out the inhibitory sybstancesm 14 different kinds of KDICical substances were isolatd from the leaved of the tree by chromato-graphy and nist if them were confirmed to be phenoic compounds, The growth of lettuce was inhibition was observed in the concentration of less than 5X10-3M soluton. Phenolic compounds are assumed the substance related to the allelopathic effect of P. rigida.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.334-344
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• 1997

라일락 잎에 함유되어 있는 생리활성물질(生理活性物質)을 검정(檢定)코저 수행한 본 실험(實驗)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 침적과 Leaching법으로 추출(抽出)한 라일락 잎 수용 추출물의 식물 생육 억제효과를 검정해 본 결과, 바랭이와 상추의 발아율에 영향을 주었으며, 초장보다 뿌리에 더 큰 억제현상을 보여 1차적인 생리활성효과를 검정할 수 있었다. 2. 라일락 잎의 페놀, 그리고 폴리페놀성 성분을 분석한 결과, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, pyrogallol 및 catechol의 높은 비율이 동정되었고, 폴리페놀성 물질로는 rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol 및 scopoletin 등이 각각 검정되었다. 3. 표준페놀물질인 pyrogallol과 catechol은 공시식물의 생육에 통계적으로 유의한 억제효과를 보였고, 특히 수용성인 pyrogallol $10^{-6}M$과 catechol의 혼합처리에서 억제효과가 크게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 1991

A number of laboratory experimentes have performed to elucidate water-soluble of volatile substances from wormwood plant(artemisia princeps var. orientalis) as growth inhibitor or phytotoxicant. in germination tests with aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and roots of the wormwood plants, most tested species showed that relative germination ratio was inversely proportional to comcentration of the extracats. and seedling elongation and dry weight of the species were heavily inhibited with the extracts, incubated leaves, volatile substances of the leaves and soil underneath wormwood plants. gas Chromatography was employed to find out possible phytotoxic substances or growth inhibitors of wormwood leaves. ten substantes have isolated, and most of them were identified as terpenoids.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2005년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

To investigate phytotoxic substances in some donor plants and their biological activities, seed germination and seedling growth of receptor plants were examined at different concentrations of aqueous extracts and essential oils of the donor plants. Germination of some receptor species was inhibited by the extracts, while seedling growth was decreased to a lesser degree than in the germination test. Germination, seedling growth and dry weight growth of Achyranthes japonica grown in pot were proportionally inhibited by the extracts. Volatile substances emitted some donor plants caused inhibitory effects in the germination and seedling growth of the receptor species. Essential oil of the plants extracted by Karlsruker's apparatus Inhibited growth of microorganisms, callus growth and root hair development of receptor plants. The cortical cells at the root tips of Latuca sativa treated with essential oils showed contraction of the cytoplasm, resulting in plasma membranes becoming detached from the cell walls and the cells metamorphosing irregularity. Accumulation of lipid granules Inside contracted cytoplasm and degeneration of mitochondrial cristae were also observed. The GC/MS method was employed for analysis and identification of allelochemicals from donor plants. Sixty-one chemical substances such as camphene, cineole etc. were identified from essential oils of Artemisia argyi.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 1987

