• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 1999년도 전지기술심포지움
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• pp.137-146
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• 1999

The rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide(RAM)battery system has reached a performance level that enables the consumer to utilize RAM for practically all applications where currently single use cells(alkaline manganese, zinc-carbon)are being used. In addition, it can replace nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride cells in low to medium power applications with much improved charge retention at higher operating temperatures and in intermittent use and works well with solar charging. A review is given on RAM cell performance as well as a comparison to competing rechargeable technologies. Potential new possibilities in the field of OEM(original equipment manufacturer) applications are discussed.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2016

이산화망간은 전지의 활성물질로서 우수한 특성을 가지고 있고 가격도 저렴한 재료로서 각종 1차전지에 사용되어왔다. 그러나 이산화망간을 이용한 2차 전지에 대한 연구는 그렇게 많지 않다. 최근 이산화망간의 충전가역성에 관하여 황산아연을 전해질로 하는 이산화망간 아연전지가 재충전이 가능하다는 보고가 있다. 여기서는 이산화망간이 황산아연수용액 중에서 가역적으로 충전방전이 가능한 것을 토대로 2차전지로서의 가능성에 대해 서술한다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.717-721
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• 2012

Manganese dioxide ($MnO_2$) is one of the most important cathode materials used in both aqueous and non-aqueous batteries. The $MnO_2$ polymorph that is used for lithium primary batteries is synthesized either by electrolytic (EMD-$MnO_2$) or chemical methods (CMD-$MnO_2$). Commonly, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used as a cathode mixture material for dry-cell batteries, such as a alkaline batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, rechargeable alkaline batteries, etc. The characteristics of lithium/manganese-dioxide primary cells fabricated with EMD-$MnO_2$ powders as cathode were compared as a function of the parameters of a manufacturing process. The flexible primary cells were prepared with EMD-$MnO_2$, active carbon, and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder (10 wt.%) coated on an Al foil substrate. A cathode sheet with micro-porous showed a higher discharge capacity than a cathode sheet compacted by a press process. As the amount of EMD-$MnO_2$ increased, the electrical conductivity decreased and the electrical capacity increased. The cell subjected to heat-treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr showed a high discharge capacity. The flexible primary cell made using the optimum conditions showed a capacity and an average voltage of 220 mAh/g and 2.8 V, respectively, at $437.5{\mu}A$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1292-1295
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• 2006

세 종류의 전해질 수용액(염화암모늄형, 염화아연형, 알칼리형)과 조해성재료($CaBr_2$ 또는 $CaCl_2$)를 filter paper 내부에 함침시켜 망간 일차전지용 전해질막을 제조하였다. 전해질막의 두께는 $250{\sim}300{\mu}m$ 이며 유연성 또한 매우 좋았다. 전해질막의 전기화학적 특성은 수분공급을 위해 첨가된 조해성 재료의 종류 및 함량에 크게 의존하였고, $CaCl_2$가 첨가된 계에서 상대적으로 높은 이온전도도 및 방전용량이 얻어졌다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2012

Mastitis is a highly morbid disease that requires detection at the subclinical stage. Tropical countries like India mainly depend on milch buffaloes for milk. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the trace minerals viz. copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) and enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in riverine buffalo milk can be used as an indicator of subclinical mastitis (SCM) with the aim of developing suitable diagnostic kit for SCM. Trace elements and enzyme activity in milk were estimated with Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer, GBC 932 plus and biochemical methods, respectively. Somatic cell count (SCC) was done microscopically. The cultural examination revealed Gram positive bacteria as the most prevalent etiological agent. A statistically significant (p<0.01) increase in SCC, Fe, Zn, Co and LDH occurred in SCM milk containing gram positive bacterial agents only. ALP was found to be elevated in milk infected by both gram positive and negative bacteria. The percent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated taking bacterial culture examination and $SCC\geq2{\times}10^5$ cells/ml of milk as the benchmark. Only ALP and Zn, the former being superior, were found to be suitable for diagnosis of SCM irrespective of etiological agents. LDH, Co and Fe can be introduced in the screening programs where Gram positive bacteria are omnipresent. It is recommended that both ALP and Zn be measured together in milk to diagnose buffalo SCM, irrespective of etiology.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1998

Ethylene을 생성하는 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. AIk-7를 분리 동정하였고, Bacillus sp. AIk-7의 ethylene 생성 경로와 전구 물질을 규명하기 위한 일환으로 이 균주의 intact cell과 cell-free system에서의 다양한 기질의 전환효과를 검토하였다. Intact cell과 cell-free system 모두에서 ethylene 생성을 극대화하기 위한 전환 조건은 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 10.3으로 조사되었고, 기질 전환 효과를 검토한 결과 methionine(Met)과 1-amlnocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)가 압도적으로 많은 ethylene을 생성하였다. Cell-free system에서 저해제의 영향을 살펴본 결과 EDTA억제 효과로 2가 양이온이 필요함을, AOA 억제효과로 transaminase가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. Azide는 Met에서 ACC로의 단계에선 억제효과가 있었으나, ACC ethylene 전환 단계에선 오히려 활성효과를 보여주었다. 식물에서는 ACC에서 ethylene 과정은 Co$^{2+}$에 의해 저해받는데 반해 Bacillus sp. AIk-7은 Co$^{2+}$에 의해 ACC에서 ethylene과정이 10-70배 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 Bacillus sp. AIk-7에 의한 ethylene 생성 전구체는 Met과 ACC일 가능성이 있다.