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Cationized Lignin Loaded Alginate Beads for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal

  • Jungkyu KIM;YunJin KIM;Seungoh JUNG;Heecheol YUN;Hwanmyeong YEO;In-Gyu CHOI;Hyo Won KWAK
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.321-333
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    • 2023
  • In this study, lignin, a lignocellulosic biomass, was chemically modified to produce polyethyleneimine-grafted lignin (PKL) with maximum hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] adsorption capacity. Changes in the physicochemical properties due to the cationization of lignin were confirmed through elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and moisture stability evaluation. Alginate (Alg) beads containing PKL (Alg/PKL) were prepared by incorporating cationic lignin into the Alg matrix to apply the prepared PKL in a batch-type water treatment process. The optimal Alg/lignin mixing ratio was selected to increase the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and minimize lignin elution from the aqueous system. The selected Alg/PKL beads exhibited an excellent Cr(VI) removal capacity of 478.98 mg/g. Isothermal adsorption and thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Cr(VI) removal behavior of the Alg/PKL beads was similar to that of heterogeneous chemical adsorption. In addition, the bulk adsorbent material in the form of beads exhibited adsorption behavior in three stages: surface adsorption, diffusion, and equilibrium.

Optimization of Chitosan-Alginate Encapsulation Process Using Pig Hepatocytes or Development of Bioartificial Liver

  • LEE , JI-HYUN;LEE, DOO-HOON;SON, JEONG-HWA;PARK, JUNG-KEUG;KIM, SUNG-KOO
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 2005
  • Chitosan-alginate capsules were formed by electrostatic interactions and exhibited an appropriate mechanical strength, permeability, and stability for the culture of hepatocytes. Pig hepatocytes were isolated and hepatocyte spheroids formed and immobilized in chitosan-alginate capsules. An encapsulation procedure of 3 min and spheroid formation period of 24 h were the optimum conditions for the best liver functions. Pig hepatocytes with a cell density of $6.0{\tomes}10^6$ cells/ml in the capsules were found to be most suitable for application in a bioartificial liver support system. The encapsulated pig hepatocyte spheroids exhibited stable ammonia removal and urea secretion rates in a bioreactor for 2 weeks. Accordingly, chitosan-alginate encapsulated hepatocyte spheroids in a packed-bed bioreactor would appear to have potential as a bioartificial liver.

Synthesis of Alginate-derived Polymeric Surfactants (알지네이트계 고분자 계면활성제의 합성)

  • 강현아
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2000
  • Alginate derivatives possessing various lengths of alkyl amine (C8, C12, C16) chain were prepared by oxidation followed by reductive amination of alginate and the products were characterized by spectral analysis. The surface tension critical micelle concentration (c. m. c) and solubility of a hydrophobic compound azobenzene were examined. Series of synthesized alginate-derived polymeric surfactants(APSs) reduced the surface tension. The dissolving capacity of APSs toward azobenzene was about half that of SDS. In order to investigate the capacity of metal adsorption Co and Pb were selected as a representative metal. The overall removal efficiency of APSs were high compared with that of alginate at pH 3.5 and 7 respectively. Major mechanism of the heavy metal removal is the complex of metal with carboxyl group.

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Removal of Ammonia-N by using the Immobilized Nitrifier Consortium in Aquaculture System (양어장에서 고정화된 질화세균군을 이용한 암모니아 질소 제거)

  • SUH Kuen-Hack;KIM Yong-Ha;AHN Kab-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.868-873
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    • 1997
  • Nitrifier consortium entrapped in Ca and Ba-alginate beads were packed into two reactors and studied for removing ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture system. The ammonia-nitrogen concentration of the influent was continually kept about 2 ppm. At the hydraulic residence time of 0.6 hours, ammonia-nitrogen removal amount of two reactors was about 52.6 and 51.0 g $NH_3-N/m^3/day$, respectively. The ability of adjusting to an impulsive leading which was happened according to variations of HRT was better at Ba-alginate reactor, but its discrepancy was not so large. At the respect of removing ammonium-nitrogen, two reactors showed the similar ability of treating recirculating water.

