• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.1375-1380
• /
• 2012

We previously isolated a rhizobacterium (Bacillus subtilis IJ-31) and demonstrated that its associated allelochemicals could indicate plant growth retardation. However, little is known about how the growth of plants is regulated by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals. In this study, we investigated whether plant growth retardation in this relationship occurred through the inhibition of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase activity was found to be inhibited by B. subtilis IJ-31 and hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), which is one of the allelochemicals produced by B. subtilis IJ-31. Additionally, thin layer chromatography (TLC) demonstrated that B. subtilis IJ-31 culture broth and HCA both inhibit GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase (MBP-GA4) activity. The retardation of plants by HCA was then confirmed in vivo and in vitro using a Ryegrass and Arabidopsis growth retardation assay. Furthermore, treatment with either B. subtilis IJ-31 culture extract or its allelochemicals resulted in significant down-regulation of XTR9 gene expression in Arabidopsis. Overall, we identified the functional mechanism of plant growth retardation by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2001

Allelopathic effects of the cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) on several crops and soil miro-organisms were assessed using germination bioassay and antimicrobial assay, and allelochemicals were identified. In a germination bioassay, extract of cork tree inhibited at high concentration on germination of several crop seeds such as cabbage, lettuce, and cucumber. However, aqueous extracts inhibited powerfully growth of test organisms such as Streptococus aureus, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli as bacteria, and Candida albicans as yeast, and Botrytis cineria and Alternata alternaria as fungi.. The cork tree extract showed strong antimicrobial activities against isolated soil fungi. The allelochemicals were separated using Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and HPLC. The substances were analyzed by UV spectrometry and EI-mass spectrometry. The active allelochemicals were identified as isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and palmatine.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.737-752
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of Ganghwa domestic mugwort (Artemisia spp.) on vegetables and its related allelo-chemicals. When the receptor vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and red radish, were treated with aqueous extract obtained from Sajabalssuk (A. $sp^*I$), Ssajuarissuk (A. $sp^*II$) or Ssajarissuk (A. $sp^*III$), their germination rate, leaf number, plant height, and root length were restricted with increasing concentration of aqueous extract. Allelopathic effect was the highest in radish, than lettuce and Chinese cabbage in order. The growth of topplant were more inhibited then root growth observing in restriction of plant height, root length, and chlorophyll contents. The plant height, the root length of red radish were 53.3 and 61.2% and their fresh weights were 19.8 and 26.4% compared to those of controls, respectively. A. $sp^*III$ showed the highest allelopathic effect among the donor plants. In HPLC analysis, 7 phenol compounds were identified in A. $sp^*I$ and A. $sp^*II$, and, in A. $sp^*III$, and hydroxybenzoic acid and phenylacetic acid were further identified as allelochemicals. It is considered that their plant growths were variously inhibited by the amounts and types of allelochemicals in aqueous extracts. To increase the productivity of farm land after cultivation of mugwort, these results can be useful to select the following field crops.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 1994

본 연구는 들깨와 쑥 잎의 휘발성 타감작용을 확인하고, 그 성분을 동정하려 한 것이다. 휘발성분을 벼, 무우, 녹두, 상치를 대상으로 생물검정하여 휘발성 타감작용을 확인했다. 휘발성분을 headspace cold trapping-Tenax GC 흡착으로 분리하여 들깻잎으로부터 terpenoid 4종, aldehyde 3종, alcohol 3종, 탄화수소류 3종, 기타 성분 1종을 동정하였으며, 쑥으로부터는 terpenoid 9종, aldehyde 3종, alcohol 1종, 기타 성분 1종을 검출하였다. 한편, 수증기 증류-추출로 포집한 경우에는, 들깻잎으로부터 terpenoid 2종, alcohol 2종의 동정되었으며, 쑥 잎으로부터는 terpenoid 6종, alcohol 1종, 탄화수소류 1종, 기타 성분 2종이 검출되었다. 수증기 증류-추출로부터 나누어진 각 분획을 무우를 대상으로 생물검정한 결과 중성 분획이 가장 타감작용 활성이 컸다. 휘발성 타감작용 성분을 분리하기 위해 이를 GC-MS로 분석한 결과, 들깨로부터 terpenoid 7종과 alcohol 2종 등 9종을 동정하였고, 쑥으로부터 terpenoid 15종과 alcohol 3종, aldehyde 1종, 탄화수소류 2종, 기타 성분 3종 등 24종을 동정하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.309-316
• /
• 2001

