• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to verify the effects of some oriental herbs(Alny Cortex et Ramulus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium, Giseng Radix, Hoveniae Semen, Puerariae Flos, Puerariae Radix, and Xanthii Fructus) which have been used in the treatment of alcoholic diseases, on alcoholic metabolism, and on alcoholic liver damage. Methods : The effects of the herbs on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were evaluated and their protective effects of liver function and cells from alcoholic damage were analysed. For the evaluation of the protective effects, the levels of glucose, triglyceride, BUN, AST, and ALT in serum of rats were measured. Results and Conclusions : It is concluded that Puerariae Radix interferes with the ADH activity directly, thereby reducing the toxicity of alcohol, resulting in enhancing alcohol-tolerance and protecting liver functions. Also Artemisiae Capillaris Herba interferes both ADH and ALDH activities. Isolation of the biologically active compounds from Puerariae Radix and its detailed characterization are matters for future research.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2007

The effects of the alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera (BMA) on morphine-induced pharmacological activities were studied in mice. Oral administration of the extract (40 mg/kg) significantly inhibited morphine-induced analgesic tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, hyperactivity, reverse tolerance, Dopamine receptor supersensitivity and apo-morphine-induced climbing behaviour in mice. The results of this study showed that, alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera (BMA) exerted inhibitory effect against morphine-induced pharmacological effects, suggesting that the extract could be useful in the treatment of morphine toxicity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.832-837
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• 1989

포도주 발효에 사용되는 호모균주 12종을 Murphy배지에 배양하여 중간크기의 지방산(MCFA)의 생성을 분석하였고 발효조건에 따라 그 생성량을 관찰하였다. 특히 발효력이 강한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 속하는 균주들은 발효초기에 decanoic acid를 약 21-26mg/1 생성하였고 발효 후기에는 약 5-10mg/1로 감소하였다. 발효조건에서 볼 때 MCFA의 생성은 온도가 높을수록 감소하였고 당함량이 클수록 증가하였으며 또한 탄산가스의 존재 하에서도 증가하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2013

Makgeolli is a traditional cloudy-white Korean rice wine with an alcohol content of 6~7%. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics, carbon-utilizing ability, fatty acid composition, alcohol resistance, glucose tolerance, and flocculence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y98-5 and Pichia anomala Y197-13, non-S. cerevisiae isolated from Nuruk, which is used in brewing Makgeolli. Similar morphological characteristics were observed for both isolated wild yeast strains; and the carbon source assimilation of Y197-13 differed from that of other P. anomala strains. Strain Y197-13 was negative for D-trehalose, mannitol, arbutin, I-erythritol, and succinic acid. The major cellular fatty acids of strain Y197-13 included C18:2n6c (33.94%), C18:1n9c (26.97%) and C16:0 (20.57%). Strain Y197-13 was Crabtree-negative, with 60% cell viability at 12% (v/v) ethanol. The flocculation level of strain Y197-13 was 8.38%, resulting in its classification as a non-flocculent yeast.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

발효식품에서 분리한 야생 효모 12 균주의 주류 제조 가능성을 조사하기 위해, 알코올 발효에 관여하는 특성을 분석하였다. 알코올 및 당 내성을 조사한 후, 당화액을 제조하여 pH, 고형분 함량, 적정산도, 아미노산도, 알코올, 유기산 및 향기성분 등을 분석하였다. S. cerevisiae 효모의 알코올 내성은 10%에서 보였으나 non-Saccharomyces 효모는 P. kudriavzevii N77-4를 제외하고 내성이 낮았다. 당 내성은 H. opuntiae HP1-2, C. tropicalis Y447을 제외한 효모에서 모두 우수하였다. 야생 효모를 이용한 알코올 발효액의 pH는 3.01−3.61, 고형분 함량은 8.73−13.10°Brix로 S. cerevisiae보다 non-Saccharomyces가 높았다. 적정산도는 0.25−0.33%로, 아미노산도는 1.61−2.61 g/100 ml으로 non-Saccharomyces 효모가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 알코올 함량은 2.25−8.5%로 S. cerevisiae에 비해 non-Saccharomyces 효모가 매우 낮았다. 야생 효모로 알코올 발효시 유기산은 사과산, 초산, 호박산 등이 증가하였고, 그 중 P. kudriavzevii N77-4는 낮은 초산 함량과 높은 사과산 및 호박산 함량을 나타내었다. 당화액을 전자코로 분석한 결과, DF1의 오른쪽 범주에 속했으며, 효모 발효액은 DF1의 왼쪽 범주에 속하여 발효에 따른 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 휘발성 향기성분은 non-Saccharomyces 효모에서 ethyl acetate가, S. cerevisiae 효모는 ethanol 화합물이 높은 향기성분을 나타내었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity has significantly increased among children and adolescents worldwide and is becoming an important health care problem in parallel with the increased prevalence of obesity pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Betatrophin is a newly define hormone that is commonly secreted by liver and plays role in glucose tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum betatrophin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Methods: The study included 40 obese children with a body mass index (BMI) above 95th centile, and 35 non-obese subjects with a BMI 3-85th centile, whose age and gender were similar to those of the patient group. For the evaluation of metabolic parameters fasting serum glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipid profile and serum betatrophin levels were measured. Total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were calculated as "atherogenic indices." Results: Serum betatrophin levels of the obese subjects were similar to that of non-obese subjects (p=0.90). Betatrophin levels were not correlated with the metabolic parameters. Conclusion: In the present study, levels of betatrophin are not different between obese and insulin resistant children and non-obese subjects, and they are not correlated with atherogenic indices. To elucidate the exact role of betatrophin in obesity, further studies are required to identify the betatrophin receptor and/or other possible cofactors.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-85
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• 1992

