• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 1999

배경: 비소세포폐암의 치료에서 외과적 치료는 가장 효과적인 치료법으로 알려져있으나 IIIA 병기 폐암의 경우에는 논란이 많다. 저자들은 IIIA 병기 비소세포폐암에서 외과적 치료의 역할을 알아보고자 수술 후 생존률과 예후인자를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년부터 1996년까지 연세의료원에서 폐암 환자 중 수술 후 병리 소견상 IIIA기 원발성 폐암으로 진단된 158명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 성별은 남자가 130명, 여자가 28명이었고 평균 나이는 58.3세이었다. 수술은 1예를 제외한 전 예에서 폐엽절제술 이상의 폐절제술을 시행하였으며 종격동림프절의 광범위 완전 박리술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 145명(94.8%)의 환자에서 수술 후 보조 요법을 시행하였다. 대상 환자(153명) 추적은 100%에서 가능하였으며 평균 추적 기간은 21.4개월이었다. 결과:수술 후 합병증은 총 25명(15.8%)의 환자에서 29예가 발생하였다. 5명(3.2%)의 수술사망이 있었으며 급성호흡부전증후군이 가장 많았다. 재발은 총 84명(54.9%)의 환자에서 발생하였다. 전체 158명의 환자 중에서 5명의 수술사망환자를 제외한 153명 환자의 5년-생존률은 29.6%이었으며 중간생존기간은 18.0개월이었다. N2 림프절 전이군의 5년 생존률은 26.6%, 비N2 림프절 전이군의 생존률은 36.8%로 비N2 림프절 전이군의 생존률이 높았고(p=0.35), 병리조직유형별 생존률은 편평상피세포암과 선암의 5년-생존률이 각각 38.1%, 25.7%로 편평상피세포암이 높았으나(p=0.39) 유의한 차이는 없었다. 수술 후 보조 치료에 따른 생존률은 약물치료와 방사선치료를 병행한 복합치료 환자(84명)와 방사선치료만 시행한 환자(37명), 그리고 약물치료만 시행한 환자(24명)의 5년-생존률이 각각 31.3%, 32.4%, 14.6%로서 복합치료군의 치료 성적이 가장 양호하였으며, 각 집단간의 비교에서는 방사선치료군과 복합치료군과의 생존률은 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=0.31), 약물치료군에 비하여는 복합치료군이 유의하게 생존률이 높았다(p=0.005). 수술 후 병리 결과상 완전 절제 該별\ulcorner불완전 절제술군의 5년-생존률은 각각 31.9%, 16.6%로 완전 절제술시 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.19). 결론:제 IIIA 병기 비소세포폐암으로 외과적 절제 수술을 시행한 환자 157명의 수술 후 5년-생존률은 29.6%로서 양호하였으며는 범위한 종격동림프절 박리를 원칙으로 한 적극적인 외과 치료를 시행함으로써 생존률을 향상시킨 결과라고 생각되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2007

Twenty-nine isolates of Fusarium solani, originally isolated from diseased cotton roots in Egypt, were evaluated for their ability to cause symptoms on four genetically diverse cotton cultivars. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variance among cultivars, and isolates as well as the isolate x genotype interactions were highly significant(p < 0.0001). Although most isolates showed intermediate pathogenicity, there were two groups of isolates that showed significant differences in pathogenicity on all four cultivars. None of the cultivars were found to be immune to any of the isolates. On all cultivars, there were strong significant positive correlations between dry weight and each of preemergence damping-off, survival, and plant height. Considering 75% similarity in virulence, two groups comprising a total of 29 isolates were recognized. Ninety-three percent of the isolates have the same pathogenicity patterns with consistently low pathogenicity, and narrow diversity of virulence. Isolates Fs4 and Fs5 shared the same distinct overall virulence spectrum with consistently high pathogenicity. There was no clear-cut relationship between virulence of the isolates based on reaction pattern on 4 cultivars and each of host genotype, previous crop, and geographic origin.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2018