Helianthus tuberosus has been known to inhibit the growth of weeds and other plants sharing its habitat. This study was conducted to identify the allelochemicals of Helianthus tuberosus which were extracted with water and solvents. Aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, root, tuber and tuber peel of Helianthus tuberosus except tuber did not show significant differences in phytotoxicity to alfalfa seedlings. It was considered that Helianthus tuberosus contained fewer or less potential water-soluble substances that were toxic to alfalfa. Methanol extract of leaves of Helianthus tuberosus was sequentially partitioned in increasing polarity with n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Each extract had a yield of 148, 12, 15.7 and 9.5g, respectively. Inhibitory effects on germination of alfalfa seeds treated with four fractions were not significantly different. But the significant reductions on hypocotyl length were observed for all the solvent extracts. Among the four fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most significant inhibition effect on bioassay with alfalfa. Further separation of the active ethylacetate fraction by open column chromatography led to the 25 subfractions. In bioassay of each sub-fraction with alfalfa seeds, sub-fraction No. 13 showed the most inhibitory effect on seedling growth. $^1$H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sub-fraction No. 13 was the mixture of straight-chain saturated fatty acids.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2016

많은 생물체들은 다른 생물체들의 성장, 생존, 재생에 영향을 미치는 allelochemical 물질들을 생성함으로서 자신들의 영역을 유지 확장할 수 있다. 천연 생물촉진활성을 가진 allelochemicals을 찿기 위하여 18종의 흔한 해조류를 대상으로 실험실에서 편리하게 배양가능한 둥근돌김의 중성포자들로부터 가근 및 유엽의 형성 촉진효과를 탐색하였다. 그중 가장 활성이 높은 녹조류 청각의 추출물은 약 100 및 50 μg/ml 농도에서 최대 및 반 정도의 중성포자로부터 가근 형성 촉진효과를 나타내었다. 또한 청각 추출물은 중성포자 배양 초기에 가근형성, 가근갯수, 가근길이, 유엽형성, 유엽길이 등의 성장을 촉진시켰다. 이 같은 다른 해조류의 성장을 촉진시키는 allelochemicals 들은 천연 해조류 촉진제의 개발 및 유용 해조류 종들의 유지관리 등에도 활용될 가능성을 지닌다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 1998

Well grown trees of ficus bengalensis produce one or more potential inhibitors of seed germination and seedling growth. The aqueous extract of ficus leaf and bark enhanced the shoot length aqueous leaf extract of F. bengalensis. Bark extract of F. bengalensis inhibited the shoot length and root length of the plant at high concentration. Both the bark and leaf extract inhibited the seed germination. The postemergence and preemergence treatment of bark and leaf extract of F. bengalensis reduced the shoot biomass. The result suggest that F. bengalensis may have potential allelochemicals which may be developed as natural herbicides.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.264-268
• /
• 1997

식물이 토양미생물 유래 유기화합물의 선택적인 흡수에 주목하여 근권주위의 토양시료로부터 방선균을 중심으로 분리하였다. 방선균 K9301주 배양액에 식물유묘를 24시간 처리후하였다. 처리후의 배양액중의 하나의 대사산물이 소식됨을 알수 있었다. 이 대사산물은 벼뿐만 아니라 밀에서도 선택적으로 흡수되었다. TLC상의 Rf0.6의 대사산물 spot를 분리하였으며 2-aminobenzamide로 동정되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.805-808
• /
• 1998

The methanolic crude leaf extract of Acacia melanoxylon shows inhibitory effects on seed germination, shoot growth, root growth and biomass of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L. Co 1) and weeds (Cassia occidentalis L. and Cyperus rotundus L.). The post emergence treatment was given on the 8th day after sowing and 4-6 days after seedling emergence. After postemergence treatment with 20% extract concentration, wilting symptoms appeared in P. mungo and C. occidentalis while necrosis occurred in C. rotundus. The seedling growth was inhibitory at all concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%) as compared to control plants. This inhibitory effect may be due to the presence of allelochemicals like phenolics in the A. melanoxylon leaves. Different types of phenolic acids were identified.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1998년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.165.1-165
• /
• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text