To study the personality characteristics of alcoholic patients, they were screned with the MAST(Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) and administered with the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) in the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry, Oriental Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee Univ. form March 1991 to June 1991. Patients admitted for alcoholism were examined and analyzed using the above tests and then studied by Sasang Constitutional approach. Results were as follows; 1. In the MAST score, the cases of obvious alcohol dependence was 53.3% and overall mean score was 28.1 point. 2. In the MMPI scale, the mean of the T-scores for 2(D)-4(Pd) profile was high, but it was not statistically significant. 3. The results obtained by multivariate cluster analysis of MMPI T-scores can be divided into 3 subgroups; 1) 9% showed the psychiatric tendency of F-6(Pa)-9(Ma)profile, 2) 44.2% showed no significant profile, 3)46.5% showed the neurotic tendency of 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) profile. 4. Since 44.2% showed no significant profile on the MMPI, much more alcoholic patients were caused not by personality factors but by social tolerance, and also by increasing apportunities of drinking in Korean society. 5. When analyzed with Sasang Constituional approach, 1) for the Soyangin (少陽人): 6(Pa) scale was particularly high, 1(Hs) and 3(Hy) scales were low compared to others, 2) for the Taiumin(太陰人): 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) neurotic profile was high, the K-scale and 4(Pd)scale were high compared to the Soyangin, 3) for the Soumin(少陰人): 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) neurotic profile and 7(Pt) scale were also high.

• 식품기술
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

Saccharomyces cerevisiae는 전통적으로 알코올 음료와 bioethanol 생산에 이용되지만, 발효가 진행되는 동안 효모의 에탄올 생성은 에탄올의 축적에 의한 충격으로 세포활성에 손상을 초래한다. 본 연구는 S. cerevisiae의 에탄올 스트레스 반응과 에탄올 내성의 분자적 기초에 관해 수행되었으며, 에탄올 스트레스가 진행되는 동안 효모의 에탄올 생성 향상을 위한 유전 공학 전략의 수립에 활용될 수 있다. 이전의 연구들은 유전자 발현에 대한 에탄올 스트레스의 충격이 환경적 영향을 받기 때문에 다양한 균주와 조건들에 관해 이루어졌다. 그러나 에탄올 공격에 의해 영향을 받은 gene ontology 범주에서의 일부 공통점은 S. cerevisiae의 에탄올 스트레스 반응이 해당과정 및 미토콘드리아 기능과 관련된 유전자 발현의 증가와 에너지가 요구되는 성장과정과 관련된 유전자의 발현 감소에 따라 에너지 생산에 제약 받음을 의미한다. Genomewide screens를 이용한 연구는 vacuole function의 유지가 에탄올 내성에 대해 중요함을 암시한다. 아마도 단백질 turnover와 이온 항상성 유지에 이 세포기관의 역할이 중요하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 특히 에탄올 스트레스가 일어날 때 핵 내 Asr1과 Rat8의 축적은 비록 이 가설이 논란이 많은 주제로 남아있지만 S. cerevisiae가 에탄올 스트레스에 대한 특별한 반응을 가지고 있음을 의미한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2022

Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and adipokines (e.g., adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) play an important role in insulin sensitivity. Medicinal plants are frequently used for T2D treatment. This study investigates the effect of Artemisia annua L. (AA) extracts on adipokines in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Methods: We divided 60 mice into 12 groups (n = 5 per group): control, untreated T2D, treated T2D, and 9 other groups. T2D was induced in all groups, except controls, by 8 weeks of HFD and STZ injection. The treated T2D group was administered 250 mg/kg of metformin (MTF), while the nine other groups were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of hot-water extract (HWE), cold-water extract (CWE), and alcoholic extract (ALE) of AA (daily oral gavage) along with 250 mg/kg of MTF for 4 weeks. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and the homeostasis model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-AD) index and blood glucose and serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels were measured. Results: Similar to MTF, all three types of AA extracts (HWEs, CWEs, and ALEs) significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose during the IPGTT, the HOMA-AD index, blood glucose levels, and serum insulin, leptin, and resistin levels and increased serum adiponectin levels in the MTF group compared to the T2D group (p < 0.0001). The HWEs affected adipokine release, while the CWEs and ALEs decreased leptin and resistin production. Conclusion: Water and alcoholic AA extracts have an antihyperglycemic and antihyperinsulinemic effect on HFD/STZ diabetic mice. In addition, they decrease IR by reducing leptin and resistin production and increasing adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The knowledge on the etiology of breast cancer has advanced substantially in recent years, and several etiological factors are now firmly established. However, very few new discoveries have been made in relation to occupational risk factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has evaluated over 900 different exposures or agents to-date to determine whether they are carcinogenic to humans. These evaluations are published as a series of Monographs (www.iarc.fr). For breast cancer the following substances have been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1): alcoholic beverages, exposure to diethylstilbestrol, estrogen-progestogen contraceptives, estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy and exposure to X-radiation and gamma-radiation (in special populations such as atomic bomb survivors, medical patients, and in-utero exposure). Ethylene oxide is also classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, although the evidence for carcinogenicity in epidemiologic studies, and specifically for the human breast, is limited. The classification "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A) includes estrogen hormone replacement therapy, tobacco smoking, and shift work involving circadian disruption, including work as a flight attendant. If the association between shift work and breast cancer, the most common female cancer, is confirmed, shift work could become the leading cause of occupational cancer in women.