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The Removal of Heavy Metals from CCA Treated Wood by Immobilized Aspergillus niger

  • Son, Dong-Won;Lee, Dong-Heub;Yoon, Jeong-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2007
  • For the safe disposal of the end used CCA treated wood, the biological method was studied. Aspergillus niger has been known to be grown on the fresh wood surfaces even on the CCA treated wood surface. Therefore, in this study we estimated the removal efficacy of heavy metals from CCA treated wood by A. niger. The selected fungi, A. niger adsorbed the heavy metals from CCA solution. A. niger removed 95% of arsenic, 55% of copper, and 23% of chromium. From these results, A. niger appeared to be useful for the removal of chromium, copper, and arsenic from the end used CCA-treated wood and the use of A. niger-alginate could be effective.

Preparation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Extrudates and Their Phosphate Adsorption Studies

  • Rallapalli, Phani Brahma Somayajulu;Ha, Jeong Hyub
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.562-568
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    • 2019
  • Cylindrical shape extrudates of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) were prepared using different percentages of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / sodium alginate (SA) mixtures as binders and an aqueous solution containing 6% $H_3BO_3$ and 3% $CaCl_2$ was used as a cross linking agent. As the quantity of alginate increases, the phosphate removal efficiency and capacity were decreased. Among four different extrudate samples, the sample prepared by 8% PVA + 2% SA showed the highest phosphate removal efficiency (59.59%) and capacity (29.97 mg/g) at an initial phosphate concentration of 100 ppm and 2.0 g/L adsorbent dosage. Effects of the adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial phosphate concentration on the sample were further studied. The removal efficiency and capacity obtained by a 4.0 g/L adsorbent dose at an initial phosphate concentration of 100 ppm in 3 h were 79.38% and 19.96 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data of kinetic and isotherm measurements followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. These results suggested that the phosphate removal was processed via a chemisorption and a monolayer coverage of phosphate anions was on the CSH surface. The maximum adsorption capacity ($q_{max}$) was calculated as 23.87 mg/g from Langmuir isotherm model.

Removal of Cadmium ion($Cd^{2+}$) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Immobilized in Ca-Alginate Gel Beads (Ca-Alginate Gel Bead에 고정된 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 의한 카드뮴이온($Cd^{2+}$)의 제거)

  • 최광수;김경태;양승남;김진욱;고창웅;김남기
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 1998.05a
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 1998
  • 산업발달과 더불어 우리의 일상 생활과 밀접한 관계를 갖게된 각종 중금속은 직접적으로는 직업병을 유발함음 물론 간접적으로는 식품류, 수질, 대기 및 토양 등을 오염시켜 만성적 혹은 급성적로 인체에 피해를 가져온다. 이와 관련해서 특히 문제시되는 중금속류로는 납, 카드뮴, 수은, 니켈, 크롬, 비소 등이 있다. 이중에서도 카드뮴에 의한 중독은 대표적인 예의 하나이다. (중략)

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Ammonium Ion Effects and Its In Situ Removal by Using Immobilized Adsorbent in Hybridoma Cell Culture (하이브리도마 세포배양에서 암모늄 이온의 영향 및 고정화 흡착제에 의한 암모늄 이온의 동시제거)

  • 정연호;이해익
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.329-339
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    • 1996
  • The effects of ammonium ion on cell growth kinetics, monoclonal antibody productivity, and cell metabolism of hybridoma cells were investigated. The mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line VlIIH-8 producing mouse IgG2a was used as a model system. Ammonium ion showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth and monoclonal antibody production. New immobilized adsorbents were developed for the reduction of the inhibitory effect of ammonium ion. The ammonium ion selective zeolite, Phillipsite-Gismondine was entrapped in calcium alginate bead or in dialysis membrane and applied to the hybridoma cell culture system for the in situ removal of ammonium ion from culture media. The effects of ammonium the both serum supplemented and serum free media on the cell growth were studied by applying immobilized adsorbents of calcium alginate bead type. The results demonstrated a substantial enhancement in cell growth. Applying immobilized adsorbents of dialysis membrane type to serum supplemented media also resulted in the stimulation of cell growth, cell viability and monoclonal antibody production.

