• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.74-84
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki) for new Korean traditional paper(Hanji). Hanji has been traditionally made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry. Besides mulberry bast part, wood core was utilized separately or in mixed forms as raw materials for the new Hanji. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. In the physical properties of the Hanjis mixed with bast part and wood core pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the wood core pulp contents. But the sheet strengths of Hanjis containing 10∼30% of wood core pulps were higher than those of the Hanji containing bast part pulp only. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of wood core pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 1998

Traditionally, Hanji had been made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki). Nowadays, Hanji has been made mainly in the mixed forms of paper mulberry bast fiber and waste paper, and consequently it has raised many problems using them. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Hanji mixed with paper mulberry bast part and whole stalk pulps. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of whole stalk pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased. In the physical properties of the Hanji mixed with bast part and whole stalk pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the whole stalk pulp contents. The tensile strength and folding endurance of the Hanji containing 40∼60% of whole stalk pulps were higher as compared to the others.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 1999

Anatomical and chemical properties of three mulberry species (Morus spp) were analyzed as an alternative row material for the paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) . The pulping and papermaing characteristics of bast fiber and whole stalks by three different pulping processes, conventional alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide, and sulfomethylated, for the Hanji were investigated. The fiber dimension of M.bombycis was the biggest of the species. The fiber length of upper part and the fiber width and cell wall thickness of lower part were bigger than the others. The extractives and ash contents of bast fiber were higher than those of whole stalk , and holocellulose and lignin contents of whole stalk were higher than those of bast fiber. The pulp yields of M.alba bast fiber, M.bombycis whole stalk, and sufomethylated pulping were higher than the others.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics for New Hanji (Korean Paper) products from paper mulberries by new pulping processes. So far wood ash extractives or NaOH only have been used for cooking chemicals at the atmospheric condition. Also bast fibers only have been used as raw materials for Hanji, In this study, as the alternatives to the conventional cooking, alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated cookings were applied at the pressurized condition for Hanji pulping, Also bast fibers, woody parts and whole woods are attempting for being utilize as new raw materials for special Hanji. Anatomical and chemical properties of 3 paper mulberry species and their pulping characteristics were analyzed.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 1997

Newly bleaching sequence using oxygen, ozone and hydrogen peroxide has introduced to avoid pollution hazards from chlorinated organic compounds, because chlorine dioxide substitution bleaching was produced a little chlorinated organic substance. Oxygen-type chemicals replaced for chlorine has attracted much research attention. Bleachability of ozone was improved at low temperature and high pulp consistency. In third bleaching followed OZ bleaching, addition of O2 and NaBH4 in alkali extraction was effective than only alkali extraction. Bleachability of pulps in ozone bleaching(Z) was improved at higher consistency and lower temperature The addition O2 and NaBH4 in alkali extraction after OZ bleaching sequence improved brightness, when compared to those obtained by only alkaline extraction. Pulps bleached by ECF bleaching sequences such as OZEoD and OZEopD was obtained by 90% ISO brightness. The brightness of pulp bleached by TCF sequences with the ozone dosage of 1.6% was approached to target brightness (88~90%ISO). Pulps bleached Z stage combined bleaching sequence was reduced the viscosity to a little greater extent. However, physical properties of pulps was not great different compared to those bleached by conventional bleaching sequences. A pollution index of bleaching effluente by ozone combined bleaching sequences was lower than by conventional bleaching sequence, but somewhat higher than multistage bleaching sequences combined C/D stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1610-1613
• /
• 2003

The aim of the experiment was to study the changes in the activities of various rumen fibre degrading enzymes due to the feeding of chemically treated mustard (Brassica campestris) straw in sheep. Mustard straw (MS) (<5 cm particle size) was treated either with urea (4% (w/w), or with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (2% NaOH and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)) and/or supplemented with 2% (w/w) urea. Seven maintenance type rations were prepared using MS (70 parts) with molasses (5 parts) and concentrate (25 parts). They were untreated MS (CMS), urea treated MS (UMS), urea supplemented MS (MSUS), alkali treated MS (AMS), alkali treated and urea supplemented MS (AMS-US), alkali $H_2O_2$ treated MS (AHMS) and alkali $H_2O_2$ treated and urea supplemented MS (AHMS-US). They were then compressed into a complete feed block with the help of block making machine. Forty two male hoggets of Malpura breed sheep were equally distributed into each treatment group and (were) offered feed and water ad libitum. At the end of 21 days of feeding trial, rumen liquor was collected through stomach tube from three animals in each group at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h of post feeding. Results showed that the level of enzyme varied from 8.52 to 11.12, 40.85 to 50.37, 3.22 to 3.78, 2.09 to 2.77 and 31.44 to 44.24 units/100 ml SRL respectively for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), $\alpha$-amylase, microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase), filter paper (FP) degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. Processing of MS affected the enzyme activities, in a way, that NaOH and AHP treatment significantly reduced CMCase and FP degrading enzyme. The effect of urea treatment showed an increase in the activity of MCCase and $\alpha$-glucosidase. But the supplementation of urea increased the activity of CMCase, FP degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. The CMCase, $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase activities were highest at 4hr whereas MCCase and FP degrading enzyme had maximum activities at 12 h post feeding Results suggested that MS might need longer time in the rumen for its effective degradation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.284-289
• /
• 1993