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) can be applied in brain-dead donors for organ perfusion before donation, thereby expanding the donor pool. The aim of this study was to examine the benefits and early clinical outcomes of ECLS for organ preservation. Methods: Between June 2012 and April 2017, 9 patients received ECLS with therapeutic intent or for organ preservation. The following data were collected: demographics, purpose and duration of ECLS, cause of death, dose of vasoactive drugs, and need for temporary dialysis before organ retrieval. The early clinical outcomes of recipients were studied, as well as survival and graft function at 1 month. Results: ECLS was initiated for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 5 patients. The other patients needed ECLS due to hemodynamic deterioration during the assessment of brain death. We successfully retrieved 18 kidneys, 7 livers, and 1 heart from 9 donors. All organs were transplanted and none were discarded. Only 1 case of delayed kidney graft function was noted, and all 26 recipients were discharged without any significant complications. Conclusion: The benefits of protecting the vital organs of donors is significant, and ECLS for organ preservation can be widely used in the transplantation field.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Background: Potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH) contribute to an increased post-discharge mortality. Methods: To investigate the between-hospital variation and the relationship between all predictors and mortality after discharge among older adults with PAH, we studied 15,186 older patients with PAH in 2,200 hospitals included in the National Health Insurance Service-Senior claims database from 2002 to 2013. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the variance at between-hospital for mortality after accounting for differences in patient characteristics. Results: The between-hospital variation in mortality that could be attributed to hospital practice variations were 37.6% at 1-week to 13.9% at 12-month post-discharge, after adjustment for individual patient characteristics and hospital-level factors. Hospital-level factors significantly explained mortality at 3 weeks after discharge. Clinics, compared with general hospitals, demonstrated a 2.75 times higher likelihood of deaths at 3-week post-discharge (p<0.001). Compared with private hospitals, public hospitals exhibited 1.61 times higher odds of 3-week mortality (p=0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates considerable between-hospital variations in PAH-related mortality that could be attributed to hospital practices. Monitoring of hospitals to identify practice variations would be warranted to improve the survival of older patients with PAH.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.211-226
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• 1988

방사선 단독 치료나 수술후 방사선 치료를 받았던 165명의 식도암 환자 중에서 평균 생존율은 6.6개원이였으며 3,5년 생존율은 $10\%,\;8\%$였다. 생존율을 semilogarithmical하게 나타낸 biphasic plotting에서 보면 non-responder group은 치료에도 불구하고 1년내 모두 사망하였고 responder group중에서는 수술후 방사선 치료를 받았던 환자 20명 $(54\%)$은 1, 2, 3년 생존율이 각각$80\%,\;70\%,\; 60%$였으며, 방사션 치료만 받은 환자 61명$(48\%)$의 생존율은 각각 $62\%,\;38\%,\;23\%$였다. 즉, 3년간의 생존율의 비교는 수술후 방사선 치료가 방사선 단독치료 보다는 좋았다 (P<0.01). 가장 많은 사망의 원인으로는 연하곤란$(55\%)$이였으며 환자의 대다수는 국소적인 치료실패에 의해 사망하였으며 $(62\%)$ 협착의 $88\%$는 지속적인 암의 존재와 관련이 있었다. 환자의 $50\%$는 국소적인 임파절 전이가 발견되었다. 수술전의 진단 실패율은 $54\%$가 국소임파절 전이 때문에, $29.7\%$가 육안적인 임파절 전이 때문에, $13.5\%$가 혈행성 전이 때문에 그리고 $14\%$가 국소적인 직접 침범 때문이였다. Conventional radiation (6000 cGy/30 fraction in 6 weeks)이나 hyperfractionation radiation (upto 6900cGy, l15cGy/fraction)이거나 관계없이 gross disease는 충분히 즉일수 없었다. 그러나 hyperfractionation 테크닉에 의해서 급성 방사선 염증이 감소되어서 환자의 고통을 덜어줄 수 있었으며 그 후의 만성 부작용으로서의 방사선 합병증이 현저히 감소되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2012

Background: The experience of a single-institution regarding surgery for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was reviewed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and prognoses. Materials and Methods: From July 1990 to December 2009, thirty-four patients (28 male) underwent major pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for SCLC. Lobectomy was performed in 24 patients, pneumonectomy in eight, bilobectomy in one, and segmentectomy in one. Surgical complications, mortality, the disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and the overall survival rate were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 26 months (range, 4 to 241 months), and there was one surgical mortality (2.9%). Six patients (17.6%) experienced recurrence, all of which were systemic. Eight patients died during follow-up; four died of disease progression and the other four died of pneumonia or of another non-cancerous cause. The three-year DFS rate was $79.2{\pm}2.6%$ and the overall survival rate was $66.4{\pm}10.5%$. Recurrence or death was significantly prevalent in the patients with lymph node metastasis (p=0.001) as well as in those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.008). The three-year survival rate was significantly greater in the patients with pathologic stage I/II cancer than in those with stage III cancer (84% vs. 13%, p=0.001). Conclusion: Major pulmonary resection for small cell lung cancer is feasible in selected patients. Patients with pathologic stage I or II disease showed an excellent survival rate after surgery and adjuvant treatment. Prospective randomized studies will be needed to define the role of surgery in early-stage small cell lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6705-6709
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• 2015

