• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the pollution-free Korean traditional papermaking characteristics from paper mulberry by sulfomethylation pulping. Bast fibers were pulped by sulfomethylated cooking liquor, and by alkali and alkali-peroxide processes for the comparison. Sulfomethylated pulping resulted in the superior pulp with high yield and better quality compared to those of alkali and alkali-peroxide pulps. Since the pulp was so bright, there was almost no need additional bleaching. Pollutant loads of sulfomethylated pulping effluent were very low in terms of pH, turbidity and color compared to those of alkali. Pollution-free effluents was accomplished by simple filtering treatment with pine bark, charred rice hull and sawdust compost. Pine bark was the most effective in reduction rate of pollutants.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the sheet properties of Morus Hanji, made by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulping, and different stocks composed to bast and whole stalk fibers. Two species of Morus, M. alba and M. lhou, were used. Pulp yield of the whole stalk parts, its brightness and opacity were higher than those of bast part. In particular sulfomethylated pulp has higher brightness of $62{\sim}63%$, than other pulps(average brightness $30{\sim}40%$). In mechanical properties, paper made of bast fiber has higher strength than those of the whole stalks. Hanji made from M. lhou, whole stalk, and sulfomethylated pulp gave better sheet formation and higher strength than those of the others. Hanji from M. alba bast fiber and whole stalk pulps were not so good sheet properties.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1996

In this study, bast fibers, woody parts and whole woods were pulped separately by alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide and sulfomethylated processes and their papermaking characteristics for the special Hanji were evaluated. Also properties of new Hanji products obtained from mixed stocks of various ratios were discussed. Solfomethylated pulps were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-peroxide pulps. On the mechanical properties of Hanjis mixed with bast-and woody-parts pulps, and with bast and whole stem pulps, handsheet strengths were decreased with the increasing contents of woody and whole stem pulps. Various Hanjis could make by various mixing of separated cooked Pulps. Especially an excellant Hwaseonji(calligrapy Paper) could be made by one stage cooking of whole stem of paper mulberry by sulfomethylated pulping method.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.86-94
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• 1999

Alkaline peroxide bleaching of chemi-mechanical pulp is a very complicated system where various process factors affect the bleacing performance and pulp properties. Traditional onefactor-at a time method is ineffective and costly infinding the optimal bleaching conditions. In this study, statistical experimental design and multiple regression method wre used to investigated the interactions among various bleaching factors and to find out the possbile maximal brightness development during one stage alkaline peroxide bleacing of TMP. The TMP was made from 10% Korean red pine and 90% Korean spruce and had an initial brightness of 54.5% ISO. the TMP was pretreated with EDTA(0.5% on O.D. pulp, 3% pulp consistency, 30$^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes) and bleached in a 2 L Mark V Quantum Reactor at 750 rmp, 7.5% of bleaching consistency and with 0.05% magnesium sulfate addition. The ranges of chemical factors studied , based on oven-ried pulp, were 1-5% for hydrogen peroxide, 1-4% for sodium hydroxide and 1-4% for sodium silicate. The rages of reaction temperature and time were 50-90$^{\circ}C$ and 40-180minutes respectively. Interactions of hydrogen peroxide with alkali , time with temperature ature, alkali with time and silicate with temperature were found to be significant which means that hydrogen peroxide bleaching will be favored at stable concentration of perhydroxyl ion, relatively short time and low temperature, and high level of silicate. Mathematical model which has good predictability for target brightness in one stage peroxide bleaching can also be established easily. Base ion the model, maximal brightness of 70% ISO was found to at 50$^{\circ}C$ and 50 minutes by chemical additions of 5% for hydrogen peroxide, 3.2-3.4% for sodium hydroxide and 4% for silicate based on O.D. pulp. However, this result might not be suitable for situation where furnishes are different from ours, or different pretreatment is used, or bleaching carried out at different pulp consistency. In these cases it will be good to re-investigate the process by a similar methodology as was used in this study.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The utilization of non-woody fibers with the fast growing annual plants has occurred in the paper industry to replace wood and preserve environment of the earth. The non-woody fibers generally used for papermaking are paper mulberry, gampi, manila hemp, rice straw, bamboo, and coton linter etc.. Recently Kenaf has been spot-lighted for the same application. Kenaf is an annual plant of Hibiscus species of Malvaceae family. Kenaf, a rapid growing and high harvesting non-woody fiber plant, was identified as one of the promising fiber sources for the production of paper pulp. This study was carried out to investigate the pulping characteristics of Kenaf bast fiber for Hanji (traditional Korean paper) manufacturing by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulpings. It was possible to make superior grade of Hanji. Especially sulfomethylated pulping was resulted in superior pulp in terms of higher yields and qualities in comparison to those of the other pulping methods. Hanji from sulfomethylated pulp was shown the highest brightness of over 60% and higher sheet strength. In addition, the morphological features of pulp fibers (pulp compositions) affect to the sheet properties. Therefore the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from the data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet properties of Kenaf Hanji was also discussed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the sheet formation properties of Morus Hanjis, made of bast and whole stalk pulps by different pulping methods, such as alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated pulping. Two species of Morus, M. alba and M. lhou, were used. Effect of morphological properties of pulp stocks on the sheet formation and its gray levels based on optical property were evaluated using an Image analyzer. In addition, the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI) which was calculated from tile data of Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) on the sheet formation and optical properties of Morus Hanji were also discussed. On the sheet formation, Hanji from whole stalk pulp was superior than that of bast pulp. The more the sheet formation improved, the more paper opacity decreased. In the aspect of Hanji's surface characteristics analyzed by an Image analyzer, the average gray level and its standard deviation of Hanji from the whole stalk pulp were rather lower than those of bast pulp because of better sheet formation of the former. However, high brightness Hanji showed high value of gray level. The sheet formation and paper opacity were increased with the decrease of standard deviation of gray level. From these results, gray level measurement could be used to predict the paper opacity as well as sheet formation. Sheet formation of whole stalk Hanji and its FDI measured by CLSM were higher than those of bast fibers. In conclusion, the sheet formation and opacity of Hanji could be evaluated by standard deviation value of Hanji's gray level using an Image analyzer and by fiber distribution index using CLSM.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권9_10호
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• pp.1295-1305
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• 2005