여뀌 및 마디풀로부터 얻어진 수용(水溶) 및 알코올 추출액(抽出液)으로 종자(種子)의 생리활성검정(生理活性檢定)과 페놀물질(物質)의 분리(分離) 동정(同定) 및 생리활성검정(生理活性檢定), 지방산(脂肪酸) 및 유기산(有機酸), 총(總) alkaloid, Pet. ether 추출물(抽出物) 검정(檢定), 그리고 표준(標準)페놀 물질(物質)이 상치 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 및 생장(生長)에 마치는 영향(影響) 조사(調査)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 여뀌 및 마디풀의 수용(水溶) 및 알코올 추출액(抽出液)은 상치외(外) 5종(種)의 식물종자발아(植物種子發芽)를 억제(抑制)시켜 생리활성(生理活性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 페놀물질(物質)을 fraction 별(別)로 동정(同定)했을때 여뀌의 free fraction에서 10종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, tannic + gallic이 21.5%. sinapic 산(酸)이 20.9%로 가장 많았으며, soluble fraction에서는 9종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, tannic + gallic 산(酸)이 45.5%로 높았고, insoluble-bound fraction에서는 9종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, p-coumaric 산(酸)이 가장 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 마디풀의 free fraction에서 16종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, salicylic + vanillic이 14.6%. tannic + gallic이 14.6%, sinapic 산(酸)이 12.4%로 많았으며, soluble fraction에서 7종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, 그 중(中) salicylic + vanillic 산(酸)이 45.8%로 가장 많았으며, insoluble-bound fraction에서는 15종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, p-coumaric산(酸)이 41.1%로써 가장 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. Non-fraction에서는 여뀌에서 12종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, sinapic 산(酸)이 18.4%로 가장 많았고, 마디풀에서는 9종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, ferulic산(酸)이 47.9%로 가장 많았다. Fraction 별(別) 페놀물질(物質)의 농도(濃度)가 100에서 1.000 ppm으로 증가(增加)할수록 상치의 발아(發芽)가 크게 억제(抑制)되었고 두 식물(植物) 공(共)히 insoluble-bound fraction에서 억제율(抑制率)이 높았다. 3. 여뀌의 추출물(抽出物)에서는 지방산(脂肪酸)이 5종(種), 유기산(有機酸) 3종(種)이 동정(同定)되었는데, 지방산(脂肪酸) 가운데는 linolenic 산(酸)이 2.38mg/g으로 가장 많고, 유기산(有機酸)은 oxalic 산(酸)이 20.588mg/g으로 가장 많았다. 마디풀의 추출물(抽出物)에는 지방산(脂肪酸)이 6종(種), 유기산(有機酸)이 3종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고, 지방산(脂肪酸)은 linolenic 산(酸)이 3.70mg/g과 유기산(有機酸)은 oxalic 산(酸)이 14.288mg/g으로 많아서 두 식물종간함량(植物種間含量)에는 다소(多小) 차이(差異)가 있었다. 총(總) alkaloid 함량(含量)은 여뀌에서 0.20%, 마디풀에서 0.22%로 유사(類似)하였다. Pet. ether 추출물(抽出物)은 여뀌에서 2.42%. 마디풀에서 1.65%로 차이(差異)가 있었다. 4. 표준(標準) 페놀물질(物質)인 ferulic, protocatechuic 산(酸) $10^{-3}$ M에서 상치의 발아(發芽)가 전혀 되지 않았고, salicylic과 gallic 산(酸)은 전농도(全濃度)($10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-3}M$)에서 상치종자(種子)의 발아(發芽) 및 생장(生長)을 억제(抑制)시켰고, 이들 물질(物質)은 마디풀과 여뀌내(內)에 많이 함유(含有)되어 있는 물질(物質)이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1987

To verify allelopathic effect of tomato plants a number of labovatory experiments, seed germination and seedling growth with aqueous extracts and leachates form the tomato plants, have performed. Germination percentage of the tested species was decreased by treatment with leaf, stem and root extracts as extracting time elapses. The leaf extract more inhibits the germination of the seeds than both stem and root extracts. Leachate collected from the tomato plants decreases as much as 50% of the growths in elongation as well as dry weight of seedlings of lettuce and egg plant. It is observed that with a paired-plants grown in U tube pot the tomato roots have excreted allelochemicals to inhibit the growth of the tested species and volatile substances from the tomato plants have suppressed to dry weights of lettuce, to elongation and dry weights of grapevine planted near the tomato plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 1997

Phenolic compounds from 7 species of naturalized invader species and Korean wild plants were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Eleven phenolic compounds including benzoic acid were identified. The extract of naturalized plants was significantly more inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth of the both naturalized and Korean wild plants. The content of total phenolic compounds in each extract were 43.5 mg/l in Ailanthus altissima as the maximum amount and 25.5 mg/l in Phytolacca americana as the minimum. Phytotoxic substances of ethanol extracts was investigated for antifungal activity against 23 selected fungus species. The antifungal activity of Phytolacca americana showed the greatest clear zone of 23 mm in Aspergillus awamori and its activity had an effect against 6 fungus species. Ailanthus altissima formed the greatest clear zone of 26 mm in Erwinia carotovora sub. sp. carotovora and had an effect agsinst 2 fungus species.