• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to provide the necessary basic data, to establish management solutions and to improve biodiversity by calculating similarity index, urbanization index (UI), and disturbed index (DI) to understand current status of naturalized and invasive alien plants in Eulsukdo, Maekdo and Samnak ecological parks in Busan, South Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in these parks were 76 taxa; 20 families, 53 genera, and 76 species. As a result of the similarity index analysis, the most similarity level (83.0%) was obtained at Eulsukdo and Maekdo parks. The numbers of invasive plants identified in the two parks were 11 taxa; Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Hypochaeris radicata L., Lactuca serriola L., Solidago altissima L., Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Paspalum distichum L., and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. Overall, UI and DI were 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively, indicating that the ecosystem disruption was serious.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.67-89
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• 2022

This study aimed to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants on the Deok mountain in Ganghwa-gun, Korea. The results of 10 field surveys from March to October of 2019 identified 532 taxa in total, representing 482 species, 9 subspecies, 39 varieties, 1 form, and 1 hybrid in 318 genera and 105 families. The plant formation of Deok mountain is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest, which is the common one in the middle region of the Korean Peninsula. Among them, 301 taxa were newly recorded in this study, 7 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, 3 taxa were red list plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 41 taxa, specifically 1 taxon of grade V, 2 taxa of grade IV, 7 taxa of grade III, 9 taxa of grade II, and 22 taxa of grade I. Alien plants were recorded a total of 73 taxa with a naturalized index of 13.7%, the urbanization index was calculated to be 11.8% and 4 taxa were ecosystem disturbance plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.720-761
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• 2022

This study surveyed the vascular flora present in abandoned paddy field type of 237 forest wetlands in Korea to provide baseline data for conservation, management, and monitoring and to support preparation for damage and climate change. The study period was from April 2015 to November 2021. The vascular flora of 237 forest wetlands by abandoned paddy field type were identified to consist of 128 families, 510 genera, 1,022 species, 27 subspecies, 87 varieties, 10 forma, and 1,146 taxa. 4 taxa were identified as grade II endangered wild plants, 185 taxa were identified as northern lineage plants of the Korean Peninsula, 43 taxa were endemic to the Korean Peninsula, and 58 taxa were rare plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Further, 296 taxa were floristic target plants and there were 86 taxa of invasive alien plants. According to wetland preference, 79 taxa (6.9%) were obligate wetland plants, 103 taxa (9.0%) were facultative wetland plants, and 61 (5.3%) taxa were facultative plants. Additionally, 66 taxa (5.8%) were facultative upland plants, and 837 taxa (73.0%) were obligate upland plants.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

With continuous decline of Philippine forest cover, sustainable forest management and restoration are essential to restore destroyed forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, of ten most planted trees in reforestation projects in the Philippines, eight are exotic species, with large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) being the most dominant. In this study, effect of Swietenia macrophylla in reforestation projects on native tree species was evaluated. Effects of S. macrophylla leaf litter, frequency, and canopy closure on the growth of the Philippine native species Pterocarpus indicus were investigated. Results showed that S. macrophylla leaf litter significantly inhibited the growth of P. indicus seedlings based on root collar-to-shoot height. The standardized growth rate of seedlings in plots without S. macrophylla leaf litter was significantly higher than the growth rate of seedlings in plots with leaf litter. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the standardized growth rate of seedlings between plots without leaf litter and a control plot. On the contrary, S. macrophylla tree frequency and canopy closure showed no significant effect. These results attest to the negative effect of widely planted S. macrophylla to a valuable Philippine native tree P. indicus. With accumulating scientific evidence about negative effects of S. macrophylla on native trees, discontinued use in tree planting and reforestation efforts with active management of restoration sites previously planted with large leaf mahogany are needed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2022

Microalgae can attach to the surface of ships and then spread to various areas by means of ship transport. The introduction of invasive species through ships is recognized as a marine problem worldwide. Identification of attached microalgae is necessary to investigate such movement between countries through ships. In the present study, through analytical methods we reviewed research data to identify the taxa of domestic attached microalgae and assess the ecological impacts of such microalgae. A total of 87 genera and 153 species (143 species of diatoms, 10 species of cyanobacteria, and 4 genera of dinoflagellates) were identified as native attached microalgae in Korea, and diatoms accounted for 93% of the total. Most of these attached microalgae were identified through research on natural substrates such as seaweeds and bedrock, and some were also identified through experiments using artificial adherent plates. To date, there is no information on microalgae attached to international ships and introduced into Korea. Molecular genetic analysis and systematic management through on-site sampling of international ships, microscopic analysis, and meta-barcoding are necessary to assess the inflow and spread path of hull-attached marine alien species and evaluate the risk they pose to the domestic ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2014