Background: Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) constitute a group of diseases including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). They regarded as the second leading cause of death in cancer patients and several studies have confirmed that VTEs have a negative impact on survival and recurrent rate in both ovarian and endometrial cancer cases. The incidence of VTEs differs worldwide and depends on several risk factors including race, underlying disease, lifestyle, body weight, BMI and genetic risk factors. There is heterogeneity of DVT rates between Asian and Western countries. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the character and incidence of VTEs in gynecologic oncology patients in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital over a 10 year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed with VTEs defined as objective diagnosis of acute DVT or PE with typical symptoms and signs. Diagnoses were approved byan internist and/or confirmed with imaging studies. Data from both outpatient and inpatient sessions of the affected cases from January 2004 to December 2013 were extracted. General characteristics of the patients were collected with details of the diseases, types of cancer, stage, date of diagnosis of cancer, operative data, treatment outcome, progression free survival and overall survival. Results: Thirty cases of VTEs were identified in a total 2,316 gynecologic oncology cases. The incidence of symptomatic VTEs in total gynecologic oncology patients in our institution is 1.295%. The incidence of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients in our institution was 5.9%. Duration for VTE detection ranged from 13 months before diagnosis of cancer to 33 months after diagnosis of cancer. Most of the VTE cases were detected in ovarian cancer patients (60%). The most common cell type was adenocarcinoma (moderately to poorly differentiated) which accounted for 26.7% of the cases. The second most common cell type was clear cell carcinoma with 23.3% of the cases. Thirty percent of VTE cases developed before cancer was diagnosed, 20% were diagnosed at the same time as cancer detection and fifty percent developed after cancer was diagnosed. Median disease free survival of the gynecologic oncology patients with VTE was 7.5 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 12 months. Median progession free survivals of DVT and PE groups were 11.5 and 5.5 months, respectively. OS of DVT and PE was 12.0 and 11.5 months respectively. Conclusions: The incidence of VTE in Asian countries is believed to be lower than in European or Western countries. From our retrospective review, the incidence of VTEs in all types of gynecologic oncology was 1.295%, much lower than reported in the West. The reason for the lower incidence may genetic differences. Another factor is that VTE in this review was symptomatic, which is less than asymptomatic VTE. More than half of VTEs in this study developed in ovarian cancer patients. The results are compatible with earlier reports that among gynecologic malignancies, the incidence of VTE is highest in ovarian cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4567-4570
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• 2013