The study was based on a three-stage, non-repetitive factorial experiment in which chemical-rotted kenaf fibers were treated separately with hydrogen peroxide concentrations of $0.5\%,\;1\%\;and\;2\%$, with pH solutions of 7, 9 and 11, and treatment times of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Under optimal conditions, the study was conducted to determine the bleaching efficiency by the addition of chelators, penetrants and surfactants. The bleaching effects on the kenaf fibers were high in high hydrogen peroxide concentration, high in alkali solution pH, low in long treatment time. The optimal level of hydrogen peroxide on bleaching effects were at $2\%$ hydrogen peroxide concentration, with pH of 11 and treatment time of 60 minutes. Under the conditions of $2\%$ hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH 11 and treatment time of 60 minutes, the addition of chelator: Sodim Pyrophosphate(SP), Citric Acid(CA) made the bleaching effects of the kenaf fibers high.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

In general, the entire of paper mulberry bark, which is not cut into pieces with an appropriate length, have been used in the pulping. This kind of pulping method couldn't accomplish the improvement of beating and sheet forming efficiency. For this reason, we investigated the effects of the cutting length of paper mulberry bast fiber on pulping and Hanji (Korean traditional paper) properties, in order to develop high quality Hanji manufacturing process. The cutting length variation of paper mulberry white bast did not great effects on pulp yields. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 57.4%, alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulping av. 55.4%, and alkaline pulping av. 53.5% respectively. The optical properties such as brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient were slightly improved by the increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length. The increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length resulted in poor sheet formation. Physical properties such as breaking length, TEA, tear index, burst index, and folding endurance were slightly improved by the increase of cutting length. The modified pulping processes, which used sulfomethylated method and alkali-hydrogen peroxide method, showed better pulp and sheet properties than conventional alkaline pulping.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

참나무의 전처리에 과산화수소가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 반응온도는 $170^{\circ}C$이고 전처리에 사용된 반응용액은 암모니아, 황산 그리고 순수 물이었다.10% 암모니아용액을 사용한 경우 산을 사용하는 경우에 비해 리그닌 제거율은 55%로 상당히 높았지만 헤미셀룰로오스 회수율은 26%로 상당히 낮았다. 그래서 헤미셀룰로오스 회수율을 높이기 위해 암모니아 용액에 산화제인 과산화수소를 첨가하여 반응시켰는데 과산화수소 첨가량의 증가에 따라 리그닌 제거율과 헤미셀룰로오스 회수율의 증가는 크지 않았다. 그리고 과산화수소 첨가량의 증가에 따라 액상으로 용해된 당의 분해가 증가하여 전체 헤미셀룰로오스와 셀룰로오스의 물질수지에 문제가 있었다. 반응기에 주입된 과산화수소는 주로 반응기의 전반부에 충진된 기질과 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 헤미셀룰로오스 회수율을 높이기 위해서는 알카리용액보다 산성용액에서 기질을 전처리하는 것이 필요하였고 산보다는 물을 사용하였을 때 과산화수소의 효과가 더 컸다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 1988

참깨박 단백질의 식용화를 목적으로 참깨박에 hydrogen peroxide papain처리 및 아실화가 분리참깨박단백의 품질 및 기능적 성질에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. hydrogen peroxide papain 및 papain 과 hydrogen peroxide를 병행처리한 경우 alkali처리시보다 참깨박 단백질의 추출율, 분리단백의 단백질 함량이 높았으며 분리 단백의 아미노산 조성은 lysine을 제외한 필수아미노산의 함량이 비교적 우수하였고 분리단백의 색상, 기능적 성질 및 pepsin소화성이 현저히 향상되었다. 또한 아실화에 의하여 제1 제한아비노산인 lysine의 함량증가와 용해도, 용적밀도, 수분흡착도. 지방흡착도 및 유화성이 현저히 개선되었으나 기포성 및 소화성은 약간 저하시키는 경향을 보였다.