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Microbial Removal Using Layered Double Hydroxides and Iron (Hydr)oxides Immobilized on Granular Media

  • Park, Jeong-Ann;Lee, Chang-Gu;Park, Seong-Jik;Kim, Jae-Hyeon;Kim, Song-Bae
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this study was to investigate microbial removal using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and iron (hydr)oxides (IHs) immobilized onto granular media. Column experiments were performed using calcium alginate beads (CA beads), LDHs entrapped in CA beads (LDH beads), quartz sand (QS), iron hydroxide-coated sand (IHCS) and hematite-coated sand (HCS). Microbial breakthrough curves were obtained by monitoring the effluent, with the percentage of microbial removal and collector efficiency then quantified from these curves. The results showed that the LDH beads were ineffective for the removal of the negatively-charged microbes (27.7% at 1 mM solution), even though the positively-charged LDHs were contained on the beads. The above could be related to the immobilization method, where LDH powders were immobilized inside CA beads with nano-sized pores (about 10 nm); therefore, micro-sized microbes (E. coli = 1.21 ${\mu}m$) could not diffuse through the pores to come into contact with the LDHs in the beads, but adhere only to the exterior surface of the beads via polymeric interaction. IHCS was the most effective in the microbial removal (86.0% at 1 mM solution), which could be attributed to the iron hydroxide coated onto the exterior surface of QS had a positive surface charge and, therefore, effectively attracted the negatively-charged microbes via electrostatic interactions. Meanwhile, HCS was far less effective (35.6% at 1 mM solution) than IHCS because the hematite coated onto the external surface of QS is a crystallized iron oxide with a negative surface charge. This study has helped to improve our knowledge on the potential application of functional granular media for microbial removal.

A Study of Cesium Removal Using Prussian Blue-Alginate Beads (프러시안 블루-알지네이트 비드를 이용한 세슘 제거 연구)

  • So-on Park;Su-jung Min;Bum-kyoung Seo;Chang-hyun Roh;Sang-bum Hong
    • Journal of Radiation Industry
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.89-93
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    • 2024
  • Accidents at nuclear facilities and nuclear power plants led to leaks of large amounts of radioactive substances. Of the various radioactive nuclides released, 137Cs are radioactive substances generated during the fission of uranium. Therefore, due to the high fission yield (6.09%), strong gamma rays, and a relatively long half-life (30 years), a rapid and efficient removal method and a study of adsorbents are needed. Accordingly, an adsorbent was prepared using Prussian blue (PB), a material that selectively adsorbs radioactive cesium. As a result of evaluating the adsorption performance with the prepared adsorbent, it was confirmed that 82% of the removal efficiency was obtained, and most of the cesium was rapidly adsorbed within 10 to 15 minutes. The purpose of this study was to adsorb cesium using the Prussian blue alginate bead and to compare the change in detection efficiency according to the amount of adsorbent added for quantitative evaluation. However, in this case, it is difficult to determine the detection efficiency using a standard source with the same conditions as the measurement sample, so the efficiency change of the HPGe detector according to the different heights of Prussian blue was calculated through MCNP simulation using certified standard materials (1 L, Marinelli beaker) for radioactivity measurement. It is expected to derive a relational equation that can calculate detection efficiency through an efficiency curve according to the volume of Prussian blue, quantitatively evaluate the activity at the same time as the adsorption of radioactive nuclides in actual contaminated water and use it in the field of nuclear facility operation and dismantling in the future.