This study is carried out to offer the raw data for conservation and management of tidal flat ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Daesong tidal flat wetland, Ahnsan-si, Gyeonggi-do coast, Korea. The results of surveying the flora were recorded as 186 taxa including 45 families, 121 genera, 170 species, 14 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes checked around this site were 20 taxa including Atriplex gmelinii, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia and so forth. Polygonum bellardii that species had ecological value was the specific plant by floristic region. The growth locations of halophytes were 11 taxa of upper, 4 taxa of high tide line and 5 taxa of lower. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Melilotus alba, Veronica persica, Bidens pilosa, Leptochloa fusca and so forth. Because Aster subulatusand Leptochloa fusca grew a upper tidal flat wetland, they had the characteristics of halophytes. The focuses on the management of Daesong wetland were halophytes and naturalized plants. Firstly, to maintain a halophytes communities, we will sow the halophytes seeds and plant the individuals. And In-Situ conservation was applied to Polygonum bellardii habitat. Secondly, to prevent the genesis of naturalized plant, we will don't disturb around the wetland environment. The invasive alien plant, Lactuca scariola, was removed by periodic monitoring and purification activity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2020

Background: Natural forests are generally considered to be less prone to biological invasions than other modified ecosystems, particularly when canopy cover is high. Few decades of management of degraded forests by local communities in Nepal has increased canopy cover and altered disturbance regimes. These changes might have reduced the abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in forests. To understand the status of IAPS in such forests, we studied two community managed Shorea robusta forests (Sundari and Dhusheri) of Nawalpur district in central Nepal. In these two forests, vegetation sampling was done using circular plots 10 m radius at forest edge, gaps, and within canopy. Variation of IAPS richness and cover across these microhabitats were compared, and their variation with tree canopy cover and basal area analyzed. Result: Altogether 14 IAPS were recorded in the study forests; among them Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum houstonianum, and Lantana camara had the highest frequency. Mikania micrantha was at the early stage of colonization in Sundari Community Forest (CF) but absent in Dhuseri CF. Both IAPS cover and richness was higher at forest edge and gap than in canopy plots and both these attributes declined with increasing canopy cover and tree basal area. Conclusion: The results indicate that increase in canopy cover and closure of forest gaps through participatory management of degraded forests can prevent plant invasions and suppress the growth of previously established IAPS in Shorea robusta forests of Nepal. This is the unacknowledged benefit of participatory forest management in Nepal.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2020

Pomacea canaliculate (channeled apple snail; CAS), which is one of the world's worst alien invasive species, is widely distributed in Korea, and raised ecological and economic problems. In this study, we surveyed the distribution and dispersal characteristics of CAS in Korea, and analyzed the effects of environmental and anthropogenic (or social) factors on their distribution and dispersal. We considered various events related to CAS such as changes of policy including promotion of agriculture using CAS and enactment of biological diversity conservation law. Our results showed that human activities strongly influenced to the distribution and dispersal of CAS in Korea. Distribution of CAS seemed to relate with environment-friendly agriculture considering environmental conditions of CAS habitats. And dispersal characteristics of CAS were significantly correlated with social factors such as cultivation area and rate of organic products, production CAS on inland fishery.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.86-101
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• 2004

This study was conducted to present the ecological management of Goduk Riverside Restoration Area in Hangang, Seoul by analyzing the change of the vegetation structure. The survey site was classified into three groups. These were the vegetation restoration area, the dry plant area, and the swampy plant area. There were 141 taxa including naturalized plants and 13 species recorded in 2001 and 258 taxa including naturalized plants and 42 species were recorded in 2003 by monitoring. Monitoring results showed that the alien plants such as Humulus japonicus expanded continuously except in the vegetation restoration area. It was found that the growing status of planted shrub plants were poor, and the naturalized plants status was thriving, and the soil environment was bad in the vegetation restoration area. The alien plants such as Humulus japonicus and Aster pilosus dominated continuously in the dry plant area. The swampy native herb plants number was decreased, but the Humulus japonicus community was expanded caused by the soil drying in the swampy plant area. Soil analysis showed that the soil acidity, the available phosphates and the concentration of calcium were highly effected by cultivation. We propose ecological management as follows based on the results of the change of vegetation and soil characteristics. The vegetation restoration area should be managed by visitor's characteristics. Replanting vegetations should be based on soil characteristics. The removal of naturalized plants and established monitoring with plots is also needed. In the dry plant area and the swampy plant area, naturalized plants need to be removed in order to facilitate bio-diversity and monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-241
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• 2022

This study was investigated distributed the vascular flora of around Haemyeong Mt., located in Seokmodo, Incheon, and compared invasive alien plants in the surrounding forest 14 areas. This study carried out to be established a monitoring system for the remarkable plants etc. and used as basic data for biodiversity enhancement and conservation. The survey was conducted 19 times from April 2019 to October 2020. A total of 107 families, 382 genera, 616 species, 15 sub-species, 55 varieties, 8 formas, and 694 taxa were classified in the flora around Haemyeong Mt. areas. 17 taxa for Korea endemic plants. 12 taxa were classified for rare plants, and a total of 79 taxa were identified for floristic target species I~V. Halophytes consisted of 37 taxa. The invasive alien plants were classified as 66 taxa, and also there has been 126 taxa of them in Seokmodo and surrounding 14 forests. Plants that appeared in all 14 areas out of 126 taxa were classified as 7 taxa, such as Erigeron annuus. However, 48 taxa appeared only once in some areas, but it seems inevitable that they will spread in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a long-term conservation plan for native plants.