탈검, 탈산, 탈색과 탈취 등의 정제과정이 $70^{\circ}C$에 저장하는 동안 참기름의 유지 특성과 산화안정성에 미치는 효과에 대하여 시험하였다. 정제과정을 거친 후 참기름의 색도(L, a, b)는 크게 변하여 엷어졌다. 지방산 조성, 굴절율, 요오드가와 conjugated dienoic acid의 변화는 없었고, 산가와 과산화물가는 감소하였다. $70^{\circ}C$에서 저장동안 탈산, 탈색과 탈취기름은 갈변화 반응이 급격히 이루어져 L값이 크게 감소하고 a값은 크게 증가하였다. 조유와 탈검시료는 색도가 안정하고, 과산화물가, 유리지방산과 conjugated dienoic acid 함량은 서서히 증가한 반면, 탈산, 탈색 및 탈취등의 정제과정을 거친 시료들은 저장초기에 이들의 값이 급격히 증가하였다. 저장 중 산화가 진행되면서 산패취에 관여하는 몇 개의 peak가 생성되고 양이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었는데 탈색과 탈취시료는 이들 peak의 증가가 저장초기에 매우 현저하였으나 조유와 탈검시료는 이들 peak의 변화가 거의 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.180-185
• /
• 1985

알칼리 처리와 글리세린으로 에스테르화 반응을 시킨 탈산공정에 의하여 정제한 각 미강유의 열안정성을 비교하였다. 가열중 산 값의 변화는 알칼리정제 미강유에서는 가열시간에 따라서 증가하였으나, 글리세린처리 미강유의 일부는 완만한 증가추세를, 또 일부는 가열시간이 경과함에 따라서 산 값이 감소하였다. 과산화물 값의 변화는 가열중 증가와 감소의 반복추세를 나타냈으며 알칼리 정제 미강유와 글리세린처리 미강유의 과산화물 값이 13.3 mgq/kg하였다. TBA값의 변화는 가열 10시간까지 급격하게 증가하고 그후 완만한 감소추세를 나타낸다. 가열중 글리세린처리 미강유는 착색현상이 심하였다. 알칼리정제 미강유와 글리세린 미강유의 90시간 가열 후 TG의 감소율은 $150^{\circ}C$에서는 처리방법에 따라 큰 차이가 없었으나, $150^{\circ}C$에서는 글리세린처리미강유가 알칼리정제 미강유보다 TC의 감소율이 약 2${\sim}$7% 높았다. AOM 시험에서 알칼리 정제미강유는 글리세린처리미강유보다 약 2배의 산화 안정성이 있었다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC Recent Advances in Paper Science and Technology
• /
• pp.254-258
• /
• 1999

The distribution of anionic groups in the fibers, the fines, the colloidal fraction and the dissolved fraction, respectively, of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) suspensions was determined and peroxide bleaching of spruce TMP were also studied. Spruce TMP was extracted with hexane, treated with alkali, or bleached with peroxide. Suspensions made at pH 5.5 were fractionated into long fibres, large fines, small fines, a colloidal fraction and a dissolved fraction. The charge of the fractions was determined using polyelectrolyte titration. To determined the origin of the charges, the contents of fatty acids, resin acids and acidic units in hemicelluloses in the different fractions were determined by has chromatography. Extraction of TMP with hexane prior to fractionation increased the measured charge of the fibres. The removal of the wood resin probably uncovered some carboxyl groups on the fibre surfaces, or improved th e penetration of polybrene into the pores of the fibres. The charge of the fines and the colloidal fraction was lower when the wood resin had been removed. Alkaline treatment of the TMP increased the charge of the fibres and fines, mainly because of demethylation of pectins. Alkaline treatment increased the charge also of the dissolved fraction, because of the release the charge also of the dissolved fraction, because of the release of pectic acids into the water phase. Alkaline peroxide bleaching further increased the charge of fibres and the dissolved fraction, most likely because of lignin oxidation. The charge of the colloidal fraction, consisting mainly of wood resin, was only slightly affected by alkaline treatment and peroxide bleaching. The anionic groups in TMP suspensions were mainly free uronic acids in the hemicelluloses. The contribution from the fatty and resin acids was substantial only for the colloidal fraction.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 1999

Excellence of the Korean traditional paper(Hanji) can be proved by literatures and legacies handed down from generations. However, with the problems pertaining to a majority of traditional manufactures, Hanji industry was declined because of low productivity, insufficient supply of raw material , and reduced demand. therefore, modernizxation of the Hanji technology and development of new uses are very important. This study was carried to investigated the papermaking characteristics of Morus spp.(M.alba, M.Bombycis, and M.Ihou) for new Hanji, modernize manufacturing process of Hanji by grafting on developed modern pulping and papermaking technology, develop the various uses, and establish the foundation for development of high value-added products. Hanji is made from M.Ihou, while stalk , and sulfomethylated pulp gave better sheet formation and higher brightness than those of the others. Physical properties of Hanji which made from bast fiber pulps were better than those of whole stalk pulps. Hanji which made from M.bombycis bast fiber and whole stalk pulps were not so good sheet strength as other species. Sulfomethylated whole stalk pulps were shown better sheet strength than alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide whole stalk pulps.