• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1990

Alkalophilic bacteria isolated from compost were selected, identified and tested for production of alkaline protease. The bacterium was tentatively assigned to Bacillus sp. based on the morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The optimum pH of growth was 10 Galactose and Sodium glutamate enhanced the production of alkaline protease. The protease was most active at pH 11.0 and $60^{\circ}C$ and stable in the range of pH 5-11 and temp. $30^{\circ}-55^{\circ}C$. The protease was stabilized by the presence of calcium salts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.337-341
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• 1998

The morphological and cultural characteristics of alkalophilic Coryneform bacteria TU-19 were investigated at various pHs. This bacterium showed normal growth pattern at $pH\;9.0{\sim}10.0$, but the cell growth was completely inhibited at extreme pH (12.0 or more). Interestingly, at pH 8.0 the morphology of the bacterial cells seems to form convoluted filaments during the exponential growth phase while at pH 10.0, the optimal pH for the growth of this organism, the bacteria grew with variable paired or single forms, and straight rods during growth stages. Growing in alkaline media $(pH\;9.0{\sim}11.0)$, it adjusted the pH of the culture media to around pH 8.5 by itself.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.534-540
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• 1995

Alkalophilic coryneform bacteria TU-19 isolated from soil extracellularly produced at least three proteases (Protease I, II, and III). Investigating the cultural conditions related to the enzyme production of this bacterial cell, the optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. In order to purify these enzymes from the 2 day culture broth ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography were performed step by step. And then these three proteases were purified to near homogeneity by judging from SDS-PAGE pattern, and had the molecular weights of 120, 80, and 45 kilodaltons, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of Protease I and II were 10.5 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively, and Protease II were 11.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. And the enzymes were completely inhibited by PMSF suggesting serine protease, but not affected by pCMB. 1,10-phenanthroline, IAA, and EDTA.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 1996

An alkalophilic bacterium producing alkaline protease(s) was isolated from soil. It was a Gram-positive, non-sporulating, immotile, irregular rod, strictly aerobic, and weak acid-forming bacterium. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the isolate resembled those of the Coryneform bacteria. However, there was not any species within this genera to which this microorganism can be closely matched. Therefore, it is provisionally identified as a Coryneform bacterium TU-19.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.345-348
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• 2003

The bio-mediated production of calcite crystals by calcinogenic bacteria has great applicable value for the restoration of deteriorated calcareous monuments, because of its high purity and coherency. An investigation of the conditions for calcite production by an alkalophilic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CMB01 strain was made. Optimal calcite precipitation occurred when the bacterium was cultured at pH 8.0 and 30$^{\circ}C$, and in B4 medium that consisted of 0.4% yeast extract, 0.5% glucose, and 1.5% calcium acetate. Calcium ion of the bacterially induced calcite was analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrophotometer. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the calcite revealed a typical rombohedral polycrystalline structure.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1997

The moderately alkalophilic bacterium, identified as Bacillus sp. S-1 , was isolated from soils and effectively secrete extracellular pullulanase. The isolate was moderately alkalophilic since enzyme production occurred at pHs from 6.0 to 10.0. Extracellular crude enzymes of the isolate gave maltotriose as the major product from soluble starch and pullulan hydrolysis. Compared to other alkalophilic microbes, this isolate secreted extremely high concentration(7.0 units/ml) of pullulanase. The purified pullulanase was moderately alkalophilic and thermoactive; optimal activity was detected at pH 8.0-10.0 and between 50-60$^{\circ}$C. Even at pH 12.0, 10% of S-1 pulluanase activity remained and the strain had broad pH ranges and moderate thermo-stability for their enzyme activities. These results indicate that the new isolate have potential as producer of pullulanase for use in the starch industry.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.543-547
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• 1991

An alkalophilic microorganism, SH-8, was isolated from soil samples. It was a Grampositive, catalase-positive, spore-forming and motile rod which was capable of growth in aerobic condition at the initial pH 9.0 or above up to 11.0 and between 15 and $42^{\circ}C$ The characteristics of this strain resembled those of the Bacillus group of bacteria. The mutant, Bacillus sp. SH- 8M, was selected from Bacillus sp. SH-8 by U.V. mutagenesis and was able to grow at pH 6.9 up to 11.0. These two strains will be suitable for the comparative study on growth and enzyme production at various pH conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 1988

A strain of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YS-309 has been isolated from domestic soil. It belongs to genus Bacillus from its morphological and biochemical characteristics. The strain grows better in the alkaline media rather than in the neutral media. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were observed at 8.5 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Glucose, lactose and maltose were appeared as good carbon source but soluble starch and fructose were utilized uneffectively for growth. Concentrations of lactose had affected both the cellular growth and the enzyme productions. The maximum growth and the highest enzyme productions were obtained at 0.5%(w/e) of lactose added in the media. B-Galactosidase from Bacillus sp. YS-309 was produced inducibly into the cell and total enzyme activities per ml were gradually decreased when the concentration of glucose increased.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 1992

Twenty-four bacterial strains among alkalophillic bacteria isolated from soil samples were examined for the presence of type II restriction endonuclease in aerobic culture. One strain was found to contain specific enzyme to cleave lambda DNA. The characteristics of this microorganism is the ability to grow well in alkalophilic and high temperature condition, that is at pH 10.3 and $50^{\circ}C$. This strain was tentatively identified to Bacillus alkaloPhilus subsp. halodurans when morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were examined. The enzyme was purified from crude extract by streptomycin sulfate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, which was followed by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose ion exchange column chromatography, and the subunit molecular weight was about, 32,000 daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing 0.1% SDS.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1997

To genetically breed powerful multifunctional antagonistic bacteria, the urease gene of alkalophilic Bacillus pasteurii was transferred into Bacillus subtilis YB-70 which had been selected as a powerful biocontrol agent against root-rotting fungus Fusarium solani. Urease gene was inserted into the HindIII site of pGB215-110 and designated pGU266. The plasmid pGU266 containing urease gene was introduced into the B. subtilis YB-70 by alkali cation transformation system and the urease gene was very stably expressed in the transformant of B. subtilis YB-70(pGU266). The optimal conditions for the transfomation were also evaluated. From the in vitro antibiosis tests against F. solani, the antifungal activity of B. subtilis YB-70 containing urease gene was much efficient than that of the non-transformed strain. Genetic improvement of B. subtilis YB-70 by transfer of urease gene for the efficient control seemed to be responsible for enhanced plant growth and biocontrol efficacy by combining its astibiotic action and ammonia producing ability.