• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2003

Zingiberis Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Rhizoma were processed according to chinese pharmacopoeia and literatures. The content of 6-gingerol in processed Zingiberis Rhizoma was significantly increased than that of unprocessed one. The content of allantoin in unprocessed Dioscoreae rhizoma through HPLC was $0.32{\pm}0.06%$ and after processing was not significantly decreased to $0.23{\pm}0.12%$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.261.2-261.2
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• 2007

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2008

Objectives: To investigate the quantitative determination of marker constituents of Dioscoreae Rhizoma by the packaging methods Methods: HPLC for the determinations of allatoin in the Dioscoreae Rhizoma. the separation method was performed on an Luna $NH_2$ column($250mm{\times}4.6mm,\;5{\mu}m$, Phenomenes) using solvent water-acetonitrile(2:8, v/v%) with photo diode array detector(210nm). The flow rate was 2.0 mL/min. Results: Retention time of allatoin in HPLC chromatogram was about 4.8 min and calibration curve showed good linearity($R^2$=0.9994) at concentrations from 50.0 to 1000.0 ${\mu}g/mL$ of allantoin. Average content of allantoin by packaging methods was $0.16{\sim}0.40%$. In addition. weight loss rate(%) of Dioscoreae Rhizoma according to the packaging methods was $-0.60{\sim}1.80%$. Conclusions: The variation on content of the marker constituent of Dioscoreae Rhizoma by the packaging methods didn't show difference.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to evaluate condensed molasses solubles(CMS, a by-product from monosodium glutamate production) as a source of nitrogen for ruminant with particular reference to its effects on microbial protein synthesis. Four non-lactating dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a 4 ${\times}$ 4 Latin square with 14-day periods. The four treatments were (1) basal diet consisting of barley straw ad libitum and 3 kg/d of rolled barley, (2) basal diet plus 200 gld molasses and 300 g/d water, (3) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 100 g/d CMS and 200 g/d water, (4) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 200 g/d CMS and 100 g/d water. Ruminal pH remained at high levels and showed little variation during the day between treatments. The concentration of total and individual VFA in the rumen was similar between treatments. There was no difference in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen between treatments, although the intake of nitrogen in molassesl CMS mixture treatments was higher than that of control and molasses treatment. But there was a suggestion of an increased synthesis of microbial protein with the higher level of inclusion of CMS when the allantoin/creatinine ratio was used as an index of microbial protein production(P <0.10).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.1 s.140
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• pp.34-37
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to cause oxidative modification of DNA, proteins, lipids and small cellular molecules and are associated with tissue damage and are the contributing factors for inflammation, aging, cancer, arteriosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. We screened the anti-oxidants in V79-4 hamster lung fibroblast cells induced by hydrogen peroxide with eighteen pure compounds isolated from natural products. Allantoin, brassicasterol, and hypaconitine were found to strongly scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species, which is measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate method (DCHF-DA), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Physicochemical and sensory properties of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (yam) powder-added yogurts (1, 3, 5, and 7%, w/v) were examined when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 16 d. When the yam concentration increased, the pH increased with 16 d storage. The lactic acid bacteria counts in all yogurt samples showed an increase during storage period, and the highest counts were appeared with 7% yam powder addition. The dramatic decrease was found in viscosity with higher concentrations of yam powder-added yogurt samples. No change was found in allantoin and diosgenin contents for 16 d storage periods. A significantly strong bitterness and astringency and decreased viscosity were found with 5 and 7% yam powder addition. However, less than 3% yam powder-added yogurt samples did not show a significant difference compared with the control (p>0.05) and overall acceptability score was the highest in 3% yam powder-added yogurt throughout the storage. The present study indicated that the concentrations (1 and 3%, w/v) of yam powder could be used to produce yam powder-added yogurt without significant adverse effects on physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties, and enhance functional components from the supplementation.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2007

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 1992

Urinary purine derivatives and creatinine excretion was measured in a total of 4 white Alpine sheep. They were given diets 718 to 1060 g/kg dry matter (DM) of roughage. The crude protein content of this diets was on average $93.87{\pm}5.57g$ in kg DM. Purine derivatives-N excretion increased linearly with incremental DM intake and was significantly correlated (n = 16) with amounts of digestible organic matter (DOM) intake: allantoin-N (mg) = 1.205 (${\pm}0.070$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 136.709 (${\pm}37.399$), r = 0.9770, RSD = 22.97; uricacid-N (mg) = 0.131 (${\pm}0.041$) $\times$ DOM (g) + 11.380 (${\pm}21.881$), r = 0.6306, RSD = 13.44; Hypoxanthine-N (mg) = 0.049 (${\pm}0.014$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 28.640 (${\pm}7.708$), r = 0.6544, RSD = 4.73; total purine derivatives-N (mg) = 1.385 (${\pm}0.083$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 90.261 (${\pm}44.552$), r = 0.9706, RSD = 27.47. Microbial protein synthesis per kg DOM was estimated of 113 g. The urinary creatinine-N excretion was on average 9.10 mg/kg live weight (LW) with a standard error of 0.12 mg creatinine-N per kg LW. The excretion of creatinine excreton was not related to feed intake. Daily creatinine excretion (mg/d) was calculated from individual LW measurements and the average creatinine excretion (mg/kg LW). It was possible to predict the daily urinary purine derivatives excretion (r = 0.9720 for allantoin, r = 0.9886 for total purine derivatives) from the ratio of purine derivatives (mg/100 ml) and creatinine (mg/100 ml) in the urine and the daily creatinine excretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290${\pm}$2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pods (RTP) and 20 g premix (RTPP), ii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried leucaena leaves and 20 g premix (LLRT), iii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried cassia leaves and 20 g premix (CLRT) and iv) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried mulberry leaves and 20 g premix (MLRT). The apparent dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT supplement than in those fed the other supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT and MLRT supplements than in those fed the other supplements. The N-balance of cattle fed LLRT and CLRT supplements was higher (p<0.05) than in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of N was highest (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement, compared to the other supplements. Allantoin and PD excretion in the urine, and the ratios of allantoin/DOMI and PD/DOMI were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT than for those fed LLRT and CLRT supplements. Plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate (${\beta}$-HBA) and insulin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement than in those fed the other supplements. The study demonstrated the value of using local multipurpose trees (MPTs) to improve Brahman cattle feeding systems in the tropics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.773-779
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• 2010

The present study was designed to determine the physicochemical properties of yam (Dioscorea) solution fermented by L. bulgaricus, the protective effect of fermented Dioscorea opposita Thunb. on stomach lesions, and the possibility of its application to fermented dairy products. When the concentration of yam increased, the pH increased in raw powder samples but not in extracted powder samples. In 6% raw powder containing the sample, the viable cell counts showed a dramatic increase, whereas those in extracted yam powder significantly decreased in all concentrations during 32 h of fermentation. The viscosity of extracted yam powder showed a lower value than that of raw powder, which was maintained throughout the fermentation. The solution of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. raw powder showed a significantly higher allantoin content compared with the extracted powder (p<0.05). At 2% of added Dioscorea opposita Thunb., 0.65 mg/mL was contained in both samples; however, when 6% of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. was added, the amount of diosgenin increased up to 1.9 mg/mL. When 200 mg of powder/kg body wt. was injected, gastric lesions were apparently reduced compared with those of control rats. With 100 mg/kg body wt. injected into rats, the protective effect was a little lower than that in 200 mg/kg body wt. Based on these data, the present study indicated that yam powder fermented by L. bulgaricus showed a protective effect on gastric lesions in rats; therefore, it may be included as an added ingredient in yogurt manufacture.