• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1973

The changes of plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, serum sodium-, and potassium levels were studied before and after the water loading followed by diuretics injection. The materials were: 13 non-, 11 normal-, and 11 toxemic pregnancy cases. The plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration of the cord and postpartum blood were also measured. Following were the results: 1. The plasma renin activity was elevated significantly in normal pregnancy, and slightly in toxemic pregnancy. The serum sodium levels were decreased in pregnancy. 2. The plasma aldosterone concentration was slightly decreased in normal pregnancy, and slightly increased in toxemic pregnancy, however, statistically insignificant. 3. The plasma renin activity of the cord and postpartum blood were lower than those of pregnancy cases. 4. The changes of plasma renin activity after the diuretic administration showed an initial increase, which recovered within 2 hours. These changes were the least in normal pregnancy, and the most in toxemic pregnancy. 5. The changes of plasma aldosterone concentration after the diuretic administration were similar to those of plasma renin activity, although the variations were not so wide.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1993

Effects of a voltage dependent calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine, on the responses of blood pressure, and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone to angiotensin II (Ang II) were compared in male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A low, control or high sodium diet (2, 10 or 25 mmol Na/100 g diet) was fed for 6 weeks from the age of 6 weeks. On the morning of the experiment catheters were inserted under ether anesthesia in the femoral artery for pressure recording and blood sampling, and in the femoral vein for drug infusion. Ang II was infused at a rate of 250 ng/kg/min for 20 min. Nifedipine mixed with Ang II was infused at a rate of $16{\mu}g/kg/min$ for 20 min. Arterial blood samples were collected before and after infusion of Ang II with or without nifedipine. The control plasma level of aldosterone was inversely related to the amount of salt intake, whereas the plasma ANP level was not different between the salt groups. SHR showed a higher basal plasma ANP but a lower aldosterone concentration than Wistar rats. Infusion of Ang II produced a significant increase in blood pressure and plasma levels of aldosterone and ANP: The % increase was not significantly different either between the salt groups or between SHR and Wistar rats. SHR showed a greater pressor response to Ang II but a remarkably smaller decrease in heart rate after Ang II infusion than Wistar rats, With increasing sodium intake, the effect of Ang II on aldosterone secretion was decreased, whereas that on ANP secretion or blood pressure was not changed. Nifedipine decreased the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to Ang II in all groups. Nifedipine caused almost a complete inhibition of Ang II induced ANP secretion, but only a partial inhibition of Ang II induced aldosterone secretion or vasoconstriction. These results indicate that calcium dependent processes were involved in Ang II induced vasoconstriction, and secretions of aldosterone and ANP. However, the calcium dependent process far ANP secretion was considerably different from that for aldosterone secretion or vasoconstriction evoked by ang II. The ang II induced increase in ANP secretion appeared to be caused primarily by activating voltage-dependent calcium channels, whereas Ang II induced aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction was not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 1997

Twenty two hypertensive and thirty normotensive in-patients were participated in this study to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na, Prior to pharmacological treatments, renin activity, aldosterone and parathyroid hormone(PTH) levels were measured from the fasting blood samles. Twenty four hour urine samples were collected to analyze urinary levels of creatinine, Ca, Na and K. Habitual intake of Na and Ca were also measured for hypertensive and normotensive patients. Hypertensive subjects were classified into higher reinin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(MH) and low renin hypertensive (LH) group according to their renin activities. PTH level of LH group was the highest among three hypertensive groups. It appeared that aldosterone levels of HH group were significantly higher than LH or MH groups(p<0.05). However there were no significan시 differences in aldosterone level between LH group and normotensive group. Habitual intake of Na and Ca were highest in LH group but lowest in HH group, however, they were not statistically different. Positive correlations of systolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.2597) and aldosterone(r=0.26480existed(p<0.05). Urinary Ca level was positively correlated with urinary Na(r=0.5619), K(r=0.4533) and habitual Na intake(r=0.3253). Above results suggested the possible relationships among renin activity, habitual Ca intake and Na intake and suggested a further study on the interrelationship between the hormonal control of Ca and Na metabolism and blood pressure in hypertension.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA), a rare syndrome of systemic or renal mineralocorticoid resistance, is clinically characterized by hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and elevated plasma aldosterone levels with either renal salt wasting or hypertension. PHA is a heterogeneous disorder both clinically and genetically and can be divided into three subgroups; PHA type 1 (PHA1), type 2 (PHA2) and type 3 (PHA3). PHA1 and PHA2 are genetic disorders, and PHA3 is a secondary disease of transient mineralocorticoid resistance mostly associated with urinary tract infections and obstructive uropathies. PHA1 includes two different forms with different severity of the disease and phenotype: a systemic type of disease with autosomal recessive inheritance (caused by mutations of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, ENaC) and a renal form with autosomal dominant inheritance (caused by mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor, MR). In the kidneys, the distal nephron takes charge of the fine regulation of water absorption and ion handling under the control of aldosterone. Two major intracellular actors necessary for the action of aldosterone are the MR and the ENaC. Impairment of the intracellular aldosterone signal transduction pathway results in resistance to the action of mineralocorticoids, which leads to PHA. Herein, ion handling the distal nephron and the clinico-genetic findings of PHA are reviewed with special emphasis on PHA type 1.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.319-329
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• 1990

Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure, plasma lenin activity, aldosterone and renal excretion were compared in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats fed low, medium or high sodium diet (2, 10, 25 mmol NaCl/100g diet) for 6 weeks. ANP infusion (380 ng/kg/min for 20 min) produced reductions in blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone level, but marked increases in hematocrit, urine flow, and excretions of sodium and potassium. The low sodium group showed a significantly enhanced aldosterone lowering effect of ANP than the high sodium group. However, three salt groups showed no difference in effects of ANP on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, hematocrit and diuresis. Natriuretic response to ANP was significantly greater in the high salt-than in the low sait-SHR, but was not different between the Wistar salt groups. There were strain differences in effects of ANP: SHR showed greater responses of blood pressure and natriuresis than Wistar rats. Above results indicate that aldosterone-lowering and natriuretic effects of ANP were modifed by different dietary sodium intakes. However, blood pressure- and renin-lowering, or diuretic effects of ANP were not affected by dietary sodium intakes. The mechanisms whereby dietary sodium intakes alter the effects of ANP in the pathogenesis of hypertension are not clear.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

Changes in urinary $Na^+$ and $K^+$ excretions, renal cortical microsomal $Na^+$ -K-ATPase activity, cortical tissue electrolyte content and plasma aldosterone level were studied in rats treated with CdCl2 (2 mg Cd/kg/day, s.c. injection) for 7-14 days. After 7 days of cadmium exposure, urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was markedly reduced. This change was accompanied by an increase in $Na^+$-$K^+$-ATPase activity, a fall in tissue $Na^+$ content, a rise in tissue $K^+$ content and an elevation of plasma aldosterone level.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.291-295
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• 1996

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effecd of Radix Aconiti water extrac on the plasma renin activity and plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide in rats. The results of study were as follows; Plasma renin activity was decreased significantly after administration of Radix Aconiti water extract. Plasma levels of aldosterone was decreased significantly after administration of Radix Aconiti water extract. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was not changed after administration of Radix Aconiti water extract.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2006

The present study examined that in Vivo/Vitro test is investigated in normotensive sham-operated rats (NSR) and aldosterone-analogue deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats (ADHR) and that the antihypertensive effect was induced by silver spike point (SSP) electrical stimulation at meridian points(CV-3, -4, Ki-12, SP-6, LR-3, BL-25, -28, -32, -52), specifically, such as aldosterone in 24 hour urine analysis from healthy volunteer. The gross examination and morphometric-histological changes, such as hypertrophy, production of necrotic tissues, and the changes of cell arrangement on the kidney, and adrenal gland were markedly observed in aldosterone-analogue DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with those from normotensive sham-operated rats. The systolic blood pressure, weight of kidney and adrenal gland were significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. The required time of PSS-induced resting tone was significantly increased in ADHR than that in NSR. However, the voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) currents were significantly decreased in ADHR than that in NSR. The urine analysis showed that the concentration of aldosterone was significantly decreased in resting state from the elderly people compared with those from the adolescent healthy volunteer. The current of 1 Hz continue type of SSP electrical stimulation significantly decreased in the concentration of aldosterone of 24 hour urine from the elderly people. These results suggest that the development of aldosterone analogue-induced hypertension is associated with changed the weight of kidney and adrenal gland, blood pressure, resting tone and Kv currents, which directly affects blood pressure. Therefore, the hypertension is a risk factor on cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, these results suggest that the diminished responsiveness to SSP electrical stimulation, especially current of 1Hz continue type, in elderly people may be, in part, related by the increased of antihypertensive effects.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2008

Purpose: To study of difference among primary aldosteronism patients and normal groups and essential hypertension patients and to confirm aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio increase in secondary hypertension group which was diagnosed as primary aldosteronism. Materials and method: 1. Period: from April 2006 to March 2008. 2.Targets: 901 patients who visited seoul national university bundang hospital. 3. Groups: we divided by three groups. (normal group (n=147), essential hypertension (n=709), primary aldosteronism (n=45)) 4. Then calculated aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio. 5. We used ROC curve to measure sensitivity and specificity. Results: 1. normal groups aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $52.8{\pm}52.46$ essential hypertension patients aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $171.04{\pm}291.56$ primary aldosteronism patients aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio: $2325{\pm}2200$. 2. Aldosterone/renin ratio was significant in comparing each groups (p<0.001). 3. The sensitivity was 91.1% and the specificity was 92.4% when cut off of aldosterone/renin ratio was 485. Conclusion: It was confirmed that aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism was higher than normal group. According to this result, we can tell that aldosterone/ plasma renin activity ratio is very useful in diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.603-615
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• 2016

This study was conducted by performing intensities aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, three times a week targeting 28 middle aged women. The purpose of this study was analyzing factors which affect cognitive function and changes of blood pressure, renin-aldosterone system, neurotransmitter, cognitive function and working memory after treatment. The participants were divided into three groups which are the control group(n=9, non exercise), moderate intensity aerobic exercise group(n=10, 50%V02max), high intensity aerobic exercise group(n=9, 70%V02max). The two-way ANOVA(repeated measure) and multiple regression analysis were carried out to target those three groups before and after treatment. The results were as follows like this. The moderate intensity aerobic exercise increased renin, brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), cognitive function and working memory. Also, it reduced aldosterone, angiotensinII and aldosterone-renin ratio. The high intensity aerobic exercise showed increase BDNF, cognitive function and working memory and decrease systolic. As a result of a multiple regression analysis of factors affecting cognitive function after intensities aerobic exercise, the moderate intensity aerobic exercise affected diastolic blood pressure, decrease of aldosterone-renin ratio and working memory. Also, an increase of BDNF affected cognitive function, the high intensity aerobic exercise affected working memory BDNF and an increase of serotonin affected cognitive function. Therefore, It could be seen that more than moderate intensity exercise increase woman's cognitive function and working memory. Also, there were metabolic factors which affect the increase of cognitive function. To moderate intensity exercise, renin-aldosterone and working memory affected to increase of cognitive function. For high intensity exercise, BDNF and working memory affected to it.