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the commonest radiocurable cancer in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the treatment outcomes and late effects of radiotherapy for NPC patients treated in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with NPC referred for treatment to the Oncology unit at UMMC from 2004-2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment outcomes were 5 years overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival (CSS), locoregional control (LRC) and radiotherapy-related late effects. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and differences in survival according to AJCC stage was compared using the log-rank test. Results: A total of 176 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were treated in UMMC during this period. Late presentation was common, with 33.5% presenting with T3-4 disease, 84.7% with N1-3 disease and 75.6% with AJCC stage 3-4 disease. Radical RT was given to 162 patients with 22.7% having RT alone and 69.3% having CCRT. The stipulated OTT was 7 weeks and 72.2% managed to complete their RT within this time period. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 14.8% while adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 16.5%. The 5 years OS was 51.6% with a median follow up of 58 months. The 5 years OS according to stage were 81.8% for stage I, 77.9% for stage II, 47.4% for stage III and 25.9% for stage IV. The 5 years overall CSS, DFS and LRC were 54.4%, 48.4% and 70.6%, respectively. RT related late effects were documented in 80.2%. The commonest was xerostomia (66.7%). Other documented late effects were hearing deficit (17.3%), visual deficit (3.1%), neck stiffness (3.1%), dysphagia (3.4%), cranial nerve palsy (2.5%), pneumonitis (0.6%) and hypothyroidism (1.2%). Conclusions: The 5 years OS and LRC in this study are low compared to the latest studies especially those utilizing IMRT. Implementation of IMRT for NPC treatment should be strongly encouraged.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate treatment outcomes and determine prognostic factors in patients with esophageal cancer treated with esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 2002 and 2012. Initial clinical stages of patients were stage IB in 1 patient (2.6%), stage II in 5 patients (12.9%), and stage III in 33 patients (84.6%). Results: The median age of all the patients was 62 years, and the median follow-up period was 17 months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 33.6% in all the patients. The 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate was 33.7%. In multivariate analysis with covariates of age, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tumor length, clinical response, clinical stage, pathological response, pathological stage, lymphovascular invasion, surgical type, and radiotherapy to surgery interval, only pathological stage was an independent significant prognostic factor affecting both OS and LRFS. The complications in postoperative day 90 were pneumonia in 9 patients, anastomotic site leakage in 3 patients, and anastomotic site stricture in 2 patients. Postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 10.3% (4/39); the cause of death among these 4 patients was respiratory failure in 3 patients and myocardial infarction in one patient. Conclusion: Only pathological stage was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and LRFS in patients with esophageal cancer treated with esophagectomy after NCRT. We could confirm the significant role of NCRT in downstaging the initial tumor bulk and thus resulting in better survival of patients who gained earlier pathological stage after NCRT.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2000

목적 : 조기 비소세포성 폐암의 경우 수술이 최선의 치료법으로 생각 되고있다. 환자가 내과적인 질환으로 수술이 불가능한 경우, 혹은 수술을 거부한 경우 방사선치료가 수술의 대체적 치료로 사용 가능하다. 근치적방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자에서의 치료성적 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인의 분석을 통하여 향후 치료에 도움을 얻고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 1987년 6월부터 1997년 6월 사이에 치료를 시행 받은 조직학적으로 진단된 조기 비소세포성 폐암 환자 32명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술이 불가능했던 이유로는 폐질환이 21명으로 가장 많았다. 대상환자의 중간 연령은 68세였으며, 조직학적으로는 편평상피암이 24명으로 가장 많았다. 임상 병기는 T1, T2, T3가 각각 5명, 25명, 2명이었으며, 진단시의 종양의 크기는 3$\~$5 cm가 13명으로 가장 많았다. 방사선치료는 6 MV또는 10 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여, 종양부위에 54.0$\~$68.8 Gy (중앙값; 61.2 Gy)를 조사하였고 12명의 환자에서는 동시분할조사를 시행하였다. 추적관찰기간은 2개월에서 93개월 (중앙값; 23개월)이었고, 생존기간은 치료개시일을 기준으로 산정하였다. 결과 : 전체생존률은 코년, 5년이 각각 44.6$\%$, 24.5$\%$이었으며, 무병생존률은 38.9$\%$, 28.3$\%$, 중앙생존기간은 23개월이었다. 전체환자 32명중 최종 추적관찰 시 25명이 사망하였으며, 이중 7명이 페암이외의 질환으로 사망하였다. 단변량분석 상 종양의 크기는 전체생존률과 무병생존률에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주는 요인으로 판정되었고 (p=0.0015, p=0.0022), T 병기는 전체생존률에 의미있는 요인으로 판정되었다(p=0.0395). 다변량분석 상 종양의 크기는 무병생존률에 통계적으로 의미있는 요인으로 판정되었으며(p=0.0317), 전체생존률에 영향을 주는 경향을 보였다 (p=0.0649). 종격동의 방사선조사 여부는 생존률에 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론 : 근치적방사선치료는 조기 비소세포성 폐암 환자로 내과적인 질환으로 수술 불가능한 경우나 환자가 수술을 거부한 경우, 특히 T1 또는 3 cm 이하의 종양에서는 수술적치료를 대치할 수 있는 치료법이다. 그러나 종양의 크기가 5 cm를 넘는 경우에는 방사선치료만으로는 장기생존자가 거의 없었으며, 따라서 이러한 환자의 치료에 있어 과분할조사나 기관지내 추가조사, 방사선감작제의 사용, 입체조형방사선치료, 강도변조방사선치료 등의 이용을 고려해야 할 것이다.